The chewing apparatus. An electromyographic study of the action of the muscles of mastication and its correlation to facial morphology.
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “DENTAL APPARATUS”
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[Device for securing the T-joint of the anesthesia apparatus in performing operations in the maxillofacial area under endotracheal anesthesia].
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Anesthesia, Dental↗
The Copenhagen spraymatic. A sterile spraymatic for oral surgery.
An apparatus is described which supplies sterile, air-free physiologic saline as coolant at the tip of the handpiece. The device is activated by the foot control of the dental engine and the bur is flooded with saline the very moment the rotations begin. In the same way is stops instantaneously without afterdrip and without suckback. The components are either disposable or autoclavable. Metallic components are stainless steel.
Dental High-Speed Equipment↗
Fabrication of titanium implant-retained restorations with nontraditional machining techniques.
Traditional laboratory techniques are being supplemented by modern precision technologies to solve complex restorative problems. Electrical discharge machining combined with laser scanning and computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing can create very precise restorations without the lost wax method. A laser scanner is used to create a three-dimensional polyline data model that can then be converted into a stereolithography file format for output to a stereolithography apparatus or other rapid prototyping device. A stereolithography-generated model is used to create an electric discharge machining electrode via copper electroforming. This electrode is used to machine dental restorations from an ingot of titanium, bypassing the conventional lost wax casting process. Retaining screw access holes are machined using conventional drilling procedures, but could be accomplished with electric discharge machining if desired. Other rapid prototyping technologies are briefly discussed.
Computer-Aided Design↗
A microshear test to measure bond strengths of dentin-polymer interfaces.
The microbond test. a single fiber shear test, has been adapted to be a microshear test for the measurement of the adhesion of resin-based dental materials to dentin and enamel. The objective of this study is to improve the design of this microshear test so that it can provide accurate and reliable shear bond strength data. In the current design of the microshear test apparatus, the bonding diameters of the specimens have been as small as 0.70 mm. The smaller diameters give researchers the ability to test several bonded specimens on one flat dentin or enamel surface, thus allowing both for the regional mapping of the mineralized surface and the conservation of extracted teeth needed to provide the necessary substrates. The test corfiguration used in earlier studies has been modified through finite element analysis to address concerns in the test methodology. The results of this study show that the microshear bond test can be a useful tool in helping to understand the complex interactions that occur at the interface between dental composites and dentin and/or enamel surfaces, especially at interfacial sites not amenable to macroshear testing.
Adhesiveness↗
The influence of drill wear on cutting efficiency and heat production during osteotomy preparation for dental implants: a study of drill durability.
PURPOSE: The authors evaluated, under conditions simulating implant placement, the cutting efficiency, durability, heat production, and wear of implant drills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteotomies were performed on bovine ribs using a surgical unit mounted in a testing apparatus. A software program controlled the apparatus and recorded temperatures, depths, and drilling times. Seven brands of drills were tested (Nobel Biocare, 3i/Implant Innovations, Steri-Oss, Paragon, Implamed, Lifecore, and ITI). Spade, twist, tri-flute, and TiN-coated drill designs were evaluated and compared during 100 successive osteotomies. Scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopic examinations were performed, and hardness was measured. RESULTS: Two 2-mm drills (Nobel Biocare and 3i/Implant Innovations) had mean removal rates significantly greater than the others (P < .05). The 2-mm twist drill design with a low hardness (Implamed) exhibited plastic deformation at the cutting edge, loss of cutting efficiency, and drill fracture. The TiN-coated drills (Steri-Oss and Paragon) showed greater wear and significantly lower removal rates (P < .05) than noncoated drills. Temperature increases with different drills were not significantly different at depths of 5 or 15 mm or between 2-mm or 3-mm drills. With 1 exception (the 2.3-mm Paragon drill at a depth of 15 mm), the temperatures generated by the different types of drills were not significantly different. Clinically harmful temperatures were detected only at a depth of 15 mm during 5 osteotomies and coincided with a marked decrease in the rate of drill advancement with a resulting continuous drilling action. DISCUSSION: Temperatures generated at depths of 5 and 15 mm by the different drill types and diameters were not significantly different and, with only 5 exceptions, were clinically safe. Several differences between brands were noted in regard to cutting efficiency and durability, underscoring the importance of material selection and quality on drill performance. CONCLUSIONS: Drill design, material, and mechanical properties significantly affect cutting efficiency and durability. Coolant availability and temperature were the predominant factors in determining bone temperatures. Implant drills can be used several times without resulting in bone temperatures that are potentially harmful. Continuous drilling in deep osteotomies can produce local temperatures that might be harmful to the bone.
Animals↗
Apparatus for simulating extraction forces.
The extraction forces can be stimulated using a mean value indicator, extraction forceps and a phantom skull. The rocking and twisting moments occurring during "extraction" can be measured with strain gauges. Before beginning practical work on patients, dental students carried out simulated extractions of various teeth. The moments were significantly lower than forces needed for real extractions. When using the simulator, the students must be supervised by a teacher able to demonstrate the correct grips of forceps handles and the correct style in extraction.
Education, Dental↗
[A mathematical analysis of the structure of the elements in the human maxillodental apparatus].
On the example of "Golden wourf" and some other models the use of mathematical methods in stomatological morphometry is demonstrated. Parameter values oscillations below 15% are considered by the authors to be the limit for normal state individual peculiarities. Relief of dental crowns are considered from biomechanical positions, representing dentition localisation as parts of conic surfaces.
Adolescent↗
Multidisciplinary treatment approach for enhancement of implant esthetics.
A "team approach" that includes different specialties from the initial stages of implant treatment is important to achieve predictable and esthetically pleasing outcomes in compromised dental replacement cases. This report describes a severely compromised case that was properly managed by the combined efforts of a team of specialists. Briefly, prior to tooth extraction, orthodontic forced eruption was applied to coronally displace the attachment apparatus (i.e., hard and soft tissues). Then, atraumatic tooth extraction together with immediate implant placement was performed. The "sandwich bone augmentation" technique was used to augment the deficient buccal alveolar ridge. A second stage surgery was performed 6 months after healing, revealing 100% of bone fill/augmentation. This technique allowed fabrication of a final restoration that respected the proportions of the natural dentition in a case that would otherwise result in a poor esthetic outcome.
Adult↗
A new laboratory method for evaluating the relative solubility and erosion of dental cements.
A method for accelerating the dissolution and erosion of 'acidic' dental cements has been developed which gave relative solubilities in accordance with in vivo observations, in contrast to the conventional test. It involves subjecting 24-h-old specimens to a jet of dilute acid (lactic or citric) and determining weight loss. The relative ranking for 'acidic' cements in the apparatus and in vivo was: glass ionomer less than silicophosphate less than zinc phosphate less than polycarboxylate. The method was not valid for reinforced zinc oxide/eugenol/EBA cements. Of the two polycarboxylate cements studied, a brand which has the acid in the powder was found to be more soluble than the conventional material. It is proposed that the method be the basis of a new solubility/erosion test in national and international standards for 'acidic' dental cements.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Developmental stuttering: manifestations, treatment and dental implications.
Developmental stuttering (DS) is a disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech resulting in involuntary repetition, prolongation, or cessation of sound. The scientific literature has implicated the lack of strong left cerebral dominance and abnormal levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and possibly serotonin in regions of the brain controlling the coordination of language processing and motor activity of the vocal apparatus as possible causative factors in DS. Speech-language therapy is the most common form of treatment, but antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic medications may be prescribed for some children and adults with persistent stuttering. These medications may cause xerostomia and adversely interact with certain antibiotics, analgesics, and sedatives routinely used in dentistry. Some people who stutter have sensory-motor and tactile-proprioceptive deficits that impede accurate and timely movements of the mandible, lips, and tongue, necessitating protection of the airway by staff during dental care.
Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
Role of attached gingiva for maintenance of periodontal health. Healing following excisional and grafting procedures in dogs.
The present study was undertaken to analyze the role of attached gingiva for the maintenance of periodontal health in sites with normal and reduced height of the supporting apparatus. Furthermore, the effect of excision and grafting of gingiva on some parameters describing dimensions and location of the periodontal tissues was evaluated. 7 beagle dogs were used. A baseline examination comprised assessments of dental plaque, gingival conditions, attachment level, position of the gingival margin and width of the keratinized and the attached gingiva. In the right side of the jaws (experimental side) a 6-month period of periodontal tissue breakdown was followed by surgical excision of the entire zone of the gingiva. After another 4-month period of healing with daily plaque control, a gingival graft was inserted in one quadrant of the experimental side to regain a zone of attached gingiva while the other quadrant of the experimental side was left ungrafted. In the left side of the jaws (control side), the teeth were subjected to daily meticulous plaque control during the entire study. In one of the control quadrants the entire zone of the keratinized and attached gingiva was excised at a time point corresponding to the grafting procedure in the experimental side, while the gingiva in the remaining control jaw quadrant was left unoperated. Clinical examinations of all control and experimental tooth units were repeated at certain time intervals during the course of the study. The final examination was carried out 4 months after grafting. The results of the experiment showed that in sites exposed to careful plaque control measures gingival health could be established and maintained without sign of recession of the gingival margin or loss of attachment, independent of (1) presence or absence of attached gingiva, (2) width of keratinized gingiva or (3) height of the supporting attachment apparatus. Following surgical excision of the entire gingiva, all buccal sites regained a zone of keratinized gingiva, but most sites were lacking attached gingiva. Furthermore, grafting of gingival tissue significantly increased the width of the keratinized and the attached gingiva but had no obvious effect on the position of the gingival margin or the level of the attachment.
Animals↗
[Physiological behavior of Cantilever].
The prosthetic rehabilitation is common of the integral treatment of patients that integral treatment of patients that have lost one or several dental pieces as a consequence of periodontal diseases. It has been demonstrated that plural fixed prothesis to extention, plovide a distribution pattern and magnitude of favourable forces to the periodontal during the different functions of the stomathologic apparatus, that justify rehabilitation based to it patients periodontically affected. The physiological behaviour of cantilever was basically analized on report on different investigation studies performed on patients periodontically diminis hed treated with plural fixed prothesis of crossed are with two unit or bilateral vear cantilever units, dento supported or fixed in place on implants. It is important to emphasize that favourable results previously analized in base to this type of rehabilitation in its different varieties have been obtained through record done on patients in which considerations of indications, design and occlusion stability have been optimized.
Bite Force↗
Phagocytosis of latex beads by a human gingival epithelial-like cell line in tissue culture.
Phatocytosis by a human gingival epithelial-like cell line in tissue culture was studied using latex beads as a marker. Electron microscopic and chemical analyses revealed that the cells ingested the beads in a quantitative and reproducible manner. This phagocytosis system is potentially useful for studying the effects of dental plaque on cell metabolism.
Cell Line↗
Oral cleansers.
Toothette Disposable Oral Swabs are oral cleansers intended for hospital and nursing home patients who cannot practice normal oral hygiene methods. The foam applicator contains sodium bicarbonate and is grooved to facilitate the removal of thick ropy saliva. The Toothette Single Use System is a kit that includes the Toothette Disposable Oral Swab, tubes of moisturizer and Prox-A-Mint solution, which is an oral débriding agent. The swab can be connected to a suction apparatus, allowing a safe and thorough oral cleaning, which is particularly useful in intubated and non-responsive patients.
Aged↗
A method to measure pain associated with hypersensitive dentin.
Pain associated with dental hypersensitivity has been difficult to assess. An electronic threshold measure was developed to increase the degree of objectivity in a subject's response to a cold thermal stimulus. The apparatus consisted of a miniature thermistor connected to a medical multichannel recorder with a hand-held event recorder. The thermistor was placed adjacent to the hypersensitive area for an accurate temperature measure of the point at which the subject first reported pain. Room temperature air was gently blown on the hypersensitive area, dropping the surface temperature evenly from intraoral temperature to room temperature. Results indicated that this method of assessment provided consistent and reproducible data. The apparatus can detect changes in sensitivity and offers an objective approach to sensitivity studies.
Dentin Sensitivity↗
The hopeless tooth: when is treatment futile?
The decision to place a tooth in the hopeless category is by no means a simple one. There is always the possibility of being wrong, the possibility that this tooth may prove to be the exception and, against all odds, survive as a functioning component of the masticatory apparatus. These are the decisions that make us dentists rather than technicians.
Decision Making↗
[Prerequisites for outpatient treatment using general anesthesia].
The possibility of profound preoperative examination by an experienced anesthesiologist, the cooperation of dentists, oral and maxillo-facial surgeons, anesthesiologists, pediatricians, internal specialists and family doctors, careful planning, conduction and supervision of anesthesia and postoperative treatment in a recovery room are essential in safe outpatient treatment under general anesthesia in the field of oral and maxillo-facial surgery. In case of unexpected postoperative complications patients have to be hospitalized. All the aforementioned requirements in respect of staff, apparatus and rooms must be fulfilled.
Adolescent↗