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PubMed1984

Natural methods of family planning.

Reliable indicators to detect the fertile and infertile phases in the menstrual cycle are now available, largely due to the intensive scientific research into fertility over the past decade. This means that couples who follow the rules of the different NFP methodologies have a highly effective means of birth control, without the introduction of hormones, chemicals or devices into the body. New scientific techniques can be expected within the next couple of years which will simplify the detection of the fertile phase and hopefully help to elucidate the grey area of the early fertile days, where most of the unplanned pregnancies occur. Fertility awareness by both partners is an important positive contribution to the whole sexual relationship and emphasizes that NFP is an educational delivery system rather than a technological one. The modification of sexual behaviour and the motivation of both partners for the successful use of NFP may initially present a problem to some couples. On the other hand, many partners find the discipline enhances their sexual relationship and dialogue. Whatever the motivation, today more and more couples are happier to be in autonomous control of their bodies and their fertility.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1981

Primary ovarian pregnancy and the intrauterine contraceptive device.

A case of true primary ovarian pregnancy with a Cu-7 intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in situ was studied. All of Spiegelberg's criteria were satisfied. Review of the literature revealed an apparent increase in the frequency of ovarian pregnancy associated with the use of IUCDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Contraception with the intrauterine pessary Progestasert].

A prospective study was carried out from June 1973 to August 1976 in 131 women fitted with a newly developed IUD (Progestasert). The IUD's were removed as planned after 12 months with the exception of 4 cases in which they were retained for up to 17 months. The evaluation of the trial was performed according to the Life Table Analysis and the usual statistical methods. 1496 application months were evaluated. One case each of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies were observed. One patient experienced spontaneous expulsion of the IUD. In 9 cases medical reasons led to the removal of Progestasert at an earlier date. Duration, intensity, and interval of menstruation as well as frequency of spotting and dysmenorrhea were recorded. A slight increase in duration and interval of menstruation was seen whereas bleeding intensity was reduced. Increased spotting, especially during the first month after insertion, and a significant reduction of dysmenorrheal complaints were noted after 2 months. In addition to 8 removals due to bleeding disturbances, 6 other patients experienced spotting throughout the entire treatment period. Laboratory tests such as ESR, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and cytological smear determinations were carried out. No pathological alterations of these parameters were found.

Adolescent↗