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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Senator Charles H. Percy: great friend of the elderly.

As can be seen from this quick analysis. Senator Charles Percy has certainly left his mark in the United States Senate and on the nation as well. His accomplishments have been many. He has used his truly incredible intellect and energy level for the benefit of all Americans. All American citizens owe Senator Percy a debt of gratitude for his years of public service. He is proof that the American system of government endures and that the best and the brightest still look to public service. It says a great deal about the man that he has spent so much of his time dealing with the problems of the aged, disabled, and infirm. He has been the voice of the voiceless and the conscience of the country demanding the recognition and redress of grievances, an end to the neglect, violence and discrimination perpetrated against the weakest members of society. CARING is proud to salute this truly great American.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Social representations by a nursing team about undernourished children and their families].

The present study derived from our interest in nursing practice with the undernourished children and their families. Our objectives were: to understand the social representations of the nursing team about undernourished children and their families and to analyze how these representations can interfere in the process of taking care. Based on qualitative research principles, authors adopted the social representations theoretical method. For data collection and analysis, authors used the projective techniques and speech subject analysis, respectively. Results showed an innocent conception by nursing professionals, that reproduces in the practical field a strong moral code and hygienic habits to the family and it does not propitiate the formation of a critical conscience about their citizenship rights.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Memories and history for a new view of nursing in Brazil].

This study aims at evidencing the involvement of the historic knowledge to nursing, regarding to development of a critical conscience and new ways of perception and appreciation of the profession. Authors emphasize the potential of the subject to integrate teaching and research as well as to articulate the undergraduate and graduate programmes and in the consolidation of a research line of brazilian nursing history (HEB), demanding the preservation in the whole country of data sources, and the interchange between HEB researchers and historians who have interests on studies like this.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Philanthropy's new agenda: creating value.

During the past two decades, the number of charitable foundations in the United States has doubled while the value of their assets has increased more than 1,100%. As new wealth continues to pour into foundations, the authors take a timely look at the field and conclude that radical change is needed. First, they explain why. Compared with direct giving, foundations are strongly favored through tax preferences whose value increases in rising stock markets. As a nation, then, we make a substantial investment in foundation philanthropy that goes well beyond the original gifts of private donors. We should therefore expect foundations to achieve a social impact disproportionate to their spending. If foundations serve merely as passive conduits for giving, then they not only fall far short of their potential but also fail to meet an important societal obligation. Drawing on Porter's work on competition and strategy, the authors then present a framework for thinking systematically about how foundations create value and how the various approaches to value creation can be deployed within the context of an overarching strategy. Although many foundations talk about "strategic" giving, much current practice is at odds with strategy. Among the common problems, foundations scatter their funding too broadly, they overlook the value-creating potential of longer and closer working relationships with grantees, and they pay insufficient attention to the ultimate results of the work they fund. This article lays out a blueprint for change, challenging foundation leaders to spearhead the evolution of philanthropy from private acts of conscience into a professional field.

Charities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of tetanus: the problem of differential diagnosis].

A clinical case concerning differential diagnosis between tetanus, atropine poisoning and acute hypocalcemia is reported. A 51 year-old man has been hospitalized in ICU, coming from the emergency service of another hospital, with a diagnosis of suspected atropine poisoning (he had been under treatment with atropine collyrium 1% for same days). The patient at the moment of hospitalization presented: preserved coscience with good orientation in time and space, thrismus, slight nuchal rigidity, hypertonia to the inferior limbs, accentuated osteotendinous reflex to the four limbs, asthenia, intense perspiration, tachycardia, apyrexia and not appreciable ocular signs for previus pathology. At observation the patient showed to have had a thyroidectomy (presence of surgical scar), and he didn't remember to have been vaccinated against tetanus. Several small scars to the hands were observed (particularly a recent felon to the first finger of the rigth hand) all referable to his activity as agriculture laborer. The hematochemical examinations were performed and the slight hypocalcemia slightly laver than normal, the leukocytosis neutrophilia, apyrexia, abundant perspiration and preserved conscience in presence of thrismus and hypertonia to the inferior limbs led to the diagnosis of a possible case of tetanus.

Atropine↗
PubMed1998

[[Selected legal aspects related to medical practice].

The question of the physician's liability, both that of civil as well as penal law nature--is always emotionally approached. Dynamic development of medical and biological sciences as well as technics is the cause of progress but it also gives rise to the increase of hazards or abuses in medical therapy. If we speak of the therapeutic intervention being originally legal we mean that it is carried out in compliance with the principles of medical art. In such circumstances, even though the intervention resulted in negative effects, the intervening physician cannot be made penally liable. Civil law liability, in its turn, may have either ex contractu or ex delictu basis. When the general prerequisites of this kind of liability are present, the intervening physician (Art. 353 or 415 of Civil Code) or the State Treasury (Art. 417 of Civil Code) may be made liable for causing damage, joint and several liability of the physician and the Treasury being also possible (Art. 420 of Civil Code). The carrying out of therapeutic intervention without the law required consent of the patient may lead--on the basis of Polish law--to the physician's civil law liability for the infringement of the patient's personal interests even though the intervention ended in success (Articles 23 and 24 of Civil Code). From the point of view of Polish penal law such situation may cause the physician's penal liability for the offence against freedom (Art. 192 of Penal Code). The euthanatic homicide should be, and in Polish law, is an offence. Considering the potential abuses arising from making the euthanasia legal, penal law whose major function is that of the guarantee nature, must ensure safeguards vis-à-vis life to the utmost limit. Polish Legislator shows, however, full understanding of the extremely difficult and conflict-generating situation in which the individual committing euthanatic homicide may find himself. Hence, in section 2 of Art. 150 of Penal Code the Legislator declared that "in exceptional, particularly justified cases, the Court may apply extraordinary mitigation of penalty or even depart at all from meeting out the penalty". Law regulations cannot however solve problems whose moral and ethical dimension exceeds sometimes that limited to law only. Hence in plenty of cases the physicians are left to themselves with the "verdicts" produced by their own conscience. And indeed, these verdicts may many a time be more severe than the decision of the Court because the physicians cannot appeal from them.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed2000

[Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in tinnitus patients treated with xylocaine].

The group of patients suffering from tinnitus was treated with intravenous Xylocaine. Ten consecutive doses of Xylocaine (2 mg/kg b.m.) were administered during a period of ten days. Changes of amplitudes of TEOAE in relation to tinnitus suppression was assessed. In 91.5% of cases we observed correlation between amplitude changes and complaint abatement. Both amplitude changes and the time of tinnitus suppression increased after ten days of treatment in comparison with single dose of Xylocaine. The differences of amplitude variations between tinnitus and non tinnitus ear group was statistically significant (Wilcoxon test p < 0.05). The treatment with Xylocaine was considered to be the beginning of long-term procedure aimed at causing habituation of tinnitus in patients conscience (TRT).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Assistance in hunger strikes: legal guidelines].

Hunger strikes raise ethical and legal issues, in addition to societal and medical ones. The World Medical Association adopted resolutions in 1975 (Declaration of Tokyo) and 1991 (Declaration of Malta) in which respect for the decision to refuse food was confirmed. A survey of the relevant international and national standards shows that in the Netherlands law and policy are more supportive of respect for food refusal (and against forced feeding) than would seem to be the case at the international level. However, respect for the decision of the hunger striker requires that it is well-considered, informed, and free from group coercion. The existence of an unambiguous legal framework will not save the advising physician from difficult dilemmas which will in particular occur in case of a protracted hunger strike. In anticipation of expected loss of judgement capacities in protracted hunger strikers it is advisable that the wishes of the striker and the professional policy that the physician will adopt are written down. In case of hunger strike legal standards cannot fully replace psychological insight, professional ethics and conscience, however.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed2000

Legal issues affecting confidentiality and informed consent in reproductive health.

The law governing confidentiality and informed consent has acquired unique characteristics in the area of reproductive health, as a consequence of both the establishment of a constitutional right to privacy in reproductive health matters and the reaction of those politically and morally opposed to the exercise of that right. The primary issues have involved: 1) the right of minors to receive reproductive health services without parental consent, which remains a political battleground; 2) laws requiring physicians to provide information to pregnant patients that is intended, not to inform them of the risks and benefits of the procedure, but to discourage them from obtaining abortions; 3) coerced and prohibited sterilizations; 4) court-ordered contraception and procedures to protect the fetus; and 5) restrictions on counseling about abortion, contraception, sterilization, and other reproductive health services authorized by state conscience or noncompliance clauses that shield such restrictions from the usual ethical, medical, and legal rules governing informed consent. The last area is of profound significance to the ability of women to make informed decisions about their reproductive health options. In the current economic environment, which fuels mergers and acquisitions involving sectarian and nonsectarian institutions, women are increasingly being put at risk as a result of such restrictions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The precautionary principle and the obligation of medical action].

Since Antiquity, medicine has been based upon the principle of prudence. In recent years, the principle of precaution has stolen over the medical conscience and has especially been forced on doctors under pressure from a Society searching for a new Holy Grail; the utopia of zero risk and the fear for magical power of an omnipotent medicine. The principle of precaution should be capable of warding off all these evils of techno-scientific progress applied to Health. Thus, in a few years, a new norm has established itself first for the environment but which has today extended to the domain of medical decisions. It is essential that the medical authorities attract the attention of politics and of the judiciary to the dangers of blindly transposing the principle of precaution in ecology to the world of medicine. The risks of deviation are numerous, the eventual perverse effects would be detrimental to patients and health security would be endangered by paralysis and conservatism. Medicine is neither the Art of Curing nor the Art of not Harming, ... it is the Art of Caring! ...

Defensive Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Ethics education in medical schools: the role of jurists.

Ethical thinking has always existed in the area of medicine. The oldest law case has known human experiment difficulties, but this comes from the doctor. The power of the practitioner relies on the lack of medical knowledge of the patient and often in practice, on the lack of information for the patient. The doctor has ethical difficulties when he considers the patient and the solution, in fact is dependent on his conscience. With the various medical discoveries, the doctor can create life (assisted procreation), manipulate life (gene therapy) and suppress life (abortion, suppression of frozen embroyos). These discoveries have increased the necessity for ethical reflection. Ethics committees have been created at local level (as part of special establishments or departments) rather than at national and international levels. The scope of the stakes (the development of the human race) give to this ethical reflection a multidisciplinary approach. There is a general tendency for the influence of law in these fields. Therefore, the jurist has a more and more important place on these ethics committees. Actually, the interaction from ethics to law is frequent. Also during legal proceedings, a jurist has and will have more and more need of a medical assessor. So, cooperation is necessary between doctors and jurists. The teaching of ethics in medical schools by the jurist can be important because it will recall the humanist mission of the doctor. The jurist must be able to increase the medical professions' awareness of essential notions such as respect for the fundamental rights of the human being.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

[Man and animal from the ethical view]

This review over the books, articles in Journals and newspapers in 1996 and 1997 reports about the development in the field of man-animal- and man-nature-relations. The review considers the following themes: development, trends and perspectives, philosophy, theology, eco-ethics, legal questions, animal experimentation, freedom of research, teaching and conscience, farm animals, hunting and fishing, zoo and circus, bio-technology, violence, killing, vegetarism and dignity of creatures. The review includes a bibliography with about 300 quatoations.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Forensic neuropsychology in the aging and the dementias].

INTRODUCTION. Forensic Neuropsychology establishes an expert valuation of the brain-injured patient (or supposed), or of the law offender people (or supposed) requiring law protection due to their illness. This discipline has a fundamental role in the study of cerebral organic syndromes, particularly in the dementias. DEVELOPMENT. The demential syndrome is common to a group of diseases as degenerative or cardiovascular disorders, brain tumors, syphilis, alcoholism or toxic factors, etc. When speaking of dementia we refer to a syndrome characterized by a progressive and global deterioration of the cognitive functions (memory, language, attention, space-temporal orientation, praxis, thinking, etc.) with preservation of the level of conscience (DSM-IV). This symptomatology affects the personality of the individual as reasonable being , as well as to his behavior and social adaptation. The decrease or loss of the intellectual and volitives abilities of the affected person of a demential syndrome, if it is permanent, also implies a change in its legal situation, since its legal capacity is altered. Therefore, it will be necessary to adopt protective measures for his person and his patrimony. Even if it is necessary, to promote a process of disability, whose sentence will be emitted by a judge, who will indicate: the degree of the mentioned disability, the trusteeship regime and who is designated as a legal tutor.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Reproductive health services and the law and ethics of conscientious objection.

Reproductive health services address contraception, sterilization and abortion, and new technologies such as gamete selection and manipulation, in vitro fertilization and surrogate motherhood. Artificial fertility control and medically assisted reproduction are opposed by conservative religions and philosophies, whose adherents may object to participation. Physicians' conscientious objection to non-lifesaving interventions in pregnancy have long been accepted. Nurses' claims are less recognized, allowing nonparticipation in abortions but not refusal of patient preparation and aftercare. Objections of others in health-related activities, such as serving meals to abortion patients and typing abortion referral letters, have been disallowed. Pharmacists may claim refusal rights over fulfilling prescriptions for emergency (post-coital) contraceptives and drugs for medical (i.e. non-surgical) abortion. This paper addresses limits to conscientious objection to participation in reproductive health services, and conditions to which rights of objection may be subject. Individuals have human rights to freedom of religious conscience, but institutions, as artificial legal persons, may not claim this right.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2000

A case for user charges in public hospitals.

The present decline in per capita expenditure on health in Saudi Arabia requires private funding to reduce pressure of health expenditure on the government budget. User charges would be an important source of revenue in the Kingdom where services cannot be cut and taxes are not imposed. User charges in public facilities would curtail over-utilization and reduce inefficient use of resources by providing a link between financial responsibility and the provision of services. The financial implication facing patients would encourage them to be more cost-conscience, and therefore their physicians would be encouraged to limit practices such as over prescribing drugs and the use of highly specialized diagnostic procedures for routine investigation or minor illnesses. Lack of economic incentives have led to a lack of concern for the cost of medical care. User charges would not only encourage both consumers and providers to be cost-conscious, but would raise revenue to ease pressure on the health budget, combat moral hazards and assert priorities. However, to be effective, and in order to make a serious impact on the health system, user charges must be extended to all government sectors and specialist hospitals and charges must be high enough to discourage inappropriate use of services.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Special report: Caribbean's HIV epidemic. New partnership will try to reduce infections, deaths.

While the conscience of industrialized nations are awakening to the AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, most people, even in the United States, are unaware that the Caribbean has the world's second-highest prevalence of HIV infection. A new Pan-Caribbean Partnership, formed earlier this year, is designed to bring attention to the Caribbean's HIV epidemic, and it will help Caribbean governments and organizations meet the challenges of treating HIV-infected people and preventing HIV infection.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Correlation between diagnostic hypothesis and result of cranial computed axial tomography].

The use of computed axial tomography (CT) in the investigation of neurologic disorders is attractive for its disponibility in the health services. However, the indications of the exam and the correlation with the clinical features has not been frequently studied. We study correlation between the requests of CT and the findings reported by the radiologist, in 367 exams performed from 07/1995 to 07/ 1996. The mean age was 31.7 +/- 22.9 years. The CT were requested in decrescent order of frequency by the Services of Neurology (36.2%), Emergency room (17.4%), Pediatric Neurology (16.9%) and Internal Medicine (5.9%). The CT was more indicated in cases of seizures (30%), headache (26.2%), motor impairment (20.2%) and reduction of conscience level (16.9%). The main hypothetic diagnosis were "to discard anatomic lesions" (9.0%), not specified stroke (8.2%) and neurocisticercosis (8.2%). The result of the CT was normal in 50.4% of the exams specially those requested in cases of headache (94.4%), seizures (71.4%) and "to discard anatomic lesions"(66.7%). The more frequently CT abnormalities were hydrocephalus (5.4%), ischemic stroke (5.4%) and neoplasm (3.5%) The greatest rates of correlation were among those to discard anatomic lesions (66,7%), hydrocephalus (50%), ischemic stroke (50%) and hematoma (50%). We concluded that CT is more helpful if more clinical data is provided in the request form, so aiding the radiologist in the final report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Health education of the clergy. The case of the Conciliar Seminary of Seville in the 1898 crisis].

The objective of the present article is to study health education that Sevillian seminarians (apprentice priests) received in the third part of the nineteenth century. The introduction in the seminary of courses on Natural History, Physiology and Health (courses intended to inculcate a moral-hygienic conscience and reinforce the Catholic doctrine, antidarwinism, etc.) was preceded by increasing social awareness of the concept of health. These circumstances, together with the Church's perception of the crisis of the end of the century, conditioned the particular interpretation of that crisis.

Catholicism↗