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PubMed2001

Alaska Natives assessing the health of their environment.

The changes in Alaska's ecosystems caused by pollution, contaminants and global climate change are negatively impacting Alaska Natives and rural residents who rely on natural resources for food, culture and community identity. While Alaska commerce has contributed little to these global changes and impacts, Alaska and its resources are nonetheless affected by the changes. While Alaska Natives have historically relied on Alaska's land, water and animals for survival and cultural identity, today their faith in the safety and quality of these resources has decreased. Alaska Natives no longer believe that these wild resources are the best and many are turning to alternative store-bought foods. Such a change in diet and activity may be contributing to a decline in traditional activities and a decline in general health. Contaminants are showing up in the animals, fish and waters that Alaska Natives use. Efforts need to be expanded to empower Alaska Native Tribes to collect and analyze local wild foods for various contaminants. In addition existing information on contaminants and pollution should be made readily available to Alaska residents. Armed with this type of information Alaska Native residents will be better prepared to make informed decisions on using wild foods and materials.

Alaska↗
PubMed2002

Real-time management of IT.

The ability to successfully manage information technology-driven transformations of work processes into value--which has always been a critical requirement yet often a huge disappointment--is now becoming a main ingredient of success in all industries, including healthcare. This article prescribes management dimensions that healthcare leaders should focus on to improve their ability to manage and derive value from the re-invented work flow, especially the highly visible opportunities offered by e-commerce and the consumer movement.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2002

Lessons learned from a telehomecare project.

This article provides an update on the results of the Telehomecare Project, a demonstration funded by the US Department of Commerce through its Technology Opportunity Program. The goal of the project was to demonstrate and evaluate the use of telephone-based information technology (IT) in the provision of home health services. This effort was described in the August, 1999 (vol. 18, no. 8) issue of CARING.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meeting the challenge of continuing education with eLearning.

For many of us, the concept of "e" anything invokes a sense of skepticism and even dread. However, the Web and all it has to offer is certainly an integral part of modern life and, once reconciled, offers great opportunities for commerce and knowledge building. One particular area of promise is that of online learning or "eLearning" as it is referred to in the literature. Particularly for sonographers and technologists, the ability to travel to seminars and conferences on hospital budgets and time is a distant memory. Conversely, the pressure to stay current with CE requirements is greater than ever. With the growing phenomena of accreditation and the use of that as standard for quality care, these staff members are under more pressure than ever to maintain their certification. There is also the issue of accountability. What is being done to track employee training and assist in on-going development? How do we know that the program was appropriate for that particular employee and that an adequate ROI was achieved from a learning perspective? With eLearning, the opportunity to track the employee's progress, scores and areas of interest are possible. This can assist the administrator in "managing" the learning within the group and taking an active role in the development of the staff. The ultimate eLearning experience provides the right content at the right time. It motivates people to learn and apply their knowledge and skills to improve their individual and organizational performance. This is achieved by providing learners with easy and immediate access to the content. The design elements of the site should include a friendly format that facilitates easy navigation through the content. Other helpful features are: book-marking that allows the student to return to the last page studied, interactivity, visualization technologies, and feedback throughout the learning experience. The opportunities for the utilization of eLearning in the global medical community are remarkable. eLearning facilitates learning at anytime and anywhere. It reduces the obstacles of time and distance, providing greater equality of opportunity.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2002

A dynamic level IV multimedia environmental model: application to the fate of polychlorinated biphenyls in the United Kingdom over a 60-year period.

A dynamic or level IV multimedia model is described and illustrated by application to the fate of three polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the United Kingdom over a 60-year period from their introduction into commerce until the present. Models of this type are shown to be valuable for elucidating the time response of environmental systems to increasing, decreasing, or pulse inputs. The suggestion is made that in addition to the outputs of time-dependent concentrations (which can be compared with monitoring data for validation purposes), it is useful to examine masses, fugacities, and fugacity ratios between media? The relative importance of processes is best evaluated by compiling cumulative intermedia fluxes and quantities lost by reaction and advection and examining the corresponding process rate constants or their reciprocals, the characteristic times. The suggestion is made that uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are desirable, but it must be appreciated that relative sensitivities of input parameters may change during the simulation period, so a single sensitivity analysis conducted at one point in time can be misleading. The use of the model for forecasting future trends in concentration is illustrated. Given the uncertainties in emission and advective inflow rates, the simulation of PCB fate in the United Kingdom is regarded as showing time trends that are in satisfactory agreement with monitoring data.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1975

The ophthalmologist's office: planning and practice. Location of practice.

A majority of positive responses to the questions posed in this chapter offers the comforting prospect of a wise and potentially successful decision in selecting the location of a practice. (Local Chambers of Commerce usually offer very useful information in answer to the nonmedical questions.) Finally, it should be remembered that this decision is a joint one-the ophthalmologist's spouse and children (if they are old enough) should be involved as much as possible. If they are happy, the intangible rewards will be inestimable.

Economics↗
PubMed2000

Internet resources for dentistry: computer, Internet, reference, and sites for enhancing personal productivity of the dental professional.

At the onset of the new millennium the Internet has become the new standard means of distributing information. In the last two to three years there has been an explosion of e-commerce with hundreds of new web sites being created every minute. For most corporate entities, a web site is as essential as the phone book listing used to be. Twenty years ago technologist directed how computer-based systems were utilized. Now it is the end users of personal computers that have gained expertise and drive the functionality of software applications. The computer, initially invented for mathematical functions, has transitioned from this role to an integrated communications device that provides the portal to the digital world. The Web needs to be used by healthcare professionals, not only for professional activities, but also for instant access to information and services "just when they need it." This will facilitate the longitudinal use of information as society continues to gain better information access skills. With the demand for current "just in time" information and the standards established by Internet protocols, reference sources of information may be maintained in dynamic fashion. News services have been available through the Internet for several years, but now reference materials such as online journals and digital textbooks have become available and have the potential to change the traditional publishing industry. The pace of change should make us consider Will Rogers' advice, "It isn't good enough to be moving in the right direction. If you are not moving fast enough, you can still get run over!" The intent of this article is to complement previous articles on Internet Resources published in this journal, by presenting information about web sites that present information on computer and Internet technologies, reference materials, news information, and information that lets us improve personal productivity. Neither the author, nor the Journal endorses any of the sites or products listed, but include these references and links as a matter of convenience for its readers.

Dentistry↗
PubMed1996

Registration and reregistration application fees. Final rule; remanded for further notice and comment.

On October 6, 1992, Congress passed the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1993, Pub. L. No. 102-395, 106 Stat. 1828 (1992) (codified at 21 U.S.C. 886a) (Act). In section 886a(3) of this Act, Congress directed that "fees charged by the DEA under its Diversion Control Program (DCP) shall be set at a level that ensures the recovery of the full costs of operating the various aspects of the (diversion control) program." On December 18, 1992, DEA published its proposal to adjust the existing registration fee schedule. 57 FR 60,148. After notice and comment, DEA published a Final Rule on March 22, 1993, setting the new registration fees. 58 FR 15,272. Following publication of the final rule, a complaint was filed by the American Medical Association (AMA) and others in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. On July 5, 1994, the district court issued its final order granting the government's motion for summary judgment, and thus disposed of all claims with respect to all parties. American Medical Association v. Reno, 857 F. Supp. 80 (D.D.C. 1994). The AMA appealed. On June 27, 1995, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued its decision holding that DEA's rulemaking was inadequate and that the rule must be remanded, without being vacated, to the DEA for further proceedings in which DEA provides both an opportunity for meaningful notice and comment on, and an explanation of, the components of the diversion control program. 57 F.3d 1129 (D.C. Cir. 1995) On August 29, 1995, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit remanded this action to the district court with instructions. On November 22, 1995, the District Court remanded the matter to DEA for proceedings consistent with the opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. This document responds to that requirement and provides a description of the components of the fee-funded diversion control program.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed2002

Serving the world's poor, profitably.

By stimulating commerce and development at the bottom of the economic pyramid, multi-nationals could radically improve the lives of billions of people and help create a more stable, less dangerous world. Achieving this goal does not require MNCs to spearhead global social-development initiatives for charitable purposes. They need only act in their own self-interest. How? The authors lay out the business case for entering the world's poorest markets. Fully 65% of the world's population earns less than $2,000 per year--that's 4 billion people. But despite the vastness of this market, it remains largely untapped. The reluctance to invest is easy to understand, but it is, by and large, based on outdated assumptions of the developing world. While individual incomes may be low, the aggregate buying power of poor communities is actually quite large, representing a substantial market in many countries for what some might consider luxury goods like satellite television and phone services. Prices, and margins, are often much higher in poor neighborhoods than in their middle-class counterparts. And new technologies are already steadily reducing the effects of corruption, illiteracy, inadequate infrastructure, and other such barriers. Because these markets are in the earliest stages of economic development, revenue growth for multi-nationals entering them can be extremely rapid. MNCs can also lower costs, not only through low-cost labor but by transferring operating efficiencies and innovations developed to serve their existing operations. Certainly, succeeding in such markets requires MNCs to think creatively. The biggest change, though, has to come from executives: Unless business leaders confront their own preconceptions--particularly about the value of high-volume, low-margin businesses--companies are unlikely to master the challenges or reap the rewards of these developing markets.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2002

Online referrals one way capitated groups gain efficiencies, reduce errors.

An online referral system is just the latest money and time-saving tool in the e-commerce arsenal at Hill Physicians Medical Group. Using a modified version of Healinx Corp.'s secure e-mail messaging platform, Hill is testing a custom-made online referral system at two primary care practices that appear to be helping the practice boost its bottom line under capitation.

California↗
PubMed1988

Mother and Unborn Baby Care v. State, 11 May 1988.

The State charged the defendant antiabortion organization with violation of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act in advertising under abortion groups in the yellow pages. The Court upheld a lower court decision enjoining deceptive conduct, mandating certain disclosures, and assessing penalties. It rejected the defendant's argument that it was not involved in trade or commerce and, thus, was not subject to the Act. As support for its decision, the Court pointed to the defendant's advertising in the yellow pages and provision of pregnancy testing, counseling, financial assistance, aid in adoption procedures, and help in obtaining legal aid.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

Updating small area population estimates in England and Wales.

"Population estimates have important implications for resource allocation within government and commerce, and are often assumed to be without error. Currently, central government provides annual population estimates for all the local and health authority districts in Britain, but estimates are needed for smaller areas, typically for electoral wards and postal sectors. Small area estimates are provided by some local authorities and commercial organizations, using different methods; the accuracy of these estimates is modelled here within a multilevel framework. Certain characteristics of the small area and of the method of estimation are included as explanatory variables. Results show that the method of estimation used is of great importance."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1990

Population movement in Zhejiang province, China: the impact of government policies.

"China's urbanization policies include strict control of permanent migration to large cities, but encourage the growth of small cities and towns. Concurrently, temporary migration is widely permitted as a way to stimulate commerce. Data for Zhejiang province indicate that permanent mobility is largely directed toward urban places, that towns gain more than cities and that rural areas experience migration losses. Permanent migrants to urban places are selective of the better educated. Temporary migration is also urban directed but greater in volume than permanent migration, and places considerable strain on urban infrastructure. Government policies are a key to understanding the migration streams and migrant characteristics. The considerable net movement into cities suggests that strict control of city growth is more difficult to achieve than envisaged by policymakers." This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 55, No. 3, Fall 1989, p. 386).

Asia↗
PubMed1994

House subcommittee rejects effort to remove abortion coverage.

On May 12, (1994) a subcommittee of the House Education and Labor Committee voted 16-11 in support of retaining abortion coverage in the President's proposed health care plan. With its vote, the Labor/Management Relations subcommittee rejected an amendment by Representative Ron Klink (D-PA), which would have allowed insurers to cover abortions only in cases of forcible rape or incest, or life endangerment. Two Republican Representatives joined 14 Democrats voting against the amendment, while 3 Democratic Representatives were among the 11 people supporting the Klink amendment. The subcommittee also defeated an amendment introduced by Representative Dick Armey (R-TX), which would have prohibited any language in a health care reform bill from overruling constitutional state laws restricting abortion. 14 subcommittee members voted against the Armey amendment; 11 voted in favor. The subcommittee is not expected to act on a final health care measure before the Memorial Day recess. In related news, a Veterans' Affairs House subcommittee voted 11-8 on May 11 to prohibit the performance of abortions at Department of Veterans' Affairs Hospitals or the coverage of abortion services by VA funds. The amendment was introduced in the Hospitals and Health Care subcommittee by Representative Chris Smith (R-NJ). Neither subcommittee action represents a final decision on abortion coverage in health care reform and none of the 5 Congressional committees considering health reform is expected to finalize their proposals before the Memorial Day recess. The Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee and the House Ways and Means Committee started work on health care reform on May 18. The Senate Finance Committee has only been meeting privately thus far, while neither the full House Education and Labor Committee nor the House Energy and Commerce Committee has met.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

[Haikou issues circular on planned parenthood].

The Organization Department of the Haikou Municipal CCP Committee, the municipal grain, finance, commerce, education bureau, personnel, public security, labor, civil affairs, public health, and housing bureaus, supply and marketing cooperative, and planned parenthood office recently issued a joint circular on implementing the provincial planned parenthood regulations. The circular demanded that the marriage registration and census system be seriously implemented. When people are registering for marriage, we must teach them to have only 1 child. We must give priority in housing and employment to an only child and his parents. When commercial, supply, and marketing departments are distributing coupons for fuel, and nonstaple food, they should supply a double amount to the only child. We must carry out serious health care for an only child and give them regular physical check-ups. When they are ill, hospitals should give them priority in registration, treatment, reservation of beds and medicines. The circular reiterated: We must seriously implement the stipulations on rewards and punishments contained in the provincial planned parenthood regulations. Cadres, staff, or workers who apply to have only 1 child must be given lump sums in addition to enjoying the relevant rewards stipulated by the regulations. Cadres, staff, workers, inhabitants, and commune workers who depend on state grain who violate the regulations must be punished according to the regulation. As for those who have 3 or more than 3 children, a 2nd child without planning, or an illegitimate child, the child's grain ration will be sold at negotiated price up to the age of 14. The grain department will distribute to them a supply ticket for negotiated price grain to buy grain in assigned grain shops.

Asia↗
PubMed1987

Decision on family planning, 7 January 1987.

On 1 January 1987 the Gansu provincial party committee and government issued a Decision on family planning: "The Decision demands that the party committees and government at all levels assign family planning work an important place on their agenda and get a good and tight grasp of it. They must step up family planning propaganda. Beginning this year, the planning commissions and finance departments at all levels must list the task of capital construction for the family planning departments, and assign it a certain amount of investment. It is necessary to establish family planning committee organs, put them on a sound basis, and assign them good leadership groups, to ensure that all family planning work is carried out well. The decision demands that the public health, civil affair, pharmaceutical, and industry and commerce departments regard making a success of family planning work as their own important task and grasp it for a long time to come to ensure that Gansu's population will register proportional and planned growth."

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Evaluating the prevalence, content and readability of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) web pages on the internet.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is growing rapidly. As CAM is relatively unregulated, it is important to evaluate the type and availability of CAM information. The goal of this study is to deter-mine the prevalence, content and readability of online CAM information based on searches for arthritis, diabetes and fibromyalgia using four common search engines. Fifty-eight of 599 web pages retrieved by a "condition search" (9.6%) were CAM-oriented. Of 216 CAM pages found by the "condition" and "condition + herbs" searches, 78% were authored by commercial organizations, whose pur-pose involved commerce 69% of the time and 52.3% had no references. Although 98% of the CAM information was intended for consumers, the mean read-ability was at grade level 11. We conclude that consumers searching the web for health information are likely to encounter consumer-oriented CAM advertising, which is difficult to read and is not supported by the conventional literature.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS awareness among undergraduate students, Maharashtra.

Total 313 undergraduate students (132 males and 181 females) of the colleges of Nashik and Talegaon of Maharashtra were surveyed regard awareness about AIDS. Most of the students knew about AIDs and tests available. They were aware that people indulging sexually promiscuous relations are at risk of AIDS. But the fact that it is transmitted by infected blood and from infected mother to child was not widely known, particularly among Arts students. Some misconceptions regarding modes of transmission were observed among few students, like social kissing, sharing utensils/personal items, using common swimming pools and insect bite spread infection. Attitude towards HIV infected/AIDS patients were not sympathetic. Overall knowledge of Science students were better compared to commerce and Arts students. Confusion about mode of transmission and prevention of the disease exist. Scope of health education for these students was well felt.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗