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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Individual sensitivity of cilia. A simple in vitro test method].

A simple patient-related method is described that determines the effect of toxic substances on the ciliary activity of human nasal cilia cells. The method is suitable for investigating and numerically determining substance-specific toxicity and individual sensitivity even between patients of different states of health. This is illustrated by the example of two preservatives introduced in human medicine: chlorhexidine and merthiolate.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural analysis of the mouse nasal septum. Respiratory cilia prior to an after birth. A quantitative freeze-fracture study.

Respiratory cilia of mice from 3 days prior to birth till 21 days after birth were examined by freeze-fracture preparations for the determination of the frequency and size of the intramembranous particles (IMPs). Dependent on the age of the animals different numbers and sizes of IMPs were found. A significant drop in total number of IMPs in all diameter classes was most evident from the 19th day of gestation to the 20th day (1 day prior to birth), followed by a marked rise between embryonal day 20 and the 1st postnatal day. The results were discussed with regard to morphological and functional changes in the respiratory system prior to and after birth.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

[What is established in the immotile cilia syndrome?].

For the first time in 1975 ultrastructural defects of the sperm tail and the cilia of the respiratory tract were recognized as causing male sterility and chronic bronchitis. A spectrum of ultrastructural defects leading to a restricted mucociliary clearance and chronic bronchitis was found by further investigations. Whereas genetically determined primary structural defects appear generally, secondary ciliary changes caused by chronic infections are found sporadically and not bound to a fixed pattern. Congenital and acquired specific ciliary alterations in the tubulin-dynein-system should be distinguished from nonspecific acquired alterations. A summary of the presently known ultrastructural changes is illustrated by findings of the authors.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1987

Abnormalities of cilia and chronic sinusitis.

An ultrastructural study was performed on 34 biopsy samples of the sinusal mucosa in 28 patients who were investigated for chronic sinusitis. Twelve specimens with normoplastic sinusitis and eighteen with hyperplastic sinusitis were studied. Four normal specimens served as controls. The incidence of ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities was 2%. Morphological changes of dynein arms have not been observed in the present study. Compound cilia were found in approximately 2/3 of the studied cases. Microtubular abnormalities occurred in roughly 50%. The observed abnormalities, also seen in the control group, were independent on the sinusitis type and could not been correlated with mucociliary transport. Their significance is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Interactions between spermatozoa and the crypts, cilia, and mucus of the cervix in the ewe.

In ruminants, minor cervical folds, commonly called crypts, temporarily store spermatozoa for a short interval of time between insemination and fertilization. However, the mechanism by which spermatozoa are transported to these crypts and subsequently to the uterus is not known. To study this problem, cervical tissue, which was removed from ewes that were naturally inseminated by rams at estrus, was examined with the scanning electron microscope to determine the physical associations that occur between the spermatozoa and the structural features of the cervix. The study indicates that the spermatozoa generally are not oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cervix, exhibit no consistent association with the cervical cilia, and do not lie in any well defined channels formed by the cervical secretions. Alternatively, the majority of spermatozoa occur as isolated aggregations that lie in or near the shallow folds or crypts of the cervix. The vast numbers of spermatozoa in these aggregations and the lack of any common orientation suggest that some form of external stimulus, such as cervical contractions, might be responsible for the initial mass movement and distribution of spermatozoa in the cervix of the ewe.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Polypeptide gp95. A unique glycoprotein of olfactory cilia with transmembrane receptor properties.

Polypeptide gp95 is a major glycoprotein present in preparations of isolated ciliary extensions from frog olfactory sensory neurons (Chen, Z., and Lancet, D. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1859-1863). We report here that gp95 is distinct among the ciliary polypeptides in having several properties that make it a plausible receptor candidate: it is specific to olfactory cilia, it has the appropriate bilayer density, and it is a transmembrane protein. Polypeptide gp95 has a uniquely high content of complex type oligosaccharides compared to other ciliary glycoproteins, a property which is used for its partial purification and can also serve as a probe for functional identification. The present biochemical characterization of frog gp95 and of its putative homologs from other species may open the way to a future assignment of its role in chemosensory reception.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cilia in rat articular chondrocytes.

The cilia ultrastructural characteristics of chondrocytes from articular cartilage during its prenatal development were studied. It was established that these structures are not rare in electron microscopic observation of cartilage. They appear in the early stages of differentiation of the mesenchymal cells into chondroblasts. Ultrastructurally they show no differences during all periods of development. In some of the tangential layer cells of the newly formed articular cartilage were discover elements of more than one cillium in the same cell. It was also established that these structures project from parts of the cell presenting well developed Golgy complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cilia injury during virus infection in chickens.

The reduction of mucociliary clearance in the Newcastle disease virus-B infected nasal turbinate in chickens is mainly due to ciliary pathology, decrease of the number of cilia and of the ciliary beat frequency.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Different axoneme patterns in cilia and flagella of the same animal.

In eel fish ependymal cilia have a '9 + 2' axoneme with doublets bearing two dynein arms, while sperm flagella have a '9 + 0' axoneme, with doublets bearing only the row of inner arms. On this basis, the possibility that in the same animal a different genetic system regulates the flagellar and ciliary axoneme assembly is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ciliary abnormalities in children (hockey-stick cilia). Study by scanning electron microscope. Report on three paediatric cases.

The authors report three cases of patients suffering from repeated infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Mucociliary clearance, measured in the nasal fossae by coloured indicators, is reduced. Both transmission and scanning electronic ultramicroscopic study of the vibratile cilia show a morphological malformation of "hockey-stick" appearance, while the structure of the exonemal microtubular apparatus is normal and complete. This morphological ciliary abnormality is held to be responsible for the respiratory pathology in the three cases observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Importance of the immotile cilia syndrome in E.N.T. field].

Associated with nasal secretion, the ciliary activity establish the first line of defense of respiratory mucosa. The primary pathology of the ciliary structures is not well known. Correlated with testing of the mucociliary transport, only the ultrastructural study could open this very interesting field. With a short review of the present status of the ineffective mucociliary clearance mechanisms, 9 new cases of immotile cilia syndrome, with or without situs inversus, are studied. Actually, the following anomalies seems to be significant : lack of one or two dyneïn arms, confusion of the central doublets' axis, ciliary roots anomalies. Despite that more information is needed, a good knowledge of this genetic errors is henceforth necessary for clinical and therapeutical applications especially to avoid undue surgical treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Membranous sacs associated with cilia of Paramecium.

A membranous system associated with the cortical cilia of Paramecium putrinum is described. A sac lies below the cortical kinetosomes and extensions from it pass along the kinetodesmal fibre to lie near, or make contact with, the parsomal sac and also pass deep into the cytoplasm to pass close to a mitochondrion. Because of its widespread occurrence in this and other species it is suggested that the system plays a physiologically active role.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Injury of cilia induced by tracheal tube cuffs.

Eighteen mongrel dogs underwent endotracheal intubation with large residual volume, low pressure cuffs. The cuffs were inflated at 20 centimeters of water for a period of four hours. Mucociliary clearance studies and tracheal biopsies were performed immediately following, and three, seven and 14 days after, cuff deflation. Severe ciliary injury was observed on scanning electron micrographs examined immediately and three days after cuff deflation, even though the cuffs were inflated at extremely low pressure for short periods. An appreciable delay in mucociliary clearance was shown to correlate directly with the severity of histologic injury. The morphologic and functional alterations in the cilia due to compression were completely reversible after two weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Transitory ultrastructural abnormalities of cilia.

We report a patient with chronic respiratory tract disease and ultrastructural abnormalities of nasal cilia at first interpreted as being consistent with a primary ciliary defect. Subsequent sampling of nasal ciliated epithelium from the same area failed to reveal the defects of structure. Abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure found on a single occasion, especially in the presence of acute inflammation, should be interpreted with caution.

Child↗
PubMed1980

The growth and cilia-stopping effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum 1RF in chicken tracheal organ cultures.

The growth and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma gallisepticum 1RF were studied in chicken tracheal organ cultures. The organism propagated only in the presence of tracheal rings in culture fluids. Presence of metabolic products from rings seems to be an important factor for the growth of organism. Production of hydrogen peroxide was not detected. There were no differences in the growth and cilia-stopping effects among organisms maintained in vitro, stored at -18 degrees C, and recovered from air sac, trachea and joints of infected chickens. No local resistance in tracheal organs from immunised chickens was found. The tracheal organ culture system can readily be used for drug evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Atypical cilia of the human endometrial epithelium.

We suggest that human endometrial ciliated cells represent a developmental overlap with the uterine tube epithelium and that the high incidence of ciliary abnormality is related to the relatively high turnover rate caused by menstruation. Abnormal cilia appear to be due to a defect of ciliogenesis probably occurring after the formation of the basal bodies.

Adult↗