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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pressure recordings in patients with femoral fractures in cast-braces and suggestions for treatment.

Five patients with femoral-shaft fractures were treated by cast-brace application and early ambulation. As fracture healing progressed, pressures between the thigh and the cast were recorded with the patients lying still, contracting the quadriceps while lying down, and in four weight-bearing postures. Control results were gained by application of a second cast-brace to three of the patients when they had recovered completely. Resting pressures averaging sixteen millimeters of mercury were recorded under the whole cast. Much higher values were recorded under the proximal two-thirds of the cast, and these increased as healing proceeded. Removal of the hip hinge, thereby eliminating fixed abduction, reduced pressure recordings significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Experiences with the Sarmiento-cast].

The patella-tendon-bearing cast described by Sarmiento was used in the treatment of 96 tibial fractures. Full weight-bearing was permitted even if the fractures were completely unstable and had a marked tendency to shorten. Only in one case weight-bearing led to a dislocation of the fragments. Specific complications were not seen. It was evident that the PTB-cast was most advantageous to the patient in comparison with a conventional cast and sometimes even in comparison with an osteosynthesis, which does not tolerate weight-bearing. To integrate the Sarmiento-cast in the routine of a small or middle sized hospital, we recommend to observe the following rules: 1. The cast is not applied immediately after the accident, but after one to three weeks of conventional conservative treatment. 2. It is made by two specially trained doctors. 3. The controls of the out-patients are performed in the hospital and not delegated to the family doctor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Total contact casting in diabetic patients with neuropathic foot ulcerations.

This study investigated total contact casting in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcerations and factors affecting the rate of ulcer healing. Twenty-two diabetic patients with foot ulcerations were rated on the basis of age, weight, ulcer size, and ulcer grade. After treatment with total contact casting, 16 patients (72.7%) healed in an average of 38.3 days, 3 refused treatment, 1 developed a small tibial ulceration, and the remainder were discontinued due to excessive edema. A significant (p less than 0.01) t test for differences between means was calculated comparing ulcer duration prior to casting to healing rate during casting. All patient variables were intercorrelated, and significant (p less than 0.01) intercorrelations among patient variables were as follows: age with grade, 0.58; grade with healing time, 0.49; size with healing time, 0.50; age with ulcer size, 0.36; weight with ulcer size, 0.37; age with healing time, 0.32. A multiple correlation of 0.69 (p less than 0.01) was found for age, grade, size, and weight with healing time. Ulcer grade and size contributed most directly to the total multiple correlation; age contributed equally to size, grade, and healing time; and weight contributed primarily to ulcer size. These results suggest the following: 1) total contact casting is an extremely valuable method of treatment for diabetic foot ulcerations, and 2) when using this treatment technique associated factors (ulcer size, ulcer grade, patient age, patient weight) may be utilized to help predict patient healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Cast structures and mechanical properties of Ir added to Ag-based alloys. (Part 1) (author's transl)].

The effect of very small quantity of Ir added to pure Agb or Ab-based casting alloys on the mechanical properties were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile test, XMA (electron probe micro analysis) and electrical resistivity measurement. 1) An addition of 0.005% Ir to pure Ag caused grain refinement, increased elongation, yield point, tensile strength. However, the refinement effect did not proportionally increase to the amount of additional Ir. 2) An addition of Ir to Ag alloy containing 7% Cu caused to finely dispersed beta phase in the as cast alloy and degraded the dendrite structure. As a result, homogenization and aging were accelerated. Mechanical properties i. e. elongation, yield point and tensile strength increased in castings and homogeneous state and yield point increased in aging state. The addition of about 0.05% Ir appeared optimum. 3) An addition of Ir to an Ag alloy containing 15% Cu caused grain refinement of the alloy as cast but its effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy was not clarified owing to casting defects. 4) 0.05% Ir added to an Ag alloy containing 20% Pd and 7% Cu did not show an apparent refinement effect. The optimum quantity of Ir is assumed to differ depending on the amount of Pd content.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Shortening and angulation of femoral shaft fractures treated by cast brace application and early ambulation.

Twenty-eight patients with femoral shaft fractures were treated by early three piece cast brace application and ambulation. Unacceptable femoral shortening occurred in the first week after cast brace application in seven cases. When bony union occurred, shortening did not exceed length lost from telescoping. Fracture alignment either remained unaltered or changed to varus in response to weight-bearing on the third or fourth day after cast brace application. Fractures aligned in either valgus or varus in excess of 5 degrees while the patient was lying prone tended to malalign further in that direction as healing progressed. If roentgenograms obtained in the week after cast brace application demonstrate unacceptable shortening, bed rest and skeletal traction should be instituted. With the patient lying prone, if roentgenograms show coronal malalignment greater than 5 degrees, that should be corrected by thigh cast wedging.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mechanical properties of milled and cast titanium for ceramic veneering.

This study compared the mechanical properties of machine-milled pure titanium and cast titanium. The metals were cast or milled to the dimensions of a standard tensile bar pattern. Each group was treated under three different conditions: as-cast (or as-milled), standard heat, and extended heat. Tensile testing found no difference in the mechanical properties of as-cast and as-milled titanium. Heat treatment significantly increased the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength of cast titanium but had no such effects on milled titanium. There was no significant difference between the two metals in the modulus of elasticity or the percentage of elongation under the three treatment conditions.

Alloys↗
PubMed1994

[A case of suspected occupational asthma in an orthopedist, due to cast materials containing MDI].

A 38-year-old male presented complaining of an asthma attack. He had a past history of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, family history of bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. He was an orthopedist who had been using cast materials containing methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) for one year, and had developed an early asthmatic response while handling the casts. An acetylcholine inhalation test was done and his value was 20000 micrograms/ml. The scratch test for the cast materials was negative though the inhalation challenge test was positive. We suspected that the patient was suffering from bronchial asthma induced by MDI contained in the cast materials. Studies using isocyanates conjugated with human serum albumin were performed. The results were as follows: IgE-RAST negative, ELISA demonstrated the existence of specific IgG for both toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and MDI, as well as IgG4 for both TDI and MDI. The cast contained MDI but not TDI. We therefore considered TDI to be cross-reactant. It was likely that chronic exposure enhancing specific IgG4 and specific IgG might have caused the high IgG4 value. This is the first case of occupational asthma in an orthopedist due to isocyanates.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Casting with Mercox-methylmethacrylic acid mixtures causes plastic sheets on elastic arteries. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

Lungs and systemic vessels of rats were cast with Mercox, both undiluted and diluted with monomeric methylmethycrylate (MMA; v:v/4:1), and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A sheet, less than 5 microns thick, surrounded the surface of cast pulmonary arteries and the aorta, when using diluted Mercox. This envelope was absent when casts were prepared with undiluted Mercox. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of unmacerated cast arteries showed all constituents of the vascular wall. Sections of thoroughly macerated vascular casts, however, still showed elastic lamellae in the vascular wall region, whereas muscular components and endothelial lining were completely digested. It is suggested that dilution of Mercox with MMA leads to phase separation during polymerization. An unidentified compound is released which penetrates the vascular wall, and makes preferentially the elastic lamellae resistant against tissue digestion. This assumption is supported by occurrence of such covering sheaths exclusively around elastic arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Indocyanine green infrared fluorescence angiography and vascular cast--preparation in experimental choroidal circulatory disturbance].

We performed experiments in 20 monkey eyes in order to clarify basic problems about interpretation of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG angiography). We severed the temporal group of posterior ciliary arteries to produce choroidal circulatory disturbance. ICG angiography was performed immediately, and 2 days, 4 days, and 2 weeks later. Following each ICG angiography, the eye was studied by plastic vascular cast technique with scanning electron microscopy. Immediately after occlusion, ICG angiography showed filling defect in the temporal choroidal hemisphere during the early phase. In the later phase, this area was gradually filled by the dye from choroidal arteries in the nasal hemisphere and the anterior ciliary arteries. Vascular cast preparations showed filling defect in the temporal choroidal hemisphere, corresponding with the early ICG angiogaphic findings. Both filling delay in ICG angiography and filling defect in vascular casts improved daily after occlusion. Two weeks after occlusion, The area of choroidal infarct temporal to the macula turned into chorioretinal atrophy. This area showed hypofluorescence in the early-phase ICG angiography and filling defect of the choriocapillaris in plastic casts. The early-phase ICG angiographic findings thus corresponded well with observations of vascular casts. We conclude that ICG angiography correctly reflects the actual circulatory disturbances in the choroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Promoting venous return in plaster cast by AV impulse system. A preclinical study].

A new pneumatic compression pump--the AV-impulse system--causes increased return of venous blood from the lower limbs to the heart and increases total blood flow in the lower limbs by emptying the plantar venous plexus. Up to date there exist no experiences with using this system in plaster cast. We studied the maximum venous blood flow, the venous blood flow per minute and the venous diameters above the popliteal and femoral vein by duplexsonography in 12 lower limbs of 6 healthy persons before and after applying below-the-knee plaster casts. After applying the plaster cast we observed a slight increase in venous diameter (p = 0.02). By using the AV-impulse-system we observed a significant increase in maximum venous blood flow and venous blood flow per minute (p < 0.05). We demonstrated a significant increase of venous blood return in the deep veins of the lower limbs after applying a lower limb plaster cast by using the AV-impulse-system. These results indicate the possible benefit of using the AV-impulse-system as a physical method of thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic and trauma patients with plaster cast immobilisation of the leg.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cast-bracing for fractures of the femur. A preliminary report of a modified device.

The second-generation cast-brace system offers some advantages over previous systems of cast-brace treatment for fractures of the femur. Because the thigh section is adjustable, loosening of the cast-brace is not a problem. The device can be applied earlier and need not be reapplied when the girth of the thigh is reduced. Using a roller traction system, the cast-brace can also be used initially for traction and suspension without the complexity of traditional systems. With the use of commercially available plastic knee joints, special skills in alignment of the joints are not necessary, and no specially trained personnel need be on hand. The lightweight thigh section coupled to custom-fit plaster leg section, with the foot and ankle free, are less bulky than a totally plaster cast-brace with metal side joints. Walking may be begun earlier with the device, and in-patient hospital time is reduced. However, this system requires a high level of patient cooperation in that the patient is free to adjust the system himself and, therefore, the system may not be safe for application in all settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cobalt-chromium alloy surface casting on resistance to deflection fatigue and surface hardness of titanium.

This study investigated the resistance to deflection fatigue and surface hardness of grade 2 titanium bar samples to a portion of which a layer of cobalt-chromium alloy was cast under standard dental laboratory conditions. The uncovered part of the titanium bar was deflected, and the number of loading cycles required to cause a fatigue fracture in the titanium bar was recorded. The Vickers hardness of the titanium bar was measured, and the fracture surface was examined by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The number of loading cycles was considerably lower in bars with the cobalt-chromium surface cast (83 vs. 13.770 cycles) (P < .001), while the surface hardness of the titanium bar with the cobalt-chromium surface cast was higher than that without the surface cast (Vickers hardness number 329 vs. 178) (P < .001). These findings suggest that the cobalt-chromium surface cast dramatically affects the fatigue resistance of pure titanium, which should be considered when novel implant-supported prostheses made from premanufactured titanium parts are planned.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

The effect of potential investment expansion and hot strength on the fit of full crown castings made with phosphate-bonded investment.

In an earlier investigation, it was shown that when full crowns are cast in gypsum-bonded investments, their relative inaccuracy is affected by both the investment's potential expansion and its hot strength. This study repeated the earlier one, but used a high-melting gold alloy and two phosphate-bonded investments. The investments were used under conditions which gave a range of potential expansions and hot strengths. Casting inaccuracies were determined both diametrally and axially. All castings showed distortion, which varied under the different conditions. All were oversized axially, by amounts varying from + 0.8% to +2.3%. Diametral inaccuracies ranged from -0.2% to +0.7%. Investment expansion had a strong effect on axial inaccuracy, but a negligible effect on diametral inaccuracy. Conversely, hot strength had a strong effect on diametral inaccuracy, but only a very weak effect on axial inaccuracy. With phosphate-bonded investments, both potential expansion and hot strength are important parameters of relative casting inaccuracy. In combination, these properties showed very strong correlations with both diametral and axial inaccuracies. The observed distortions were the result of anisotropic mould expansion and anisotropic alloy shrinkage. The best fit, and least distortion, occurred with an investment setting under dry conditions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of investment materials on cast shrinkage of base metal alloys].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of different investment materials, methods and crown height on the cast shrinkage of full crowns made of dental base metal alloy. METHODS: All of the 288 wax patterns were made and divided into three groups according to their crown height. In every group, wax patterns were invested in metal rings and paper rings with three types investment material and cast with base metal alloys. Then the inside diameters of castings were measured and analyzed by statistical package SPSS. RESULTS: Differences between groups invested with the three types of material were significant(P < 0.01). There were significant difference between the groups investing with metal rings and paper rings(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The component of investment material and invested ring can affect the cast shrinkage of dental base metal alloy apparently.

Crowns↗
PubMed1986

Hair casts. Review and suggestion regarding nomenclature.

There are two types of hair cast. The common type is found frequently in association with parakeratotic scalp disorders. They have features allowing specific identification. They occur in children and adults of either sex. It is suggested they be called parakeratotic hair casts, as this name reflects the cause and composition of the casts. The uncommon type has specific features that are different from the common type. They are not usually associated with diseases of the scalp and have only been reported in female subjects. It is suggested they be called peripilar keratin casts, as this is the name frequently used for them. The proposed nomenclature should avoid confusion between two distinct types of hair casts that have often inappropriately been regarded as the same disorder, and which have not been previously differentiated by specific names.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Casting-type calcifications with invasion and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ: a more aggressive disease?

HYPOTHESIS: Women with breast cancer who have casting-type microcalcifications associated with multifocal invasion and extensive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) form a subset of patients with a poor prognosis. Our study aims to identify the mammographic and pathologic features of this group. DESIGN: Women with casting-type microcalcifications, multifocal invasion, and extensive DCIS were identified from our tumor board registry. Mammographic features, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival rates were evaluated. Invasive tumors were limited to 14 mm or smaller. SETTING: University medical teaching hospital and breast cancer specialty clinic. RESULTS: Of the 984 patients with breast cancer treated at our center, 15 patients were identified who had extensive casting-type calcifications and DCIS. Twelve of these patients also had multifocal invasive breast cancer. All had casting-type microcalcifications occupying more than 1 breast quadrant. All but 1 of the patients were treated using mastectomy with sentinel node biopsy or axillary node dissection. All but 1 patient had extensive grade 3 DCIS. Invasive tumors were negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression in half of the patients, and 60% were positive for the HER-2-neu receptor. Positive axillary lymph nodes were found in 33% of patients, and 75% received adjuvant chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 20.5 months (range, 6-72 months), 1 patient had died and 1 had distant metastases. Of the 3 patients who had DCIS without invasion, 1 experienced a recurrence with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: In women with small multifocal breast cancers with extensive casting calcifications and DCIS, the incidence of positive lymph nodes was 33%, with a tendency for poor tumor markers. These women appear to be at substantial risk for systemic disease; lymph node sampling and adjuvant systemic therapy are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Difference in adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast between Langmuir-Blodgett films and cast surfaces of poly (gamma-benzyL L-glutamate)/poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer.

Block copolymers consisting of poly (gamma-benzyl L-glutamate) and poly (ethylene oxide) as the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, respectively were prepared. Cell attachment onto the surfaces of block copolymers fabricated either as well-defined ordered Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films or solvent cast microphase-separated structures was studied. On ordered LB surfaces, adherent fibroblasts were larger than on the microphase-separated cast surfaces within 15 min. The difference in cell adhesion between LB films and cast surfaces increased with increasing PEO contents in block copolymer. Adherent cells increased with an increase in surface pressure of LB films in any polymer. Phase-contrast microphotographs of adherent cells showed rapid and extensive morphologic changes associated with the LB surface as compared to cast film surfaces. The number of cells grown on the LB surface is greater than that on the cast film.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1998

The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST): test-retest reliability and concordance validity.

The stability of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST) has been called into question by several authors (Hart, 1989; Maxwell, 1985; Schinke, 1989; Stacey 1985). In a bid to verify these reservations, 376 college students were each evaluated twice by means of the CAST. Results confirm the high reliability and validity of this instrument in identifying grown-up children raised in homes with at least one alcoholic parent. Reliability was demonstrated by good internal consistency, high item-total scale correlations, and near perfect test-retest agreement (k = .83). Furthermore, concordance between high CAST scores and satisfaction of recognized criteria for alcohol dependence, as measured with the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R (SCID), attests to the CAST's external validity (k = .78). Moreover, factor analysis shows the instrument to have a unidimensional structure. Finally, with a cutoff score of 6 or more, the CAST demonstrates excellent sensitivity and specificity.

Adult↗