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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

In vivo photoinduction of metallothionein in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation.

The aims of this study were to confirm and substantiate the in vivo cutaneous induction of metallothionein (MT) in human skin by UVR, which we have reported in brief previously, and to make a preliminary attempt to characterize the time course of this phenomenon. Buttock skin in 32 volunteers was irradiated with 2 MED of UVB and biopsies were taken at 24 h from matched non-irradiated and irradiated sites. In the kinetic study, skin biopsies from six volunteers were taken at 0, 2, 8, 24, and 48 h after 2 MED UVB irradiation. MT was immunolocalized in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue with the monoclonal antibody E9 by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Statistically significant differences between immunocytochemical scores were identified between non-irradiated (NI) and irradiated (I) skin within suprabasal keratinocytes (mean: NI = 1.2, I = 5.1; P = 0.01), superficial dermal fibroblasts (mean: NI = 2, I = 43; P < 0.001), mid-dermal fibroblasts (mean: NI = 0, I = 27; P < 0.001), and deep dermal fibroblasts (mean: NI = 0, I = 11; P < 0.001). In the kinetic study, no consistent rise in MT score with time was observed for the epidermal component. In dermal fibroblasts, however, the first statistically significant rise in immunocytochemically detectable MT was detected at 2 h and this was found to plateau beyond 8 h. These results confirm that ambient levels of UV irradiation are capable of inducing MT in human skin in vivo. Taken together with the relative rapidity of the response, this suggests a physiological photoprotective role for MT in human skin cells. The lack of a kinetic increase in epidermal MT may be due to high basal levels. Induction of MT in dermal fibroblasts may reflect the effects of a diffusible factor released from keratinocytes after UVR.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1998

Skeletal and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: a comparative clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and molecular study.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (SMC) is considered to be either a typical chondrosarcoma with prominent myxoid alterations or an altogether unique malignant cartilage tumor. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a relatively rare but well-recognized neoplasm. It was initially thought to be a low grade sarcoma of cartilage derivation and was recently found, in most cases, to contain a reciprocal t(9;22), resulting in a fusion of the EWS and CHN genes. Are SMC and EMC the same entity arising in two different locations, or are they two separate entities? To the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first systematic attempt to answer this question. METHODS: Forty consecutive cases of EMC (20 cases) and SMC (20 cases) were compared by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis. The mean clinical follow-up for both groups was 55 months. Histologic criteria for SMC consisted of 95% myxoid matrix, with only minimal hyaline cartilage formation. RESULTS: The gender distribution was identical in both groups (13 males and 7 females). The mean age was 55 years for EMC patients and 45 years for SMC patients. The EMC tumors were predominantly located in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremity (60%) and buttock (20%), and the mean tumor size was 13 cm. SMC was most commonly located in the bones around the hip joint (pelvis 35%; proximal femur 20%) and shoulder (20%); the mean size was 9 cm. Histologic grade in the EMC group correlated with survival (82% of the high grade tumors metastasized). Electron microscopy performed in 8 EMC cases revealed intracisternal microtubules in 3 cases and prominent mitochondria in 5, whereas in 5 SMC cases it revealed only inconspicuous organelles. Molecular analysis for the EWS-CHN fusion RNA resulting from the t(9;22) was performed in 15 cases (9 EMC and 6 SMC) and was detected in 7 of 9 EMC cases and 0 of 6 SMC cases. In one case, the molecular structure of the EWS-CHN fusion RNA was novel. The probability of metastasis was significantly higher (P=0.004) for the EMC group than for the SMC group. CONCLUSIONS: Although similar light microscopic features are noted in EMC and SMC, fundamental differences are noted at the ultrastructural and molecular levels, suggesting that EMC and SMC represent two distinct entities in the chondrosarcoma family of tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Intramuscular myxoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study.

This clinicopathologic study concerns 17 cases of intramuscular myxoma, including an immunohistochemical survey of 10 cases and an electron microscopic examination of 4. There was a female preponderance in a ratio of 14:3. The most common sites of tumors were the large muscles of the thigh (seven cases), followed by those of the buttock (three) and the lower leg (three). The size of the tumor ranged from 1.5 to 20 cm (median, 6 cm) in the greatest diameter. Neither recurrence nor metastasis was seen in any of 15 patients for whom information was available. In addition to the conventional microscopic features, such as hypocellularity, absence of a plexiform capillary network, and no detection of typical glycogen-rich lipoblasts, the following findings were regarded as helpful to differentiate an intramuscular myxoma from myxoid liposarcoma: hypovascularity of the tumor, demonstrated by angiography; a homogeneous computed tomography appearance with low density, absence of S-100 protein immunoreactive cells such as lipoblasts; and electron microscopically, the constituent cells were predominantly fibroblast-like cells with a prominent secretory activity, together with a small number of primitive mesenchymal cells and histiocyte-like cells, but with no lipoblasts. After simple excision, the 15 patients who could be followed are well with no recurrence during various periods of follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A review of 40 patients with extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare malignancies that account for about 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Few large series have been reported. METHODS: Clinical records and histologic slides of all patients with extraskeletal osteosarcomas treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1915 and 1988 were reviewed. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 40 patients, most of whom presented in the sixth and seventh decades of life (mean age, 50.7 years). There was a male predominance (male-to-female ratio, 1.9:1). The lower limbs most commonly were involved (68%), usually the thigh and buttock regions. Ninety-three percent of tumors presented as an enlarging soft tissue mass, with a history of trauma in nine patients. In nine patients, the lesions were initially interpreted histologically as benign, most commonly as myositis ossificans. Histologically, all were high grade osteosarcomas. Multiple local recurrences (45%) are a feature of this tumor. All recurrences occurred within 3 years. Distant metastasis (65%) is also common and is usually to the lungs (81%). Radical resections appear to be the best option for local control, with resection of the pulmonary metastasis occasionally producing a cure. By univariate analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the patients with predominantly chondroblastic tumors fared better than those with predominantly osteoblastic tumors (P = 0.03). Analysis of survival differences of the three main subtypes together (osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic) was not significant. A small-sized initial lesion did not equate with better survival. Seventy-three percent died of the disease, with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. CONCLUSION: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a high grade malignant tumor associated with a 5-year survival rate of 37% (95% confidence interval, 28%-59%). Local recurrences and distant metastasis are common and usually occur by 3 years after excision. Patients with the chondroblastic subtype survive longer than those with the osteoblastic subtype.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Delayed shotgun pellet migration to the right ventricle.

Multiple case reports of bullet emboli to the heart have been documented. A unique clinical situation is presented of a patient who sustained a shotgun injury to the buttock, with retained pellets, who 7 to 10 years later demonstrated intravascular migration of one of the pellets to the intracardiac position.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of a metastatic Merkel-cell carcinoma.

The cytologic features of Merkel-cell carcinoma metastatic to inguinal lymph nodes are described. The primary tumor was in the buttocks. The cytologic smears from the inguinal lymph node were highly cellular, with small to medium-sized cells in a predominantly discohesive or single-cell pattern, as well as large clusters surrounding segments of capillary-sized blood vessels. The nuclei were uniform, round to oval, with delicate nuclear membranes. The chromatin pattern was fine and "powdery" with multiple small micronucleoli. The cytoplasm was very scanty. Intermediate filament "buttons" were abundant. Rosette formation was very rare. Frequent mitotic figures and individual cell necrosis were observed. These features are helpful in the differential diagnosis from other small-cell tumors that may involve the skin.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Breast reconstruction using perforator flaps.

BACKGROUND: Perforator flaps allow the transfer of the patient's own skin and fat in a reliable manner with minimal donor-site morbidity. The deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps transfer the same tissue from the abdomen to the chest for breast reconstruction as the TRAM flap without sacrificing the rectus muscle or fascia. Gluteal artery perforator (GAP) flaps allow transfer of tissue from the buttock, also with minimal donor-site morbidity. INDICATIONS: Most women requiring tissue transfer to the chest for breast reconstruction or other reasons are candidates for perforator flaps. Absolute contraindications to perforator flap breast reconstruction include history of previous liposuction of the donor site or active smoking (within 1 month prior to surgery). ANATOMY AND TECHNIQUE: The DIEP flap is supplied by intramuscular perforators from the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. The SIEA flap is based on the SIEA and vein, which arise from the common femoral artery and saphenous bulb. GAP flaps are based on perforators from either the superior or inferior gluteal artery. During flap harvest, these perforators are meticulously dissected free from the surrounding muscle which is spread in the direction of the muscle fibers and preserved intact. The pedicle is anastomosed to recipient vessels in the chest and the donor site is closed without the use of mesh or other materials. CONCLUSIONS: Perforator flaps allow the safe and reliable transfer of abdominal tissue for breast reconstruction.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Metachronous second primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma in two skeletal muscles.

The first recorded case of a metachronous second primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of soft tissue is presented. The patient, who has been followed every two months since the treatment of his buttock sarcoma by neoadjuvant therapy, is free of disease 24 months later. The clinical presentations, different histologies, and DNA contents of these two MFHs are consistent with metachronous primary sarcomas. The literature on second primary neoplasms is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Tumoral calcinosis.

A patient with tumoral calcinosis involving the buttock and ischial bone is presented. Bone marrow involvement and a pattern of septal enhancement on MR imaging after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA were very suggestive of a diagnosis of a chondro(sarco) matous musculoskeletal tumor. The absence of an underlying metabolic disorder, the appreciation of fluid-calcium levels within the lesion and knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of this disorder have led to the correct diagnosis in this case.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1995

The role of MR imaging in the diagnosis of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a report of 10 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of alveolar soft part sarcoma using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: MRI studies of pathologically proven alveolar soft part sarcomas (ASPS) in ten patients were reviewed and compared with computed tomographic (CT) studies and angiograms. PATIENTS: Ten patients presented with a soft tissue mass of the extremities, neck, axilla, or buttocks. MR images were obtained in all patients prior to surgical intervention, chemotherapy, or irradiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although most soft tissue sarcomas are isointense relative to muscle or MRI T1-weighted images (T1WI), nine of the ten alveolar ASPS in the present study demonstrated high signal intensity on both T2 and T1WI. Flow voids were observed both at the core and at the margins of the tumors studied. Recognition of these characteristic MRI findings may lead to the early diagnosis of ASPS, especially when the clinical presentation is that of a slow-growing soft tissue mass in a young adult patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Squamous cell carcinoma complicating perianal hidradenitis suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa or Verneuil's disease is usually a chronic, recurrent, suppurative and cicatricial disorder. It most often affects the skin of the axillae, groins and perineum, and less commonly the buttocks and upper thighs. A squamous cell carcinoma located in the hidradenitis-affected area is a rare complication. We present a review of the twenty-six published cases adding one of our own.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural morphometry of epidermal Langerhans' cells: introduction of a simple method for a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the cells.

The ultrastructural demonstration of Birbeck granules is the most exact morphological marker for Langerhans' cells (LCs). We have developed a specific ultrastructural morphometric technique that enables quantitative evaluation of the numerical and volume density of LCs as well as quantification of cellular details. Evaluation of normal human skin of the hand and lower buttock showed that the epidermis of the hand contained a significantly higher numerical and volume density of LCs. At the cellular level, these LCs exhibited signs of increased metabolic activity, as reflected by the morphometric data of the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi area, and Birbeck granules. The present technique thus allows functional characterization of LCs at the morphological level.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Case report 829: Intramuscular myxoid chondrosarcoma.

A 61-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of a painless mass in the right buttock. Although the MR appearance of myxoid neoplasms is variable, a myxoid neoplasm was suspected on the basis of the MR study. Percutaneous needle biopsy results yielded a diagnosis of intramuscular myxoma. Myxoid chondrosarcoma, however, was diagnosed at the time of excisional biopsy. One should be wary of a diagnosis of intramuscular myxoma based solely on the results of percutaneous needle biopsy. In addition, myxoid chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues can have a variable appearance on T1-weighted imaging.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1977

[Lipectomy and lipexhaeresia in the area of the lower extremities (author's transl)].

Lokalized fat can be removed for pathologic but also for purely aesthetic reasons. Lipexhaeresia is a method that enables one to do this without leaving any significant scars. Certain principles of approach must be observed if aesthetically satisfactory results are to be obtained. Experience shows that there are no limits as to indication. Combination with dermolipectomy in the area of the buttocks increases the range of application.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Corrective surgery for hollow cheeks.

A new method is reported for correction of hollow cheeks. A dermal and submucosal graft removed from the buttock is transferred to a subcutaneous pocket made in the endoral wall of the cheek on the other side of the hollow area. The dental arches push the soft tissues of the cheek outward, thus causing the hollow to disappear.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1999

Ossifying intramuscular metastasis from colon cancer: report of a case.

PURPOSE: This report presents a patient who developed severe buttock pain because of an ossified intramuscular metastasis from a sigmoid colon cancer. METHODS: This is a case report and review of the literature for intramuscular metastasis from colon cancer. RESULTS: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft-tissue mass with heavy calcification. Histologically, mature compact bone was observed with adenocarcinoma cells dispersed among the bony trabeculae. CONCLUSION: When an intramuscular mass is seen, even if it contains extensive calcification, metastasis from colon cancer should be included in differential diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Liposuction: more curettage than aspiration.

After infiltration with epinephrine solution in each adipose area, an 8- or 10-mm cannula, without the suction tube connected, was introduced. With a curettage maneuver and by directing the cannula upward, the fat began to come out spontaneously. After obtaining a considerable amount of fat, the suction tube was connected and the remaining fat tissue aspirated at low suction power (250 mm Hg). With this curettage maneuver adiposity of the abdomen, knees, and trochanteric areas can be reduced. However, in the back, buttocks, or thighs, where adiposity is more fibrous, aspiration is needed from the start in almost every case, but always at low-power suction. This procedure is indicated in particular for the face and neck and for secondary liposuction. The fact that fat comes out easily through the cannula (without suction) demonstrates that the curettage maneuver is more important than the aspiration. Only with curettage can a considerable amount of fat be removed. No fat is removed when aspiration of 1 atm without a curettage maneuver is used. Suction only helps to remove fat already mobilized and free in the cannula. Our experience includes 34 patients.

Abdomen↗