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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[State of anti-infection defense in patients with chronic bronchitis].

Cellular and humoral antiinfection defense, frequency and severity of microbial infection were evaluated in patients with chronic nonobstructive and obstructive bronchitis. Systemic approach and analysis demonstrated that in chronic bronchitis there appeared shifts in cellular and humoral defense, functional dissociation of the above parameters, defects in intra- and intersystem compensation. Thus, in chronic bronchitis antiinfection defense needs immunocorrective therapy which is especially appropriate in bronchial obstruction and persistent infection of peripheral blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the suitability of weekly peak expiratory flow rate measurements in monitoring annual decline in lung function among patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis.

BACKGROUND: Early detection and treatment of patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis who have a rapid annual decline in lung function is essential in order to improve their long-term prognosis. This annual rate of decline can be assessed accurately by monitoring the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) which is a routine procedure in hospital respiratory laboratories but not in general practice. General practitioners usually measure patients' peak expiratory flow rate (peak flow) to evaluate lung function. If annual decline in lung function can be assessed by monitoring peak flow, this method could be used in general practice for detecting patients at an early stage who have a rapid decline. AIM: A study aimed to investigate the long-term correlation between FEV1 and peak flow among a group of patients in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. METHOD: FEV1 and peak flow were monitored in 53 patients with moderate asthma and 78 patients with moderate chronic bronchitis over four years. FEV1 was measured in a laboratory once every six months and peak flow was measured by patients once a week. The correlation between the two sets of measurements was studied for each patient. RESULTS: Four-year data for 83 of the 131 patients were analysed; the other 48 patients received inhaled steroids during the second half of the study period so their data were not considered for all the analyses. Of the 83 patients, 35 (42%) showed a decrease in both FEV1 and peak flow. Thirty six patients (43%) showed a decrease in FEV1 and an increase in peak flow. Four patients (5%) showed an increase in FEV1 and a decrease in peak flow and eight patients (10%) showed an increase in both rates. Approximately similar results were seen in a separate analysis of all 131 patients during the first two years of the study. CONCLUSION: No long-term correlation was found between FEV1 and peak flow. Peak flow is not capable of detecting annual decline in lung function. Therefore it cannot be used to detect patients with asthma or chronic bronchitis who have a rapid annual decline in lung function. Spirometers, which measure peak flow and FEV1, could be used in general practice. These would allow general practitioners to continue measuring peak flow in order to assess short-term changes in lung function while providing an important means for monitoring FEV1 to assess long-term changes in lung function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of patients with bronchitis deformans].

A total of 1067 patients aged from 15 to 82 years who suffered from deforming bronchitis were examined. All the patients underwent X-ray examination, forced external respiration test, bronchofibroscopy with biopsy and radionuclide study of the lungs whose results were the basis for establishing a diagnosis of deforming bronchitis with an accuracy of 99.8%. Therapeutical bronchoscopies made in patients with deforming bronchitis were an effective therapeutical tool in 96.9-98.1% of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Elastin-derived peptides and anti-elastic antibodies in children with recurrent or obstructive bronchitis].

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of bronchitis on elastin-derived peptides (EP) and antielastin antibodies (AEAb) in serum. Using an ELISA technique, these parameters were assessed in children aged 6 months to 15 years: 36 had recurrent bronchitis (RB), 34 had obstructive bronchitis (OB) and 37 were healthy children (C). A comparison of the levels of the investigated compounds in the acute phase (I) and stage without signs of diseases (II) was studied. The EP data show non-significant changes in the RB and OB groups in comparison with group C. Children with OB had significantly lower levels of AEAb in IgA, IgG and IgM class antibodies, while those with RB in the IgG class in comparison with group C in both examinations. In examination 1, AEAb in IgA and IgM classes were significantly lower in children with OB than with RB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Plasma elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in children with bronchitis].

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of plasma levels of polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (E-alpha 1PI) in children with bronchitis. One hundred and seven children aged 6 months to 15 years were studied: 36 with recurrent bronchitis (RB), 34 suffering from obstructive bronchitis (OB) and 37 disease free-control group (C). Systemic inflammatory response by ESR, total leukocyte (L), polymorphonuclear count (PMN), alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood was monitored simultaneously. A comparison of the levels of the investigated indicators in the acute phase (I) and in the stage without signs of diseases (II) was carried out. Upon examination 1, about 90% of the patients in both groups had mean levels of E-alpha 1PI significantly elevated (p < 0.001) over the control group. There was no significant correlation between the E-alpha 1PI concentration and other analyzed indicators of inflammation. These results show that E-alpha 1PI may serve as a sensitive indicator for granulocyte activation during the acute course of the disease, even in neutropenia.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1997

Acute bronchitis in adults: commonly diagnosed but poorly defined.

This article reviews the existing literature about acute bronchitis, a condition commonly diagnosed but poorly defined. The little epidemiologic research that has been done has failed to identify a microbiologic etiology approximately 60% to 85% of the time. The majority of cases appear to be caused by viruses, but 25% of adults with nonspecific lower respiratory symptoms may actually have pertussis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae probably play minor roles. Although clinicians frequently prescribe antibiotics to patients they have diagnosed with acute bronchitis, there is little evidence in support. General treatment studies have failed to demonstrate benefit, and the natural history of even potentially curable pathogens is not altered by antimicrobial therapy. Some recent studies suggest that albuterol may be the best treatment choice for acute bronchitis; it can successfully ameliorate symptoms, and does not pose the same public health risk as inappropriate antibiotics do. Erythromycin may occasionally be indicated for patients in frequent contact with small infants not yet immunized against pertussis, but careful surveillance of the child is probably more effective than treating the contagious adult.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The diagnosis of chronic dust-induced bronchitis].

In dust-induced bronchitis, alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma present themselves in the main cellular indices for bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL), thought to be of much importance to its diagnosis. A total of 53 patients with initial and manifest forms of dust bronchitis underwent BAL. There has been found the following: a decrease in the mononuclear phagocyte system cells (MPhS) reflecting the state of local cellular immunity; rise in the amounts of coniophages, suggesting phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) and dust blockade of MPhS cells; emergence and augmentation of counts of gigantic Pirogov-Langhans' cells characteristic of tuberculous granulomas, and also decrease in the counts of lymphocytes. There is a striking decrement in the vitality of AM, with polycytosis being commonly seen. Detection of granular forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BAL and Pirogov-Langhans' cells enables a major proportion of "dust-induced bronchitis" to be considered as belonging to the silicotuberculous process.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1996

[Analysis of measurements: arterial blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation in arterial blood during broncho-fibroscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis].

Bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in stable period of disease could be an indication for diagnostic bronchofiberoscopy and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL). 30 patients with bronchial asthma (aged 27.2 +/- 9.3), 30 patients with chronic bronchitis (aged 55.9 +/- 11.0) and subjects of control group (aged 27.0 +/- 9.7) took part in this study. Selected parameters: heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP) and arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) monitored by pulsoximetry were measured during the procedure. It was showed that broncho-fibroscopy and BAL could be performed safe in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis as well. Bronchospasm was observed only in one subject with asthma. The highest decrease of saturation was observed during BAL in every investigated subject. Because of none of recorded parameters allows identification of the patients at risk of poor tolerance of the procedure, we propose close observation of patient, monitoring parameters: HR, ABP and SaO2, and oxygen supplementation during the investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Smoking habits and their influence on the development of chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases--results of epidemiologic research on bronchitis in the German Democratic Republic].

Systematic studies were performed in 1971 and 1973 to investigate the epidemiology of chronic bronchitis. The scheme comprised random groups of a sum total of 22176 men and 10829 women aged between 35 and 64 from 25 places all over the territory of the GDR. The examination program comprised an interview with a questionnaire, measurement of FVC, FEV1.0, PO2 and RV/TK, examination of bronchial hyperreactivity. Representative statements emerged as to prevalence of smokers and ex-smokers. The mean prevalence of male smokers was 63 p. c., of femal smokers 24 p. c. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis is higher in smokers than in nonsmokers especially in the polluted area. Significant relationship was found between increasing tobacco consumption and prevalence of chronic bronchitis. Intensive smoking is associated with an increase in obstruction and in bronchial hyperreactivity. The study provides the evidence of the additive effects of smoking, air pollution and dust exposure at work.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measurement of sIgA in patients with chronic stable bronchitis].

As we know secretory IgA of respiratory system has a very important role in defense mechanism. We studied 100 human beings, 50 healthy persons and 50 chronic bronchitis patients. Lavage nasal samples were tacked from healthy persons and sputum samples from chronic bronchitis patients. The laboratory test was nefelometry laser. Samples were analyzed was 1 student. Our results showed light increased of IgA in chronic bronchitis patients not significative. We concluded that this light increased is secondary to continuous stimulus of bronchial mucous as a part of defense mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The functional activity of pulmonary surfactant in chronic bronchitis].

Lung surfactant (LS) was examined in the course of chronic bronchitis (CB) development in 25 subjects with CB risk factors (RF), 80 with prebronchitis (PB), 30 with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNOB) and 45 with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). Biochemical study of the expirates covered total phospholipids (TP), fractions of neutral lipids, several fatty acids (FA), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), antiradical activity (ARA). Development of CB was accompanied with shifts in LS functional activity. In patients with RF the shifts reflected adaptation. In PB, CNOB and COB patients LS got damaged. The damage was detected by biochemical markers: elevated level of polyunsaturated FA, accumulation of MDA and low ARA.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1996

[Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid material from patients with chronic bronchitis].

The aim of this study was evaluation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in creation of inflammation of lower airways in patients with chronic bronchitis. 32 patients with chronic bronchitis and 14 subjects of control group took part in this study. Spirometry (Jaeger eq.), bronchofibroscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (Olympus eq.) were performed in every patient. Cytology and concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 (kits from R&D) were measured in 1 ml of lavage fluid recovered. The increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in BAL were correlated with clinical parameters. We conclude that these two cytokines participate in creation of inflammatory changes of lower respiratory tract in chronic bronchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Biorhythm of hormonal system in chronic bronchitis].

In the first 3 days, circadian biological hormonal variations were studied 5 times a day (at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 o'clock in 103 patients with chronic bronchitis, including 41 and 62 with nonobstructive and obstructive bronchitis, respectively. Hormonal changes in chronic bronchitis were evaluated as asynchronism manifested by the time displacement of acrophases, the imbalance of mesor and the amplitude of diurnal hormone level variations, the intrinsic discrepancy of linkages in the horizontal lines and endocrine functional changes.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1976

Chronic bronchitis in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

A study of chronic bronchitis was carried out on 195 ex-servicemen from Victoria New South Wales and Queensland. Exacerbations of chest symptoms were commonly found and chronic bronchitis was in important cause of haemoptysis. Weather conditions, especially cold weather, affected chest symptoms and early age of starting to smoke affected the incidence of severe bronchitis. The clinical profiles of the cases studied were similar to those in some of the reports from Canada and Britain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Asthma and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: sentinel and environmental data in a time series analysis.

To see whether effects of air pollutants and other environmental factors on the respiratory tract can be detected by the Swiss sentinel reporting system, two years' data of asthma bronchiale and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis were analyzed. On average, 16 cases of asthma and 9 cases of bronchitis were reported per week. The respective figures expressed as mean percentages of all consultations were 0.12% and 0.065%. Data of SO2, NO2, ozone and total suspended particles were used to measure air pollution. Additionally, meteorologic parameters such as air temperature and atmospheric pressure were used, as well as the appearance of the most important pollen groups in Switzerland: grass, birch tree and mugwort. Environmental data were summarized using the mean or sum of all measuring stations. Autocorrelations in the time series were accounted for statistically. Our analysis could not establish any relationship between reports of asthma or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and air pollutants or other environmental data. This result, which is partly contradicted by the literature, could be explained by low numbers of reports due to patient's self administration of medication and an imprecise determination of true exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prognosis of the development of recurrent bronchitis based on immunogenetic indices].

It is worthy to carry out the prognosis of recurrent bronchitis development on the basis of immunogenetic markers. It was shown that HLA-A10 and B13 antigens occurred in Dnepropetrovsk Province significantly more often and HLA-A19, B12, B15, and B21 antigens more rare than in European population. It has been demonstrated that HLA-B35, HLA-B38 and HLA-B-blanks are found with significantly higher frequency in patients with recurrent bronchitis and it has been associated with low immune indices. HLA-B40 and Cw2 antigens were found as protective against development of recurrent bronchitis.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1998

Obliterative central bronchitis due to mineral dust in patients with pneumoconiosis.

OBJECTIVE: We studied at autopsy a distinctive obliterative bronchitis in three persons with pneumoconiosis and hilar node fibrosis. METHODS: Lungs were evaluated macroscopically, microscopically, and with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. RESULTS: Chest roentgenogram demonstrated right middle lobe syndrome in one patient; bronchostenosis was seen at bronchoscopy in another. The stenotic sites were in perihilar bronchi and showed an upper lobe predominance. Fibrosis with silicotic nodules involved the bronchus, peribronchial tissue, and adjacent lymph nodes. Simple coalworkers' pneumoconiosis was observed in two patients; the third had complicated, mixed dust fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Obliterative bronchitis represents an unusual fibrotic response to free crystalline silica. The process may occur simultaneously in the adjacent lymph node and the bronchial wall; however, it need not be associated with complicated pneumoconiosis. Clinically, obliterative bronchitis may masquerade as bronchogenic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Outpatient management of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Proper treatment relieves the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema to a large extent and helps patients remain active and useful until the last stages of the disease. Not much can be done to halt the natural course, since the disease is well advanced by the time that symptoms appear. Respiratory infections pose a constant threat. They are the primary cause of increased morbidity and mortality in these patients and may well accelerate the disease process. Annual prophylaxis against influenza is recommended, and antibiotic suppression should be considered for patients who have repeated bouts of acute bronchitis. Airways obstruction in emphysema is irreversible, but oral bronchodilators may remedy bronchospasm in chronic bronchitis and in emphysema with a bronchitic component. If sputum is thick and tenacious, postural drainage and chest physiotherapy may be helpful. Corticosteroids should be used only as a last resort. Patients tend to become inactive as the disease progresses. Exercise is important to increase exercise tolerance and overall physical fitness, and the physician should prescribe a specific daily program within the patient's limitations.

Airway Resistance↗