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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of formalin, acetone, and RNAlater fixatives on tissue preservation and different size amplicons by real-time PCR from paraffin-embedded tissue.

RNA recovered from paraffin-embedded tissue has been reported to be a suitable substrate for polymerase chain reaction. During tissue fixation and paraffin embedding, RNA undergoes degradation, but with certain restrictions, it can be used for gene expression studies. At the same time, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded histopathology archives contain an unestimable collection, which could be analyzed to investigate changes in mRNA expression in pathologic processes. To decide for future tissue conservation of pathology samples, it would be reasonable to satisfy both histologic and molecular biologic needs. The effect of three different fixation methods, RNAlater (SIGMA R 0901, St Louis, MO), acetone, and formalin, were compared by histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. To assess tissue structure preservation and antigenicity, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed; to assess RNA quality, RNA was extracted and the transcription of different amplicon sizes (121, 225, 406 bp for GAPDH; 166, 310, 536 bp for beta globin) were examined on human endometrium samples. The most adequate tissue preservation was found in case of formalin fixation, while there were no significant differences in the three fixatives' yields for various size real-time PCR amplicons. Longer amplicons (above approximately 225 bp) have limited use for gene expression studies, while shorter amplicons could give more reliable results.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Multilayer adsorption and wetting of acetone on graphite.

Adsorption/desorption isotherms of acetone on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite have been measured by ellipsometry for temperatures above the bulk triple point. The behavior in the monolayer and submonolayer regime is conventional, with 2D gas-liquid and 2D liquid-solid coexistence regions. Further liquid monolayers grow on top of the completed monolayer. The growth is basically layer-by-layer. For temperatures between 190 K and the triple point a prewetting-type transition occurs with a thin-thick jump of the layer thickness on adsorption but a layer-wise removal of the film on desorption. In this temperature regime the first monolayer is solid and its molecules are oriented perpendicular to the substrate whereas the higher layers are orientationally disordered polar liquid.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1974

Penetration of dry seeds with chemicals applied in acetone.

Acetone is able to carry chemicals through the seed coats to reach the embryo. The amount of chemical penetrating into the seeds depends on the seed type, permeation time, and the concentration of solution. The chemicals reaching the embryo are biologically effective.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

4,5-Dihydro-3-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidinium acetate acetone hemisolvate.

The X-ray structure analysis of the unexpected product of the reaction between 4-(4-methylphenyl)but-3-en-2-one and aminoguanidine revealed the title compound, C(12)H(17)N(4)(+) x -C(2)H(3)O(2)(-) x 0.5C(3)H(6)O, consisting of a protonated amidine moiety joined to a substituted pyrazoline ring at the N1 atom. The amidine group is protonated and the positive charge is delocalized over the three C[bond]N bonds in a similar manner to that found in guanidinium salts. The amidinium moiety of the cation is linked to the acetate anions through four N[bond]H...O hydrogen bonds, with N...O distances of 2.749 (4), 2.848 (4), 2.904 (4) and 2.911 (4) A. The pyrazoline ring adopts a flattened envelope conformation and the substituted phenyl ring is oriented perpendicular to the attached heterocycle. The acetone solvate molecule lies across a twofold rotation axis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Acetone and Butanol Production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in a Synthetic Medium.

The effect of the component concentrations of a synthetic medium on acetone and butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was investigated. Cell growth was dependent on the presence of Mg, Fe, and K in the medium. Mg and Mn had deleterious effects when in excess. Ammonium acetate in excess caused acid fermentation. The metabolism was composed of two phases: an acid phase and a solvent one. Low concentrations of glucose allowed the first phase only. The theoretical ratio of the conversion of glucose to solvents, which was 28 to 33%, was obtained with the following medium: MgSO(4), 50 to 200 mg/liter; MnSO(4), 0 to 20 mg/liter; KCl, 0.015 to 8 g/liter (an equivalent concentration of K was supplied in the form of KH(2)PO(4) and K(2)HPO(4)); FeSO(4), 1 to 50 mg/liter; ammonium acetate, 1.1 to 2.2 g/liter; para-aminobenzoic acid, 1 mg/liter; biotin, 0.01 mg/liter; glucose, 20 to 60 g/liter.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Acetone, Isopropanol, and Butanol Production by Clostridium beijerinckii (syn. Clostridium butylicum) and Clostridium aurantibutyricum.

Thirty-four strains representing 15 species of anaerobic bacteria were screened for acetone, isopropanol, and n-butanol (solvent) production. Under our culture conditions, several strains of Clostridium beijerinckii and C. aurantibutyricum produced at least 40 mM n-butanol (C. acetobutylicum strains produced up to 41 mM n-butanol under similar conditions). Both solvent-producing and non-solvent-producing strains of C. beijerinckii have high DNA homology with a reference strain of C. beijerinckii. Strains labeled "Clostridium butylicum" are phenotypically similar to C. beijerinckii and showed at least 78% DNA homology to a reference strain of C. beijerinckii. Therefore, these "C. butylicum" strains are members of C. beijerinckii. An earlier DNA homology study has shown that C. beijerinckii, C. aurantibutyricum, and C. acetobutylicum are distinct species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1965

Polysaccharide produced by the genus Pullularia. II. Trans-alpha-glucosidation by acetone cells of Pullularia.

Acetone cells of Pullularia sp. were incubated with maltose, and the saccharides produced were fractionated on a charcoal column. The fractions were subjected to paper-chromatographic analysis and enzymatic assay. By these methods, the saccharides have been shown to include glucose, maltose, maltotriose, panose, and the lower members of glucose polymers containing the 1,4- and 1,6-alpha-glucosidic linkages, but neither isomaltose nor dextrantriose. The use of glucose oxidase results in the formation of the higher members of glucose polymer.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMed2005

Structure and relaxation dynamics of poly(amide urethane)s with bioactive transition metal acetyl acetonates in hard blocks.

Structural characteristics, thermal transitions and molecular dynamics of selected poly(amide urethane)s with transition metal acetyl acetonates Me(AcAc)(2) (Me = Sn(4+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+)) as chain extenders, were comparatively investigated using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric techniques (dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, DRS; thermally stimulated currents, TSC). We studied the influence of metal chelates on the mixing of the soft-segment (SS) and hard-segment (HS) domains and the related degree of microphase separation (DMS). The reactivity of Me(AcAc)(2) with macrodiisocyanate was found to decrease in the order Sn(AcAc)(2)Cl(2) > Cu(AcAc)(2) > Zn(AcAc)(2) > Pb(AcAc)(2). While Pb(AcAc)(2) shows a higher tendency for crystallisation, both the dielectric and calorimetric results suggest that the corresponding polyurethane has comparatively low DMS. The type of the transition metal has moderate effect on the glass transition temperature and no influence on the shape of the dielectric alpha relaxation signal, indicating weak interactions between metal ions and SS domains. In contrast, structural parameters and the dielectric behaviour of the beta relaxation suggest preference for hydrogen-bonding interactions between Sn(4+) and Cu(2+) metal-chelates and HS domains. The temperature dependence of dc conductivity sigma(dc) is described by the Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation and signifies the coupling between the mobility of polymeric chains and charges' motion. It may be expected that the present combination of techniques and particular results with respect to DMS will contribute to the development and testing of novel biodegradation-resistant and antibacterial metal-polyurethanes for biotechnological and industrial applications.

Amides↗
PubMed1999

Practitioner variability effects on dentin bonding with an acetone-based one-bottle adhesive.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of operator variability on the marginal performance of resin composite restorations bonded with an acetone-base one-bottle adhesive in standardized dentin preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five general practitioners were recruited for this trial. In the first group, each dentist received six extracted human teeth with dentin preparations (Ø 3.5 mm, 1.5 mm deep), cut in flatground proximal dentin, and original packages of Gluma One Bond adhesive and Charisma resin composite (Heraeus-Kulzer, Werheim, Germany) including instructions for use. For the second group, the operators were orally instructed, emphasizing the importance of the moist technique, before they received another six teeth for restoration with the same materials. Finally, a third group of six preparations was restored in order to evaluate a possible training effect. The restored teeth were stored in a hygrophor prior to removal of excess material and microscopic determination of the maximum marginal gap width (MGW). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Apart from two samples, preparation margins in the first test group showed gaps between 1 and 12 microns. In the second and third groups, 15 and 16 restorations were gap free, respectively. Significant interoperator variation was found in the first group only. Marginal performance of group 1 restorations was significantly inferior to groups 2 and 3, which were not different (p = 0.79). CONCLUSION: Application of the one-bottle adhesive is technique-sensitive and requires meticulous attention to the instructions.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2001

A new chemical system for studying pattern formation: bromate-hypophosphite-acetone-dual catalyst.

A modified version of the short-lived BrO3(-)-H2PO2(-)-Mn(II)-N2 oscillator, the BrO3(-)-H2PO2(-)-acetone-dual catalyst system, where the catalyst pair can be Mn(II)-Ru(bpy)3SO4, or Mn(II)-ferroin, or Mn(II)-diphenylamine, shows long-lasting batch oscillations in the potential of a Pt electrode and in colour, accompanying periodic transitions between the oxidised and reduced forms of the catalysts. Experimental conditions for the oscillations are established. The origin of the batch oscillations and the role of the catalyst pair in the oscillatory behaviour are discussed. The new system is ideally suited to the study of waves and patterns in reaction-diffusion systems, since in addition to the longevity of its spatial behaviour in batch, it produces no gaseous or solid products and exhibits significant photosensitivity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Acetone-free nail polish removers: are they safe?

INTRODUCTION: The following case report highlights the dangers of acetone-free nail polish remover products which are widely regarded as safe. CASE REPORT: A 15-month-old presented with coma and cardiorespiratory collapse after sucking on Boots Conditioning Nail Polish Remover Pads, which was complicated by features of upper airway obstruction, bilateral pneumothoraces, and pneumomediastinum. The child required intubation and ventilation for 5 days along with full supportive management before making a complete recovery. The clinical features in this case resemble those of poisoning due to gamma butyrolactone, the principal component of this nail polish remover. Gamma butyrolactone is rapidly metabolized to gamma hydroxybutyrate on ingestion, a compound whose toxicity is well recognized. Package labeling gave no indication of the potential toxicity of its components. CONCLUSION: We wish to draw attention to the potential toxicity of gamma butyrolactone containing nail polish removers and the need for appropriate labeling of product packaging. Since alternative products are available, these products should be removed from the market.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the chalcone analog E,E-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene) acetone on the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced Ha-ras gene activity in vivo.

The chalcone analog E,E-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)acetone (HBA) was found to display strong NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (NQO1) inducer potency in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. In order to determine whether this promising chemopreventive activity would extend to anticarcinogenic properties, the effect of HBA on the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced expression of the Ha-ras gene in isolated RNA from liver, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow of CBA/Ca inbred mice was investigated. DMBA is a well-known chemical carcinogen, which can act as initiator by causing point mutations in certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. According to the previous results, elevated Ha-ras expression has been noted even 24 h after DMBA treatment. Administration of HBA simultaneously with DMBA resulted in a decrease of the DMBA-induced Ha-ras gene expression in all the investigated tissues. This observation suggests metabolic interaction of HBA and DMBA. Administration of HBA 24 h prior to the DMBA treatment reduced the Ha-ras gene expression in all the tissues but the liver, where a slight elevation could be detected. This latter effect could be the result of a possible CYPIA inducer and pro-oxidant effects of HBA. The pro-oxidant effect of HBA can be taken into consideration based on its previously demonstrated GSH-reactivity and the present results obtained by investigation of the time-course of Fenton reaction-initiated degradation of 2-deoxyribose in the presence of HBA.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus messenger RNA in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes on specially processed modified acetone methyl benzoate xylene (ModAMeX) sections.

Microscopic intracellular detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) messenger RNA in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease (HD) was possible by in situ hybridization, in tissue sections prepared by a method termed modified acetone methyl benzoate xylene (ModAMeX). The ModAMeX method was initially developed for simultaneous optimal preservation of leucocyte differentiation antigens and morphology. Two biotinylated DNA probes, corresponding to the same BamHI-W (internal repeat) of the EBV genome were used. EBV mRNA was detected in neoplastic cells in 16 of 54 (30%) lymph node biopsy specimens from usual subtypes of HD (lymphocyte predominance, 0/5; nodular sclerosis, 4/22; mixed cellularity, 12/26; unclassified, 0/1). EBV mRNA was also detected in the lymph node biopsy of 1 additional human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related case of HD (mixed cellularity) and in 2 of 4 cases of B-cell lymphomas occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, EBV mRNA was detected in only 1 of 41 cases. Cases of HD positive for EBV mRNA were immunostained by CD30 and CD15 antibodies. The hybridization signals were exclusively restricted to Reed-Sternberg cells and variants. When analyzed retrospectively, no statistically significant correlation emerged between hybridization findings, EBV serology, or disease outcome over the 3 years of the availability of ModAMeX technique. The findings support the contention of a direct role of EBV in the pathogenesis of HD, at least in some cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Chemical constituents of Armillaria mellea mycelium. VII. Isolation and characterization of chemical constituents of the acetone extract].

Eight compounds were isolated from the acetone extract of artificially cultured mycelium of Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.)Quel.(Tricholomataceae). Three of them are protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data analysis as the known 4'-methylmelledonal (I)and two new compounds named armillaritin (II) and armillarivin (III). In addition, five known compounds were identified as D-erythritol, D-mannitol, azelaic acid, orsellinic acid and glycerin-alpha-monooleate.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1990

Geranyl-geranyl acetone: a novel stimulant of secretin release in the dog.

Geranyl-geranyl acetone (GGA), a new acyclic polyisoprenoid, anti-ulcer drug appears to exert its beneficial effect by stimulating bicarbonate secretion from the stomach and pancreas. Its efficacy in stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate is particularly striking, and this study was designed to examine the mechanism for this action. Since it is structurally similar to the side chain of the prostaglandin molecule, its ability to stimulate bicarbonate secretion could be a direct one. On the other hand, the magnitude of pancreatic bicarbonate response (about 50% of maximal response to secretin) suggests it might act by releasing secretin. Two types of experiments were performed in dogs with pancreatic fistulas: first, secretagogue interactions were examined by studying the effect of intraduodenal GGA (8 mg/kg) or its carrier (control) on the dose-response curves to exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8); second, the effect of graded doses of intraduodenal GGA on pancreatic bicarbonate and plasma secretin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) responses was tested directly. Pancreatic bicarbonate responses (micromoles per 30 min) were to secretin doses of 32, 125, and 500 ng/kg/h. Without and with GGA, responses were 74 +/- 27, 952 +/- 215, and 2,000 +/- 425 and 599 +/- 110, 1,624 +/- 472, and 2,129 +/- 398 ng/kg/h, respectively. Similarly, the bicarbonate responses to CCK-8 were augmented. Basal plasma SLI was 1.5 +/- 0.6 pM/ml. Peak plasma SLI in response to 2, 4, and 8 mg of GGA intraduodenally were 6.8 +/- 0.7, 8.9 +/- 3.1, and 19.6 +/- 2.7 pM/ml, respectively. It is concluded that GGA is a potent stimulant of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, and this action appears to be mediated by the release of duodenal secretin.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Reactions and serologic responses to monovalent acetone-inactivated typhoid vaccine and heat-killed TAB when given by jet injection.

Monovalent acetone-inactivated typhoid vaccine and heat-killed TAB caused local reactions in 82-88% of volunteers vaccinated by jet injection, whereas they caused local reactions in only 24% of volunteers injected by means of a conventional syringe. Both vaccines induced a high seroconversion rate to typhoid H antigen, but neither proved significantly immunogenic to antigens O and Vi. There was no increase in the occurrence of local reactions when a second jet injection was given 5 weeks after the first.

Adult↗