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PubMed1990

[Study on the characteristics of agglutination reaction of McAb with Leptospira interrogans outer envelope].

Three McAb were produced against an outer envelope preparation from Leptospira, interrogans, serovar Lai by fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cells with immune BALB/c mice spleen cells. The fusion rate was 96% and the antibody positive rate was 50%. One of the hybridomas, E4B11C9, reacted with 13 of the 13 serovars of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in microscopic agglutination test (MAT) but did not react with the 18 representative serovars of L. interrogans and L. biflexa serovar patoc and Leptonema illini. For all non-reactive serovars the MAT titres were greater than 1:25. The McAb, E4B7G5, reacted similarly with all serovars except smithi and tonkini. E4B7D4 reacted also similarly with all serovars except serovars birkini, ndambari, bogvere, smithi and tonkini. Therefore, 3 McAb showed serogroup specificity and partial serogroup specificity by agglutination. The agglutination titres were high and hybridomas were stable, so it might be useful in providing a simple, rapid method for the classification and identification of clinical isolates such as pathogenic L. interrogans in place of the complicated and time-consuming conventional methods.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1989

Rapid diagnosis of adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV): detection of viral antigens in faecal samples using staphylococcal co-agglutination test.

Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I rich in protein A when sensitized with guinea pig antiserum to adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) at 1:16 gave a strong co-agglutination with ADRV-positive faecal samples as previously confirmed by electron microscopy (EM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bacteria sensitized with normal guinea pig serum did not give any co-agglutination. Blocking tests using rabbit ADRV-specific antiserum for the treatment of twelve ADRV-positive samples abolished the reaction. All the fifty ELISA-confirmed ADRV-positive faecal samples gave positive co-agglutination, whereas all the forty-eight ELISA-negative faecal samples from healthy subjects gave negative results. The test has been proved to be rapid, simple, specific, and economic, useful for rapid diagnosis even in remote areas, so that the ADRV infection can definitely be differentiated from some of acute bacterial diarrheas.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1989

[Variants of the agglutination reaction: the present and future].

The methodological analysis of the main problems of serological diagnosis has made it possible to pick out the tests of the agglutination type, especially those made with the use of sensitized erythrocytes, as most suitable for mass use. The comparison made between different agglutination tests has confirmed the fact that the use of sensitized erythrocytes in such tests is highly effective. The comparison of the diagnostic possibilities of agglutination tests involving the use of erythrocytic reagents with those offered by enzyme immunoassays has demonstrated that tests based on the phenomenon of passive hemagglutination have great possibilities and hold considerable promise not only for mass immunological surveys, but also for research work.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1989

Serologic properties of the triple antibody-sandwich-lymphocyte-agglutination assay (TASLA).

Detailed studies concerning the serologic properties of the triple antibody-sandwich-lymphocyte-agglutination (TASLA) assay are described herin. The technique is a sensitive one based on sandwiching three layers of antibody onto the target cell. Two different test systems were utilized which included xeno- and allogeneic models. In the xenogeneic test system, rabbit-anti-DA lymphocyte xenosera served as the primary antibody sandwich layer. Goat-anti-rabbit and swine-anti-goat IgG served as the secondary and tertiary antibody sandwich layers, respectively. In the rat allogeneic test system, LEW-anti-BN rat lymphocyte allosera served as the primary antibody layer. Rabbit-anti-rat and goat-anti-rabbit IgG served as the secondary and tertiary antibody sandwich layers, respectively. Several different experiments were run with varying numbers of antibody sandwich layers, and differing concentrations within each layer. The lymphocyte agglutination reaction was then evaluated by regression analysis. Regardless of the number or concentration of antibody sandwich layers, it was found that the reaction could be functionally defined mathematically, by regression analysis. A secondary or tertiary antibody sandwich layer increased assay sensitivity. The level of lymphocyte agglutination was found to be both a linear function of the number of antibody sandwich layers and the concentration of each utilized. In addition, the serological properties of the TASLA assay were extended to the rat allogeneic test system and was again functionally defined mathematically by regression analysis.

Agglutination↗

PubMed1985

Differentiation of reference strains of leptospires of the Pomona serogroup by cross-agglutination absorption and restriction endonuclease analysis.

The serological classification of all reference strains that have been described as representing separate serovars of Leptospira interrogans within the Pomona serogroup was investigated using cross-agglutination absorption and bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis (BRENDA). Comparative cross-agglutination absorption studies indicated that cornelli CB, monjakov Monjakov and kennewicki LT1026 were homologous with pomona Pomona, and dania K1 and tsaratsova B81/7 were homologous with mozdok 5621. BRENDA confirmed these results, except that pomona Pomona and monjakov Monjakov showed a difference in the high molecular weight region. It is proposed that four serovars be currently recognised within the Pomona serogroup: pomona, mozdok, proechimys and tropica. The relative merits of the use of cross-agglutination absorption and BRENDA with respect to identification of Pomona serogroup isolates are discussed.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1988

[Elevated agglutinability of erythrocytes in cancer patients].

Mediated agglutination of erythrocytes was studied in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A). Agglutinability of erythrocytes from cancer patients was found to be higher than that of normal cells as a result of chemical factors present in the blood plasma which transform the cell surface, the number of Con A receptors remaining unchanged. It is concluded that increased agglutinability of erythrocytes from cancer patients is mainly due to a decrease in the negative charge of cells and the appearance of echinocytic forms.

Agglutination↗

PubMed1986

The agglutination of erythrocytes and Leishmania parasites by sandfly gut extracts: evidence for lectin activity.

Lysates of heads, hind- and midguts of male and female Phlebotomus papatasi were found to contain lectins or lectin-like molecules capable of agglutinating human red blood cell types of the ABO(H) system and promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica, L. major and L. donovani but not L. hertigi hertigi promastigotes or Crithidia fasciculata choanomastigotes. The agglutination of erythrocytes from the human O Rhesus positive blood group by sandfly midgut extracts was inhibited by two disaccharides; trehalose and turanose. This is the first report of haemagglutinating and parasite agglutinating activity in sandflies (Psychodidae).

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of sperm immobilizing and sperm agglutinating seric activity in male subjects with or without positive IgG M.A.R.-test belonging to sub-fertile couples with negative or doubtful P.C.T.

In this study we have compared the results of autoagglutination, IgM M.A.R.-test, seric S.I.T. and seric T.A.T. in 75 men with normal seminal parameters belonging to sub-fertile couples in whom the only evident anomaly was the presence of negative or doubtful P.C.T. We compared a tight correlation between IgG M.A.R.-test and autoagglutination (IgG M.A.R.-test clinically positive in 82.8% of subjects with positive spermagglutination); between seric S.I.T. and IgG M.A.R.-test (S.I.T. positive in 58.3% of subjects with IgG M.A.R.-test clinically positive); between seric T.A.T. and IgM M.A.R.-test (T.A.T. positive in 69.4% of subjects with positive IgG M.A.R.-test). Such results proved the reliability of IgG M.A.R.-test as a screening test in the determination of male autoimmunization. Moreover, the possibility that they were the cases in which only the local antisperm activity was shown, underlines the necessity not to limit immunological research to only seric antibody titrations. The analyses of the types of mixed agglutination present in cases of positive IgG M.A.R.-test make us suspect that a quota of the agglutination type emh was due to the impossibility with such type of test to specify adequately the zones of G.R. sperm interaction involved in the formation of mixed agglutinates.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Investigation comparing the methods of serological differentiation of streptococci by precipitation, co-agglutination and fluorescence test (author's transl)].

Three methods for the serological determination of streptococci were compared: immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and co-agglutination. The results of the immunoprecipitation were the basis of evaluation. The deviating results in immunofluorescence and co-agglutination deviate among one another. With immunofluorescence relatively too many strains were determined as group B, with co-agglutination as group C.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1979

The mechanisms of lectin-mediated cell agglutination.

The interaction between lectins and cells is a well established phenomenon. However, the way by which this interaction occurs is still unclear and published observations are sometimes contradictory. This article attempts to reconciliate the available information concerning this problem in order to find support for a new model of lectin-mediated agglutination of cells. The traditional idea favours the carbohydrate-directed interaction as the main reason of binding of lectins to the cell surface. Nevertheless, lectins molecules are so diversified in physical chemical and biological properties, as well as in structure, that such generalization cannot be stated without risk. Furtheremore, the agglutination mechanism itself is too complex to assume that lectins are only functional "bridges" that hold two cells together. The effect noticed when agglutination is studied with different cells and different lectins at various conditions, suggest that other factors are to be taken into account.

Agglutination↗

PubMed1985

Serologic evaluation of cattle inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii: comparison of Sabin-Feldman dye test and other agglutination tests.

Six cows and 6 calves were each inoculated with 100 or 100,000 Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Serum samples were analyzed, using the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT), indirect hemagglutination test, latex agglutination test, and the modified direct agglutination test (MAT). Antibody titers in cows were lower than in calves. In the cows, DT titers increased briefly during the first month after inoculation, after which the titers were negative; however, T gondii was isolated from the tissues of 4 cows. Indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination titers were generally less than 1:256. The MAT titers increased to 1:1,024 during the first month after inoculation. In 5 of the 6 cows, the MAT titers persisted. The 6th cow had a preinoculation MAT titer of 1:2,000 for 3 to 6 months. Therefore, the DT was not useful in serologic surveys for T gondii in cattle; the MAT was the most sensitive test and may be useful in the diagnosis of T gondii infection in cattle.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1985

Coracidia agglutination reaction of pseudophyllid cestodes and its application in cestode studies.

The ability of cestode coracidia to agglutinate in homologous antiserum was established. The method of direct agglutination of coracidia (RDAC) in a culture of living larvae is described. The comparison of RDAC results in homologous and heterologous variants shows a dependence of the agglutination pattern on the degree of antiserum homology. By the example of RDAC of the cestodes Diphyllobothrium dentriticum and D. ditremum in polyvalent antisera and in antisera species-specific to D. dendriticum a possibility is shown of using RDAC in studies on species taxonomy of pseudophyllid cestodes.

Agglutination↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The agglutination test of coracidia of pseudophyllidean cestodes and its use in cestodological research].

Ability of coracidia to agglutination in homologous antiserum was established. The method of reaction of a direct agglutination of coracidia (RDAC) in the culture of alive larvae was described. When comparing the RDAC results in homologous and heterologous variants a dependence of the agglutination pattern on the degree of antiserum homology was established. On the example of RDAC of the cestodes Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and D. ditremum in polyvalent and species-specific antisera to D. dendriticum possibility was shown of RDAC usage in the studies on specific taxonomy of pseudophyllid cestodes.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1973

Bordetella agglutinating antibody in swine. A herd survey.

An agglutination test with killed Bordetella bronchiseptica, suspended in 0.85% saline, standardized photometrically to contain approximately 20 billion microorganisms per ml as antigen, was used to detect naturally-occurring antibody against this bacterium in the sera of 451 pigs ranging in age from one month to over 36 months. Agglutinating antibody was demonstrated in 32.8% of 201 sera of pigs one to six months old, 61.5% of 52 pigs six to 12 months old, 83.8% of 62 pigs 13 to 18 months old, 92.3% of 39 pigs 19 to 24 months old and 100% of 97 adults older than 24 months. Nasal swab cultures did not reliably detect the carrier state of subclinically infected pigs, however, detection of agglutinating antibody against B. bronchiseptica may be useful for diagnosing infection in swine herds.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemical properties of rat thymus agglutinating substance].

A substance reacting with sheep red blood cells and rabbit IgG was isolated from the rat thymocytes and calf thymus as a homogeneous preparation. Some chemical properties of this substance were studied. The molecular weight of the agglutinating substance was found to be 12300 according to the SDS-gel electrophoresis data. The infrared spectra show that this substance contains peptide bonds and a carbohydrate component. The amide II absorption band observed in the infrared spectrum disappears after treatment of the agglutinating substance with immobilized pronase. The treatment with immobilized pronase leads to degradation of this substance into two components detected by thin layer chromatography and to the loss of its agglutinating properties. Hexose was determined in the substance with an anthrone reagent. This substance is supposed to be a low-molecular glycoprotein.

Agglutination↗

PubMed1984

[Demonstration of envelope-containing viruses by the agglutination of antibody-coated Staphylococcus aureus].

A rapid agglutination method was worked out for the demonstration of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the bovine leukosis virus (BLV) with the use of specific antibody-charged Staphylococcus aureus cells. It consists in the production of formalin-treated St. aureus cells, their sensibilization with specific antibodies, and their agglutination with the respective viral antigens. The latter were obtained from cell lines infected with NDV, resp., BLV as well as with purified NDV. It is concluded on the basis of the results obtained that the agglutination test suggested is rapid, specific, and sensitive and can be employed as an adjunct means in various immunochemical investigations and in the practice for the demonstration of the virus in infectious material.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1984

A new agglutination test for serum antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia virus.

A new gelatin particle agglutination test was developed for assay of natural antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV/HTLV-I). Partially purified viral antigen from culture fluid of a virus-producer cell line was coated on artificial gelatin particle carriers. A high correlation was observed between the titers of antibodies determined by the agglutination test and by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The agglutination test is simple, sensitive and specific, and should be useful for mass screening of human sera for viral antibodies.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Use of cell agglutination with concanavalin A to detect cattle infected with the leukemia virus].

The method of cell agglutination with concanavalin 'A' was employed to study lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of cattle spontaneously infected with the virus of leukosis. The infection in the animals was demonstrated through the agar gel immunodiffusion test based on the presence of antibodies. As controls served lymphocytes of normal cattle that were serologically and clinically negative for leukosis as well as lymphocytes, of cattle that were immunized with the virus of the mucous disease and with adeno-, rota, and parainfluenza-3 viruses. It was found that 10(6) lymphocytes of cattle infected with the leukosis virus was agglutinated by concanavalin 'A' used at the rate of 500-2000 microgram/cm3, while the same amount of lymphocytes of normal animals or animals that were immunized against the other viruses got agglutinated by concanavalin 'A' at 4000-8000 g/cm3.

Agglutination Tests↗