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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of dietary perilla oil, soybean oil and safflower oil on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH)-induced mammary gland and colon carcinogenesis in female SD rats.

The effects of diet supplemented with perilla oil, which contains a large amount of n-3 alpha-linolenic acid, and n-6 linoleic acid rich soybean and safflower oil supplemented diets on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)- and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced mammary gland and colon carcinogenesis were investigated in female SD rats. Groups of 23 or 24, 5 week old animals were first given three s.c. injections of 40 mg/kg body wt DMH followed by a single intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg body wt DMBA within 2 weeks of the commencement. Starting 1 week after the DMBA treatment, they were administered pellet diet containing 10% perilla oil, soybean oil or safflower oil for the succeeding 33 weeks. Histological examination revealed that the resultant numbers of mammary tumors per rat were significantly lower in rats given perilla oil diet (4.4 +/- 2.5) than in the soybean oil diet group (6.5 +/- 3.9). Furthermore, colon tumor incidence was significantly lower in animals receiving the perilla oil supplement (18.2%) than in those given safflower oil diet (47.4%), and the numbers of colon tumors per rat tended to be lowest in rats administered perilla oil. Also the incidence of nephroblastomas in rats receiving perilla oil diet (0%) was significantly lower than that for the soybean oil diet group (23.8%). The results thus indicate that the alpha-linolenic acid (n-3)-rich perilla oil diet inhibits development of mammary gland, colon and kidney tumors as compared to linoleic acid (n-6)-rich safflower or soybean oil diet.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1991

Carcinogenicity of dinitropyrenes in the weanling female CD rat.

The carcinogenicities of 1-nitropyrene and 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrene were assessed in weanling female CD rats. The animals were administered one of the compounds at 10 mumol/kg body wt through intraperitoneal or intragastric administration three times a week for 4 weeks. The total cumulative dose averaged 16 mumol/animal. The experiment was ended 78 weeks following the first administration. The average survival period for the animals in the 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrene i.p. treated groups, due to the occurrence of life-threatening peritoneal malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) in nearly all of the animals, were 19 and 38 weeks respectively. 1,3-Dinitropyrene induced only a few MFHs. 1,8-Dinitropyrene also induced a significant incidence of leukemia. A significant increase of the incidence of mammary tumors was observed in the groups of rats treated i.p. with 1-nitropyrene, or 1,3- or 1,8-dinitropyrene, and those treated i.g. with 1,8-dinitropyrene. These results demonstrate that nitropyrenes are capable of inducing MFH, mammary tumors and leukemia in the rat.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Rat mammary gland carcinogenesis after local injection of N-hydroxy-N-acyl-2-aminofluorenes: relationship to metabolic activation.

A single local injection of 2.5 mumol of N-hydroxy-N-formyl-2-aminofluorene (N-hydroxy-FAF), N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF), or N-hydroxy-N-pro-pionyl-2-aminofluorene )N-hydroxy-PAF) to each of the six left mammary glands of female Sprague-Dawley derived CD rats gave a mammary tumor incidence, after 12 months, of 53% for the N-acetyl (42% adenocarcinoma, 11% fibroadenoma), 41% for the N-formyl (8% adenocarcinoma, 11% sarcoma, 22% fibroadenoma), and 33% for the N-propionyl (11% adenocarcinoma, 22% fibroadenoma) derivatives of N-hydroxy-N-2-aminofluorene, Latent periods for malignant tumor appearance (adenocarcinoma or sarcoma) was 210 days, 148 days, and 177 days, respectively, with no malignant tumors occurring in the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, latent periods for benign tumor appearance (fibroadenoma) was 263 days for control animals, 289 days for the N-hydroxy-AAF, 324 days for the N-hydroxy-FAF, and 317 days for the N-hydroxy-PAF animals. When N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) was applied as above there was only an 8% mammary tumor incidence (4% adenocarcinoma, 4% fibroadenoma) with a latent period of 207 days for malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) and 221 days for benign tumor (fibroadenoma) appearance. Arylhydroxamic acid N, O-acyltransferase activity has been demonstrated in the mammary glands of male, and lactating and non-lactating female Sprague-Dawley derived CD rats by means of nucleic acid binding assay. Mammary gland cytosol catalyzed tRNA adduct formation to a greater extent with N-hydroxy-FAF. AAF was not activated by this enzyme. Ammonium sulfate fractionation demonstrated the presence of two enzymes, one specific for N-hydroxy-FAF (70-80% fraction), the other specific for N-hydroxy-AAF and N-hydroxy-PAF (40-70% fraction). Moreover, gel filtration chromatography of mammary gland cytosol demonstrated the presence of two enzymes of differing acyl specificity. Mammary gland microsomes catalyzed the formation of tRNA adducts, but only with the N-hydroxy-FAF derivative. Assays that tested the mutagenic potential of the arylhydroxamic acids in Salmonella typhimurium TA-1538 with either mammary gland cytosol or microsomes demonstrated the order of mutagenicity to be N-hydroxy-FAF greater than N-hydroxy-AAF greater than N-hydroxy-PAF. A similar order of mutagenicity was demonstrated without an external metabolic activation system. These data demonstrate that the presence of two distinct enzymes in the rat mammary gland that activate arylhydroxamic acids.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1987

Mammary and renal tumor induction by low doses of adriamycin in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The oncogenic potential of adriamycin was studied in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Single i.v. injection of 10 or 2 mg and repeated injections of 2 mg of adriamycin/kg body wt within 2 weeks were performed on rats, 50 days old at the commencement. All surviving animals were killed at 52 weeks of the experiment. Multiple mammary tumors, mostly fibroadenomas, were observed in 30 and 41% of the females given single low (2 mg/kg) or repeated doses (5 X 2 mg/kg) respectively. These incidences were significantly higher than those for the corresponding control group (8%). Two male rats in the low dose group also developed mammary tumors. Both sexes receiving the single high dose (10 mg/kg) injection demonstrated early mortality due to marked toxicity. The mortality of five repeated-treatment group was lower than a single high-dose group. Renal cell tumors were evident in five rats of the single, low dose groups and dysplastic foci of renal tubular epithelium occurred in the groups given a single low or repeated doses of adriamycin. Thus the present experiment provides preliminary indication of carcinogenic potential of this chemotherapeutic agent for both kidney and mammary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats and further investigations are necessary to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of adriamycin treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of a novel gene with differential expression in benign and malignant human breast tumours.

We report the identification of a novel cDNA representing an mRNA showing significantly higher levels of expression in benign breast lesions than in carcinomas. This cDNA was identified by differential screening of a cDNA library generated from a breast carcinoma, and shows consistently higher expression in fibroadenomas than in carcinomas. The expression in both benign and malignant tissues is highest in epithelial cells as determined by in situ hybridization to tissue sections. The nucleotide sequence of the full-length cDNA has been determined, and the deduced protein is highly basic with no signal or transmembrane sequence, but two potential nuclear localization signals. Neither the DNA nor the protein sequence show any significant homology to sequences in current databases. The cDNA hybridizes to multiple sequences within both human and other mammalian genomes, but to single genomic sequences in Drosophila, Physarum and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This cDNA therefore represents a highly conserved gene sequence. We have identified only one major transcript in human cells, and it seems likely that there are several pseudogenes within the human genome.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1991

Smoking habits and risk of benign breast disease.

The relationship between smoking habits and the risk of benign breast disease (BBD) was analyzed using data from a case-control study conducted between 1981 and 1983 in the greater Milan area, Northern Italy. Cases (n = 288) were women with histologically confirmed BBD (203 dysplasia, 85 benign tumours) referred to the National Cancer Institute of Milan for biopsies. Controls were women (n = 291) seen on selected days for a cytological smear for cervical cancer in outpatient clinics of the same Institute. No consistent association emerged between various indicators of smoking habits (smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking) and the risk of BBD. Compared with never smokers the relative risk (RR) of all BBD combined was 0.7 (95% confidence interval, Cl: 0.4-1.3) in exsmokers, 1.4 (95% Cl: 0.8-2.5) in smokers of less than 10 cigarettes per day, and 1.1 (95% Cl: 0.7-1.7) in smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day. There was some suggestion that the risk may be below unity post-menopause, but the relative risks for smokers were not statistically different in pre- (RR = 1.2; 95% Cl: 0.8-1.8) and post-menopausal (RR = 0.6; 95% Cl: 0.2-1.7) women. The risk of benign tumours (chiefly fibradenoma) was higher in current smokers, but this finding was not statistically significant (RR = 1.5; 95% Cl: 0.9-2.6) and the highest risks were observed in the strata of lighter smokers and those with shorter duration of smoking. Overall these results fail to support a negative association between smoking habits and benign breast disease.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1978

Benign and malignant breast tumours: epidemiological similarities.

Reproductive risk factors were estimated for 783 cases of cystic disease of the breast, 155 fibroadenoma, 94 miscellaneous breast conditions, and 284 breast cancers. Controls were matched for age, race, ever-married status, time of hospitalization and pay status. The most consistent attributes are a tendency to be still premenopausal, to have had her first pregnancy beyond the age of twenty-five years (or to have had none), and to have had fewer total pregnancies than the control. All are associated with a longer menstrual life prior to onset of the disease than the controls. Findings for cystic disease are compared with other studies. Patients with benign breast disease share some of the demonstrated risk factors for breast cancer.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1975

Neoplastic and life-span effects of chronic exposure to tritium. II. Rats exposed in utero.

A study was conducted to determine the effects on neoplasia incidence and life-span of exposure in utero to a major environmental radionuclide. Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed to tritiated water (HTO) from conception through birth in doses of 0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 muCi HTO/ml body water. HTO administration was terminated at birth. Calculated cumulative doses during gestation were approximately 0, 6.6, 66, 330, and 660 rads of total body irradiation. Under these exposure conditions, the two highest doses resulted in sterile offspring. Animals surviving through 30 days postnatally were defined as the study population and observed until their deaths. Intrauterine exposures to doses up to 66 rads had no significant effects on either sex with respect to life-span, overall neoplasia incidence, incidence rate, or onset of mammary fibroadenomas. Females exposed to 330 or 660 rads were sterile and had lower incidence rates of mammary fibroadenomass than did controls; at 660 rads females had a lower incidence of overall neoplasia and reduced mean life-spans. Sterile male offspring had reduced mean longevity after irradiation at 660 rads. Regardless of dose group, females had significantly higher incidences of neoplasia and longer life-spans than males.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1976

Antigenic cross-reactivity between adenocarcinoma of the breast and fibrocystic disease of the breast.

Peripheral lymphocytes obtained from 12 of 13 patients who had fibrocystic disease (FCD) of the breast were specifically cytotoxic to breast adenocarcinoma cells, as measured in vitro by the microcytotoxicity test. Sera from 6 women with active FCD or metastatic breast cancer could specifically block the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from either population of patients against cancer cells. This implied extensive antigenic cross-reactivity between benign and malignant hyperplastic disease of the breast. Sera from 4 individuals clinically free of FCD or breast fibroadenoma (FAD) neutralized the blocking activity in the sera of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients "cured" of FCD or FAD represented a pool of potential plasma donors for immunotherapy of recurrent breast cancer.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1976

Comparative carcinogenicity of 5-nitrothiophenes and 5-nitrofurans in rats.

We investigated the carcinogenicity of five 5-nitrothiophenes with heterocyclic substituents at the 2-position of the thiophene ring by feeding the chemicals to Sprague-Dawley rats and comparing the type and incidence of lesions with those appearing after exposure to two 5-nitrofurans. Benign and malignant mammary tumors and intestinal tract sarcomas were the most frequent lesions induced by 5-nitrothiophenes. 4-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)quinazoline caused a 100% incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas in 28 female rats at risk; it induced 3 benign and 5 malignant mammary tumors and 13 small intestine sarcomas in 20 male rats. A high incidence of similar lesions was observed in male and female rats fed the corresponding 5-nitrofuran analogue, 4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)quinazoline. In marked contrast, 4 of 28 female rats receiving 4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)quinazoline, which lacks the nitro group at the 5-position on the thiophene ring, had solitary benign mammary tumors (P greater than 0.2). Additional 5-nitrothiophenes demonstrating significant oncogenic activity for female rats were 4-morpholino-2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)quinazoline, 4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)quinazoline 4-(2,3-dihydroxypropylamino)-2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)quinazoline, and 1,2-dihydro-2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one. Another nitrofuran, 4,6-dimethyl-2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-pyrimidine, provided the following types of neoplasms in 30 female rats at risk: squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach (30), sarcomas of the intestine (21), adenocarcinomas of the kidney (2).

Adenocarcinoma↗