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PubMedDate not supplied

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets with glycine improve long-term tolerability in antiplatelet drug therapy: results of a noninterventional trial.

To determine the tolerability of a glycine (Gly)-containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparation (Gly-ASA), investigators selected 1135 patients already receiving longterm antiplatelet therapy for a noninterventional trial of Gly-ASA 50 to 300 mg daily. After an average treatment period of 42.6 days, tolerability rating scores and the frequency of 5 gastrointestinal (GI) complaints were compared with those reported for any previous treatment, including plain ASA. After treatment with Gly-ASA, the mean percentage of patients without GI complaints increased more than 2-fold, from 28.2% to 60.6%. Furthermore, the mean percentage of patients reporting any GI symptoms as "always" present decreased from 8.5% to 0.5%. Gly-ASA tolerability was rated "excellent" or "good" by 98% of the patients. In 10 patients (0.9%), Gly-ASA treatment was terminated prematurely due to GI intolerance (n=4) and nonmedication-related causes (n=6). With respect to long-term treatment compliance, the improved tolerability profile observed with this Gly-ASA preparation indicates an important advantage over nonglycine-containing ASA alternatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A copper-complex reduced gastric damage caused by acetylsalicylic acid and ethanol.

We investigated the effect of oral administration of CuNSN, a bis(2-benzimidazolyl) thioether (see structure 1) on gastric lesions induced in rats by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or ethanol. The involvement of endogenous eicosanoids and nitric oxide in protection by CuNSN was evaluated with indomethacin and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), inhibitors of prostaglandin and NO synthesis respectively. L-arginine and its enantiomer D-arginine were also used. Pretreatment with graded doses of CuNSN inhibited ASA- and ethanol-induced mucosal injury. CuNSN increased PGE2 output in rat ex vivo gastric mucosal pieces after administration of 100 mg/kg of ASA. Pretreatment with indomethacin only partially counteracted the protective activity of CuNSN against ethanol-induced damage. L-NNA did not attenuate the protection by CuNSN, which was reduced but not prevented by indomethacin, suggesting that prostanoids contribute to the CuNSN protective effect, together with some mechanism(s) other than NO synthesis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

The effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin E2 and acetylsalicylic acid on flow distribution and on the transfer of alanine, glucose and water in isolated perfused guinea pig placentae.

The influence of oxytocin (OXY), sulproston (SUL) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on L-alanine- (ALA), D-glucose- (GLU) or water- (H(2)O) uptake (maternal side) in the isolated perfused guinea pig placenta was investigated. Uptake was measured with a single injection, paired tracer dilution method. 'T50' values were derived from venous concentration curves (extracellular marker) as the distance (sec) between two concentration values at 50 per cent of peak concentration. T50 values were regarded to reflect the change of flow distribution on the maternal side. On average, there was a significant apparent inhibition of GLU uptake (by 27.2 per cent from control values) by OXY as well as of ALA uptake by OXY (26. 0 per cent), by ASA (56.6 per cent), and by SUL (56.7 per cent). The respective mean T50 values decreased significantly in the above groups by 15.9 per cent, 18.7 per cent (ns), 42.2 per cent and 56.7 per cent. However, it was not possible to generate dose-response curves whereas significant correlations of uptake values with T50 values were found. There was no dose-response relationship between T50 values and OXY or ASA concentrations but decreased mean T50 values were found. For SUL a weak correlation of T50 and SUL concentration was found. The r -value of GLU uptake and T50 was 0.57, for H(2)O uptake this value was 0.70, for ALA uptake the r -values were 0.51 (OXY), 0.35 (SUL) and 0.31 (ASA). Correlation of uptake and concentrations were not significant. We conclude that the 'inhibitory' effects of OXY, ASA and probably SUL on placental transfer are unspecific and the consequence of flow shifts from the placental exchange area to the uterine muscle.

Alanine↗
PubMed2000

The effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid on bleeding after transurethral prostatectomy--a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: An increase in the loss of blood after ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has been reported after several types of surgery, but randomized placebo-controlled studies have exclusively been performed after coronary artery bypass surgery. The reported effects of ASA on bleeding after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) have been conflicting. We have studied the effect of low doses of ASA (150 mg) on bleeding after TURP in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized to receive either 150 mg ASA (n = 26) or placebo (n = 27) 10 days before surgery. The weight of resected tissue, operation time and blood loss, transfusion requirements and complications were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the median operative blood loss between the groups (p = 0.528), but postoperatively the blood loss in the ASA group (median 284; quartiles 196-660 ml) was significantly higher than in the placebo group (median 144; quartiles 75-379 ml), (p = 0.011). No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the amount of resected tissue (p = 0.209) or the operating time (p = 0.297). In both groups the operative blood loss was significantly related to the amount of resected tissue (p < 0.005) and the operating time (p < 0.005). No significant difference in transfusion requirements (p = 0.280), time to catheter removal (p = 0.455) and hospital stay (p = 0.820) were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION: Long-term low-dose ASA therapy is associated with a significant increase in the postoperative blood loss after TURP, and although no significant difference in transfusion requirements was observed more units of blood were used in the ASA group. We advise that ASA therapy should be withdrawn 10 days before TURP.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation in male and female whole blood: an in vitro study.

We have used the impedance aggregometer to study the in vitro effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in whole blood (WB) versus platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using blood samples from 24 male and 24 female healthy volunteers. IC50 was calculated from dose-response curves of ADP-, adrenaline-, collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation. ASA inhibited platelet aggregation in WB with a lower IC50 than PRP in male and female samples; the greater differences between WB and PRP inhibitory effect of ASA were in collagen- and archidonic acid-induced aggregation. A higher ASA concentration was needed in order to produce half maximal inhibition of platelet aggregation in female than in male samples with both WB and PRP method, except when ADP was used as the aggregating agent in PRP.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of piroxicam and acetylsalicylic acid for pain in head and neck cancers: a double-blind study.

This double-blind, placebo controlled study compared the analgesic efficacy of piroxicam with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients having continuous pain with advanced head and neck cancers. They were randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients each; 36 of these 50 patients completed the study. After four days of treatment, there was a significant reduction in a modified numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain in the piroxicam group as well as in the ASA group. There was a concomitant increase in the hours of sleep in the piroxicam group and in the ASA group. The decrease in NRS and the increase in sleeping hours was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. Patients receiving piroxicam had a low incidence of upper gastrointestinal side-effects compared with those receiving ASA. The results of this study suggest that piroxicam can be used as first line treatment in place of ASA in patients with head and neck cancers suffering from moderate to severe pain. The advantages are less frequent dosing, better patient compliance and few side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The absorption of acetylsalicylic acid from the stomach in relation to intragastric pH.

A comparative study on the effect of a buffered (pH 6.5) and an unbuffered (pH 2.9) solution of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on gastric pH, gastric emptying, and gastric absorption of ASA was performed in 10 healthy volunteers. Gastric pH was recorded using radiotelemetry. Gastric emptying and gastric absorption was studied with an aspiration technique and phenol red as nonabsorbable marker. Administration of the unbuffered solution to the fasting subjects resulted in a gastric pH of about 2 and absorption of ASA from the stomach was found to occur. The buffered solution of ASA increased gastric pH to above 5 and gastric absorption of ASA was found to be significantly less than after the unbuffered solution. The buffered solution was emptied from the stomach more rapidly than the unbuffered one.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Inhibition of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated incorporation of tritiated thymidine.

Since mechanisms for known anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in rheumatic or immunological diseases are poorly understood, we have studied effects of ASA on in vitro responses of human lymphocytes. Viable lymphocytes from normal individuals were cultured sterilely at 10(6) cells/ml in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 20% pooled AB plasma, at 37degreesC, 5% CO2. Replicate cultures were incubated with or without adding ASA and unstimulated or stimulated by PHA, Con-A, PWN, Candida, or SK-SD. Cultures contained greater than 95% mononuclear and greater 80% viable cells before pulsing with [3H]TdR, harvesting, and counting. Results indicated that adding 3-40 mg/100 ml ASA to culture resulted in significant inhibition of mitogen-induced blastogenesis. As little as 5-10 mg/100 ml ASA caused approximately 30% inhibition of [3H]TdR uptake, and virtually complete inhibition occurred with 20 mg/100 ml of ASA. Stimulation of cells from persons who were skin-test positive for Candida and SK-SD by these antigens in vitro was similarly suppressed by ASA. Exposure of cells to ASA before stimulation in medium without ASA still demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of blastogenesis. Cells from normal individuals, obtained immediately and several days after orally ingesting therapeutic amounts of ASA (plasma level 23 mg/100 ml), cultured in medium without ASA, stimulated less well to mitogens that did cells obtained from these persons before ASA ingestion. These data show that: (i) therapeutic concentrations of ASA inhibit lymphocyte blastogenesis to both mitogens and antigens; (ii) inhibition was non-cytotoxic and partially reversible; and (iii) cells from normal subjects who had ingested therapeutic amounts of ASA responded less well to mitogens in vitro than before ASA ingestion. These observations are pertinent to clinical investigations of cellular immune response of individuals on drug therapy and to the possible mechanism(s) of anti-inflammatory action of ASA in immunologically mediated diseases.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1992

[Acetylsalicylic acid ultraphonophoresis in the treatment of the pain syndrome in patients with lumbar osteochondrosis].

Data are reported of an experimental-clinical substantiation and therapeutic use of acetylsalicylic acid ultraphonophoresis of pain syndromes of radicular and reflex genesis in 144 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis. Improvement was noted in 57.3% in severe pain, 31.2% in moderate pain, and 75% in mild pain. Aspirin ultraphonophoresis was effective in pain syndrome of radicular genesis in 71% of cases and in 60.5% of reflex genesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of triflusal and acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation in human whole blood: influence of red blood cells and leukocytes.

A study has been made on the in vitro effect of triflusal, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA and their major metabolite, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB), and salicylic acid (SA), on platelet aggregation in human whole blood. SA exhibited no significant antiplatelet effects (IC50 greater than 2mM) against several inducers; the IC50 values for the other compounds were: triflusal, 140 microM against ADP and 63.2 microM against collagen; HTB, 100 microM against ADP and 260 microM against collagen; ASA 687 microM against ADP and 9.3 microM against collagen. Red blood cells potentiate the antiaggregant effect of HTB and of triflusal, and to a lesser extent, that of ASA; leukocytes primarily potentiate the effect of ASA and, to a lesser extent, that of triflusal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of courses of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate administration on the carbohydrate-phosphorus metabolic indices in vascular tissue].

Experiments on 78 adult rats were made to study the effects of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate administered daily for 7 and 14 days on the content of pyruvic, lactic, citric acids and inorganic phosphate in the wall of blood vessels of different function. Salicylates were demonstrated to reduce the content of citric acid by the 7th day and that of pyruvic acid by the 14th day, to increase the level of lactate and inorganic phosphorus during both observation periods. The degree of the changes revealed is unequal in different vessels, being more pronounced after sodium salicylate administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben, and acetylsalicylic acid on platelet function and prostaglandin metabolism.

Twenty-four men received either placebo, 0.1 g of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben, 0.25 or 1.0 g of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Dazoxiben reduced the maximal rate of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but less than did ASA. ASA abolished secondary, ADP-induced aggregation, dazoxiben not. Both drugs prolonged the bleeding-time. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) levels did not change significantly after dazoxiben, whereas the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose. The larger dose of ASA reduced both TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in plasma. Whole blood was allowed to clot in order to estimate prostaglandin metabolism. Both drugs prevented thromboxane production effectively. Formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased by 95 per cent after ASA but was more than doubled after dazoxiben. Dazoxiben is a selective and effective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, but has a weaker effect on platelet reactivity than ASA, possibly because endoperoxide formation is not prevented.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1980

[Prophylaxis of thromboembolism in abdominal surgery. Comparison of low dose heparin, acetylsalicylic acid and their combination (author's transl)].

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of three possibilities of prophylaxis of thromboembolism: low dose heparin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and a combination of the two. The evaluation of the clinical observations showed no significant differences between the three prophylaxis groups. The iodine fibrinogen test showed no different reaction with regard to the leg, a superiority of ASA in the thigh was suggested, at least in our random samples. Whether this observation is the reason why the frequency of fatal pulmonary emboli can be reduced by ASA is discussed. The complete calculation points to a superiority for ASA here. The size of the selected samples is, however, too small for more definite statements.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Augmentation of the immune response to influenza vaccine by acetylsalicylic acid: a clinical trial in a geriatric population.

The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy of oral acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a comparatively safe, inexpensive biological response modifier, as an adjuvant to influenza vaccination in a geriatric population. 281 healthy adults, 65 years or older, received influenza vaccine and were randomized to ASA or placebo. Serum antibody against influenza A/Beijing and B/Panama, influenza antigen-stimulated blastogenesis and antigen-stimulated interleukin-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro were increased following vaccination. Blastogenic response and interleukin-2 production increased to a similar extent in the two treatment groups. The proportion of participants with a 4-fold rise in specific antibody directed against influenza A/Beijing was greater among ASA recipients (p < 0.05). This difference was more marked in subjects > 75 years old (p < 0.01).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid treatment on thyroid hormones, prolactins, and the stress response of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).

The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway converts arachidonic acid (ArA) into prostaglandins (PGs), which interact with the stress response in mammals and possibly in fish as well. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a COX inhibitor and was used to characterize the effects of PGs on the release of several hormones and the stress response of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Plasma PGE2 was significantly reduced at 100 mg ASA/kg body wt, and both basal PGE2 and cortisol levels correlated negatively with plasma salicylate. Basal plasma 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) was reduced by ASA treatment, whereas prolactin (PRL)188 increased at 100 mg ASA/kg body wt. ASA depressed the cortisol response to the mild stress of 5 min of net confinement. As expected, glucose and lactate were elevated in the stressed control fish, but the responses were blunted by ASA treatment. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity was not affected by ASA. Plasma osmolarity increased after confinement in all treatments, whereas sodium only increased at the high ASA dose. This is the first time ASA has been administered to fish in vivo, and the altered hormone release and the inhibition of the acute stress response indicated the involvement of PGs in these processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Prevention of reinfarction with acetylsalicylic acid].

A report is presented on the prospective trial for prophylaxis of myocardial reinfarction by means of acetylsalicyclic acid. For the first time it was organized on the basis of population. 1,340 patients were treated with acetylsalicylic acid or placebo respectively for 22 months on an average. There were 24 cases of reinfarction in the group of treatment and 51 in the placebo group. The difference is significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Time of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid administration influences in vivo platelet function and thrombus formation following arteriotomy and intimectomy; an experimental study in small arteries of rabbits.

To investigate if low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 4 mg/kg b.w., infused peroperatively or 10 hours preoperatively has antithrombotic effects, the central arteries of rabbit ears were prepared and 32P-labeled platelets injected. Arteriotomy and intimectomy were performed and blood flow was restored. Bleeding times at the sites of arteriotomy/intimectomy, in vivo accumulations of isotope-labeled platelets, amounts of red thrombotic material, and patency were recorded. Bleeding times following arterial puncture and the effect of ASA on thromboxane production were studied separately. Ten hours after ASA administration, bleeding times were shortened at the sites of arteriotomy/intimectomy but were prolonged following arterial puncture. Platelet accumulations were lower in patent vessels in this group than in an untreated control group. Peroperative ASA treatment increased but treatment 10 hours prior to blood flow restoration did not significantly affect the number of occlusions. Thromboxane production in ASA-treated rabbits is largely inhibited even 14 hours after administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The influence of mechanical stimuli and of acetylsalicylic acid on the discharges of slowly conducting afferent units from normal and inflamed muscle in the rat.

In anaesthetized rats, the influence of an experimental inflammation and of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the discharge properties of muscle receptors with slowly conducting afferent fibres was studied using a single-fibre recording technique. Following the induction of a myositis with carrageenan, the proportion of units having background activity and the frequency of the background discharge were significantly increased. The latter change was particularly prominent in high-threshold mechanosensitive (HTM) units. There was evidence for an inflammation-induced lowering of mechanical threshold in HTM units, but the change was not statistically significant. Administration of ASA intravenously led to a decrease in the frequency of background discharge in some units while others were unaffected, although they appeared to be sensitized by the inflammation. If one assumes that at least some of the HTM receptors fulfil nociceptive functions, the results suggest that the pain and tenderness of an inflamed muscle is largely due to a sensitization and hence increased activity of nociceptive muscle receptors. The sensitization is only partially abolished by ASA.

Action Potentials↗