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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer enhances surgical revascularization of necrotic bone.

Avascular necrosis of bone is a relatively common clinical condition caused by inflammatory conditions, steroid or other drug use, and trauma that affect many different sites in man. Revascularization of the necrotic bone is slow to occur, often resulting in bone resorption and eventual collapse of the involved bone. Rapid revascularization and subsequent bone remodeling may lead to improved outcomes. Surgical revascularization with arterovenous bundles (AV bundles) or vascularized bone grafts results in neoangiogenesis and bone remodeling. Gene transfer of an angiogenic factor to the vessel wall may be an additional strategy to further accelerate this process. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer to augment surgical revascularization of necrotic bone. An adenoviral vector, either with the VEGF gene (VEGF-A) or identical virus without the cDNA VEGF insert (ADV-DeltaE1) was used to transduce endothelial cells in rabbit saphenous arteries. The artery was then placed with its venae comitantes as an AV bundle into necrotic iliac crest bone in vivo. Angiogenesis in the necrotic bone was quantified by bone blood flow measurement and assessment of vessel density following microangiography. The extent of neoangiogenesis was significantly greater in the VEGF group than the control group at 1 week postoperatively.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Differential expression of sucrose transporter and polyol transporter genes during maturation of common plantain companion cells.

The cDNAs of two sorbitol transporters, common plantain (Plantago major) polyol transporter (PLT) 1 and 2 (PmPLT1 and PmPLT2), were isolated from a vascular bundle-specific cDNA library from common plantain, a dicot plant transporting Suc plus sorbitol in its phloem. Here, we describe the kinetic characterization of these sorbitol transporters by functional expression in Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in Xenopus sp. oocytes and for the first time the localization of plant PLTs in specific cell types of the vascular tissue. In the yeast system, both proteins were shown to be uncoupler sensitive and could be characterized as low-affinity and low-specificity polyol symporters. The Km value for the physiological substrate sorbitol is 12 mm for PmPLT1 and even higher for PmPLT2, which showed an almost linear increase in sorbitol transport rates up to 20 mm. These data were confirmed in the Xenopus sp. system, where PmPLT1 was analyzed in detail and characterized as a H+ symporter. Using peptide-specific polyclonal antisera against PmPLT1 or PmPLT2 and simultaneous labeling with the monoclonal antiserum 1A2 raised against the companion cell-specific PmSUC2 Suc transporter, both PLTs were localized to companion cells of the phloem in common plantain source leaves. These analyses revealed two different types of companion cells in the common plantain phloem: younger cells expressing PmSUC2 at higher levels and older cells expressing lower levels of PmSUC2 plus both PLT genes. The putative role of these low-affinity transporters in phloem loading is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Myofibromatosis-like hemangiopericytoma metastasizing as differentiated vascular smooth-muscle and myosarcoma. Myopericytes as a subset of "myofibroblasts".

A thyroid hemangiopericytoma that was resected in a 5-year-old boy recurred insidiously in the larynx 8 years later. Marked cicatricial mucosal inflammation prevented a definitive pathologic diagnosis of recurrence until a nodule grew to obstruct the airway 15 years after initial surgery. After excision of the nodule, a larger sarcomatous metastasis was discovered in the upper esophagus and resected, but the patient eventually succumbed to widespread disease at the age of 20 years. The original tumor contained atypical pericytes and bundles of hyalinizing smooth muscle abutting on "staghorn vessels," a pattern similar to infantile myofibromatosis. Desmin immunostaining was negative in the pericytes but positive in smooth-muscle cells dispersed singly as well as in bundles. Both elements reacted strongly for vimentin and the alpha-isoform of actin (alpha-SMA) found in normal smooth muscle and pericytes. A third cell type showing dendritic processes and immunoreactivity for all three antigens was interpreted as a myopericyte. Spindled cells in multiple subsequent mucosal biopsy specimens stained retrospectively also positive for these antigens. Large bundles of vascular smooth muscle surrounded by radiating myocytes characterized the occluding laryngeal nodule. In the esophageal metastasis, which showed no histologic features typical of hemangiopericytoma, numerous mitotically active, small, vimentin+, desmin+, alpha-SMA+ cells often maintained shortened processes and tended to form nodular aggregates about capillaries. Single rows of pericytes accreted to endothelial tubes. Ultrastructurally, some cells contained myofilaments and irregular dense material or showed rare cell junctions and variable investment by a basal lamina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

[Changes of the dermal-fascial autograft after transplantation on the vascular-nervous connections using a microsurgical technique].

In 56 dogs 86 microsurgical operations on transplantation of free dermal-facial autografts from the internal knee surface have been performed on the hidden vascular-nervous bundle. The animals have been observed for 1 day up to 1 year. The implanted grafts (63) have been studied, using a complex of anatomical, histological and roentgenological methods. During early time (up to 7 days) after the operation in the flap signs of edema, dystrophy and inflammatory infiltration of tissues predominate. The graft gets blood at the expense of the restored main artery and has no vascular connections with the surrounding tissues. Its nervous conductors are fragmented. During 2 weeks--1 month epidermis completely regenerates along the line of the dermal suture. In the flap bed mature granulations result in vascular connections with its surrounding tissues. These connections become stable by the end of the first month, this means that the graft has implanted. Its nervous fibers are also restored. Long-term observations demonstrate that the adaptive changes of the flap and its vascular bed are near to completion. By the end of the 1st year restoration of the main innervational connections of the graft takes place. According to the data obtained, the nervous conductors grow into it along the sewed hidden nerve and along the course of paravasal nerve plexuses. Across the scar from the surrounding tissues the dermal-fascial autograft does not reinnervate.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Inner amputation of an upper extremity with impaired cerebral perfusion and lethal outcome].

An inner amputation of the upper extremity is understood to be a rupture of the arm's vascular nerve bundle as well as the shoulder's and scapular's stabilizing muscles and fibrous joints without damage to the dermal soft tissue sheath. This injury is a rare and grave incident which mostly occurs within the scope of a high-energy trauma and in cases of polytraumatized patients in combination with additional life-threatening injuries. In the literature this is referred to by the terms scapulothoracic dissociation (SD) and closed forequarter amputation--the entity of SD was first described by Oreck et al. in 1984. Traction of the upper extremity leads to the rupture of the m. pectoralis major, m. pectoralis minor, the musculi rhomboidei, the m. levator scapulae, the m. latissimus dorsi as well as the m. trapezius. Furthermore the traction causes acromioclavicular or sternoclavicular bursting of the joints or a displaced clavicle fracture. Among the more than 50 cases depicted until now, 94% of the patients exhibit a neurological (plexus) and 80% a vascular lesion, thus corresponding to a genuine inner amputation. The prognosis for this injury is consistently poor: 10% of the patients die, in 52% an nonfunctional extremity remains, and in 21% a untimely amputation has to be performed. The observed complication of cerebral hypoperfusion caused by increasing pressure in the neck compartment, which ultimately leads to the death of the patient, has, as far as we know, not yet been specified and emphasizes the gravity and the magnitude as well as the necessity of rapid diagnosis and appropriate therapy of this infrequent injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of pharmacologic agents on human keloids implanted in athymic mice. A pilot study.

The treatment of keloids remains difficult. In experimental studies, lathyrogenic agents and colchicine have been shown to be effective in keloid prevention. Recently, a study was published of a new animal model utilizing human keloids implanted in athymic mice. We used the same model to compare the effects of penicillamine, acetylcysteine, colchicine, and triamcinolone acetonide. Unexpectedly, all keloids implanted showed a growth peak at 4 weeks and then regression in size. Histologic sections of the implanted keloids revealed peripheral vascularity, collagen bundles similar to the parent keloids, and no evidence of implant rejection. After 8 weeks, the mice treated with the lathyrogenic agents exhibited a higher rate of regression when compared with the control mice. While triamcinolone acetonide may have prevented keloid implant growth, drug toxic reaction may have been a factor.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed2005

Anatomic bases of graciloplasty using end-to-side nerve pudendal anastomosis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of reinnervation of the gracilis muscle, transposed around the anus, by the pudendal nerve using an end-to-side nerve anastomosis. This study was carried out in 14 cases (7 adult human cadavers bilaterally). The gracilis muscle and its vascular-nervous bundle have been dissected and the nerve innervating the gracilis muscle has been cut at its origin. The gracilis muscle, accompanied by its nerve, has then been transposed around the anus. The pudendal nerve has been dissected from its extrapelvic part. The reinnervation using an end-to-side nerve anastomosis has been considered as feasible when the proximal ending of the nerve of the gracilis was put into a tension-free contact with the extrapelvic part of the pudendal nerve. The extrapelvic part of the pudendal nerve has a common trunk in 12 cases. The width of the extrapelvic part of the pudendal nerve was 2.6+/-0.7 mm, range 1-3.5. The width of the proximal endings of the nerve innervating the gracilis muscle was 2.3+/-0.5 mm, range 2-3. The reinnervation of the gracilis muscle by the pudendal nerve has been possible in 14 cases. An average supplementary length of 17.4+/-15.4 mm was available (range 5-52). These results suggest an eventual practical aspect of this technique for the reconstruction of a functional sphincter using the gracilis muscle transposed around the anus.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Identification and localization of transformed cells in agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors of dicotyledonous plants consist of well-defined vascular bundle-like structures originating from transformed cells. The current view that 25% of the tumor cells are transformed has been re-investigated by using beta-glucuronidase (gus)-gene-containing wild-type bacteria (A281 p35S gus-int). Regularly growing stem and leaf tumors showed irregular GUS-staining patterns in the different plant species, Ricinus communis L., Cucurbita maxima L., Vicia faba L. and Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier. Variable staining and inconsistency between staining and tumor growth suggested an inhibition of gus expression. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses it became evident that gus is also integrated into the DNA of unstainable tumor parts but not expressed. These results and area calculations of tissues unable to contain the bacterial transferred-DNA with gus provide strong evidence that in A. tumefaciens-induced tumors most cells, or even all, are transformed, i.e. ca. 100%.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Surgical ablation of oviductal extrinsic innervation changes GABA levels in the rat fallopian tube.

The origin of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rat oviduct was investigated by measuring GABA levels in the oviduct after selective ablation of the extrinsic oviductal innervation. Rats killed 20 days after ablation of nerves connected with the left oviduct showed no differences in GABA levels in the left vs the right oviduct. Rats killed 50 days after ablation of the left ovarian vascular nerve bundle showed a decreased GABA content in the left vs the right (intact) oviduct which was more pronounced in rats killed 90 days after ablation. In contrast, GABA levels were unchanged 50 days after ligation of either the suspensory ligament of the ovary or the uterine artery. Our results indicate the involvement of a GABAergic component in the extrinsic innervation of the rat oviduct.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1994

Demonstration of benzodiazepine receptors in submucosal neurons of the gastrointestinal tract.

Benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors were visualized in laminar preparations of the rat colon submucosa, using a fluorescent derivative of the benzodiazepine receptor ligand desdiethyl fluorazepam, Bodipy RO-1986 (50 nM). Collateral confirmation of the results obtained were sought through immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody (62-3GI) for benzodiazepine cell receptors. Both procedures showed that a large proportion of ganglia in the colon submucosa displayed cells with extensive labelling of their soma. Nerve fibres and processes, blood vessels and vascular nerve bundles were not labelled. Fluorescent ligand-labelling could be reduced, using the BZ receptor ligand diazepam (5 microM). These findings provide an anatomical basis for the previously described neuropharmacology of BZ in the gut.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orbital solitary fibrous tumor: report of two cases and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare, benign, and very uncommon lesion in the orbit. Because of its complex and variable clinical and histological appearance the SFT is often misdiagnosed. CASES: Two new cases of orbital SFT are reported, one in a man and the other in a woman, both unilateral and in the superomedial orbit. OBSERVATIONS: Clinical and tomographical evaluations were conducted and the lesions were excised. The histological evaluation showed the tumors were composed of spindle-shaped cells within collagen bundles and vascular channels. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD 34 and negative for S-100 protein. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical study is an important adjuvant in determining the SFT diagnosis. Long-term follow-up is necessary because of the possibility of SFT recurrence after excision.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac myxoma with a cytokeratin-immunoreactive glandular component.

This study documents the expression of cytokeratin intermediate filaments (IFs) in a surgically excised glandular atrial myxoma. The glandular structures showed also positivity for carcinoembryonic antigen. Typical isolated or cordlike myxoma cells contained vimentin IFs. Positivity for von Willebrand factor was detected in cells lining deep invaginations of surface papillae and vascular channels. Bundles of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts scattered throughout the myxoid matrix synthesized the isoform of alpha-actin specific for smooth muscle.

Heart Atria↗
PubMed2002

Surgical management of macroglossia: discussion of 7 cases.

OBJECTIVE: We present an overview of international literature concerning macroglossia-related etiology, clinical and instrumental diagnoses, surgical treatments, complications, and recurrences. Moreover, we present a series of cases of patients affected by macroglossia who have been treated surgically at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Rome "La Sapienza". METHODS: Between 1990 and 1999, only after attempts to solve this pathologic condition with medical and orthodontic treatment, we treated surgically a total of 7 patients (4 male and 3 female). The surgical techniques used were Köle glossectomy and Dingman and Grabb glossectomy. We analyzed the clinical and instrumental study and the surgical treatment, including possible complications and recurrences. RESULTS: After follow-up of a period from 2 to 9 years, macroglossia recurrences were absent, showing that the Köle and the Dingman and Grabb glossectomies are viable surgical options for treatment of macroglossia. CONCLUSION: The best therapy for each case macroglossia must be carefully evaluated, with the right medical therapy and orthodontic therapy attempted first and surgical treatment performed only when the first and second therapy fail. Moreover, surgical techniques must be chosen in accordance with the functional results that one wants to achieve and must be the most conservative technique to preserve the vascular-nerve bundle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Granular cell myoblastoma in the tongue of a dog: a case report.

A granular cell myoblastoma was found in the dorsal side of the tongue of a 9-year-old female mongrel Pinscher. Macroscopically the tumour was white, well circumscribed, and 1 1/2 cm in diameter. Microscopically the tumour cells were arranged in small compact nests or cords with delicate, poorly vascularized collagen bundles in between. Acinar structures were found, also a few mitotic figures were present. Cytoplasmic granules showed a positive periodic acid Schiff reaction. Ultrastructural features included indented nuclei and small-sized vesicular cytoplasmic granules. The histogenesis of the neoplasm remains uncertain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An unusual case of solid hamartoma in the liver.

An unusual case of solid hepatic hamartoma, which could not be correctly categorized under the WHO classification, is reported. The well defined, solid nodular lesion, arising in the anterior edge of the left hepatic lobe, was found in a 15-month-old female infant. The lesion was composed of irregularly shaped yellow islands of parenchyma and white-gray nodules of fibrous stroma of various sizes, which were intermingled revealing a mosaic pattern. Prominent bile ductal proliferation was observed histologically in the fibrous stroma, associated in parts with dense or loose periductal bundles and vascular proliferation. The stromal proliferation seemed to result in erosion of the islands of differentiated parenchymal cells with no regeneration. Alpha-fetoprotein was demonstrated immunohistologically in the parenchymal cells of the lesion. From these findings, the essential component of this solid hamartoma was thought to be markedly proliferating bile ducts associated with periductal fibrosis, resulting in a fibroadenomatous pattern.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed2004

Presence of vascular adventitial fibroblastic cells in diffuse-type gastric carcinomas.

AIM: To investigate morphological changes in the tumour vessel adventitia, particularly the distribution of vascular adventitial fibroblastic cells (VAFCs)--namely, CD34 positive fibroblastic cells just outside the vascular media--in diffuse-type gastric carcinomas. METHOD: In total, 18 surgically resected advanced typical diffuse-type gastric carcinomas and their normal tissues were examined. Immunostaining for CD34, CD31, high molecular weight caldesmon (HCD), and cytokeratin 8 (CAM5.2) was performed to detect VAFCs. VAFCs are positive for CD34 but negative for CD31, and are located just outside the vascular media (HCD positive vascular smooth muscle bundle). The areas just outside the vascular media in the whole maximum tumour cut surface were assessed, except the tumour growing edge, which was confirmed by immunostaining with CAM5.2. CD34 positive and CD31 negative cells just outside the vascular media were defined as VAFCs. RESULTS: VAFC containing vessels were seen in 17 of the 18 diffuse carcinoma tissues. Vessels lacking VAFCs were also detected in these 17 tumours. In contrast, all of the vessels lacked VAFCs in the remaining tumour. In the 18 samples of normal tissue, all of the vessels contained VAFCs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the presence of VAFCs is associated with the infiltration of diffuse scattered gastric carcinoma cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Sensory nerves affect the recruitment and differentiation of rat periovarian brown adipocytes during cold acclimation.

Rat periovarian adipose tissue contains a low number of uncoupling protein-expressing brown adipocytes scattered into lobules of white fat. Their increase following cold acclimation is matched by a major increase in noradrenergic and neuropeptide Y-, substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves. To ascertain whether periovarian fat is provided with sensory nerves, and whether any relationship exists between such nerves (in particular the calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibers found in cold-acclimated rats in close association with brown adipocytes) and brown fat recruitment, the effects of capsaicin desensitization on neuropeptide-containing nerves and brown adipocyte density were studied in the periovarian tissue of rats kept at 20 degrees C and on a group acclimated to 4 degrees C for 14 days. In both groups, systemic capsaicin administration considerably reduced the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in vascular-nerve bundles and parenchyma. In cold-acclimated rats, the increase in brown adipocyte density was significantly checked by capsaicin administration (21.11 versus 7.96 brown adipocytes/mm2, P<0.05). Finally, ultrastructural investigation showed the occurrence of brown adipocyte precursors filled with aggregates of glycogen and poorly differentiated multilocular adipocytes in capsaicin-treated cold-acclimated rats. These data suggest that periovarian adipose tissue is indeed provided with sensory neuropeptide-containing nerves and that they play a role in the recruitment and differentiation of brown adipocytes.

Acclimatization↗