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PubMed1987

Wechsler Intelligence Scale profiles, the cholinergic system, and Alzheimer's disease.

Forty-one patients with putative Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were evaluated to determine the diagnostic utility of a profile of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) subtests which has been proposed by Fuld (1984) to identify cholinergic dysfunction. Only nine (21.9%) of these patients had positive Wechsler profiles. Half (n = 21) of the AD patients had been given the WAIS, and the other half (n = 20) the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). Positive profiles occurred more often in the AD subgroup given the WAIS-R, but this difference was not statistically significant. Specificity of the formula was evaluated using Wechsler results of 42 older normals and 30 patients who were being evaluated for dementia but who did not have AD. One of the 42 normals (2.4%) and five of the patient controls (16.7%) showed a positive Wechsler profile. Because of the Fuld formula's low sensitivity, a negative Wechsler profile cannot be used to help rule out AD. Although specificity of the formula is high, the diagnostic value of a positive Wechsler profile is modest even under the most favorable AD baserate conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The effect of induced mood states on performance profile areas of perceived need.

The performance profile technique is now widely used by a range of sports scientists, usually as the first step in implementing a training programme. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of altered mood states on areas of perceived need for an individual identified by the performance profile. Sixty-seven university sports science students (30 females, 37 males) participated in the study. They completed their performance profile and a shortened version of the Bi-polar Profile of Mood States before and after four separate mood manipulation treatments (happy, sad, neutral, control). The participants were allocated at random to one of four groups and completed the treatments in a counterbalanced order. Mood manipulation checks identified that both the happy and sad manipulations were successful. Profile areas of perceived need, identified through discrepancies in an individual's perceptions of ideal and current state, were not affected by the sad and neutral manipulations or by the control condition. However, areas of perceived need were significantly lower after the happy mood manipulation than before the treatment. Our results show that asking individuals to complete their profiles when in a happy mood state is likely to affect judgements and result in an underestimation of perceived need for improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Low-budget method for lifestyle improvement in primary care. Experiences from the Göteborg Health Profile Project.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a self-administered preventive tool dealing with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its effect with special reference to the question: did the project involve persons most in need of lifestyle changes? DESIGN: Screening questions offered to consecutive patients and followed by a self-administered health profile, intervention, and follow-up. Setting. Primary healthcare area of Askim, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Men and women between 18 and 65 years of age visiting GPs for acute disorders or planned visits during a three-month period were offered screening questions and, if wanted, a health profile. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rates, effects on lifestyle factors. RESULTS: There was an overrepresentation of subjects with a less favourable lifestyle among those who asked for the health profile. There was good agreement for all variables between self-estimation in screening questions and grading in the basal health profile. Lifestyle improvement was observed for dietary habits, physical activity, and mental stress at the one year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that a relevant selection of persons with a "risk profile" can be made by means of simple screening questions. The pedagogic model using self-administered health profile in combination with own responsibility seems to be a tool for low-budget preventive work in primary healthcare.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of local diets with added sucrose on glycemic profiles of healthy and diabetic Brazilian subjects.

OBJECTIVE: We set out to determine the daily glycemic profile of healthy and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) persons and to test the hypothesis that small amounts of sucrose added to NIDDM meals would not change their responses. METHODS: Thirteen NIDDM and six healthy volunteers participated in the study. They initially consumed a diet similar to their home diet and later a diabetic hospital dietary regimen, with and without 30 g/day sugar replacing equivalent food energy. The hospital diet included their usual foods: bread, milk, rice, beans, meat, vegetables and fruits at breakfast, lunch and dinner. To follow their glycemic profile we drew several blood samples during a 22-hour period. RESULTS: The day-long plasma glucose profile of the NIDDM and healthy subjects showed similar patterns, increasing after the meals and returning later to baseline levels. The extra amount of sucrose consumed did not change the daily glycemic profile or the calculated glycemic area under the 22-hour glycemic curves. These results call attention to the importance of the 22-hour glycemic profile compared to other shorter glycemic indexes. CONCLUSION: The 22-hour profile has obvious advantage for planning day-long diabetic diets, taking in consideration local daily foods and usual eating habits. Maintenance of a small and traditional amount of food, e.g., sucrose, without harmful effects to the subjects, is another advantage of this proposition. It improves patient compliance as well as social daily life.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prediction of dissolution profiles of acetaminophen beads using artificial neural networks.

Immediate release acetaminophen (APAP) beads with 40% drug loading were prepared using the extrusion-spheronization process. Eighteen batches of beads were prepared based on a full factorial design by varying process variables such as extruder type, extruder screw speed, spheronization speed, and spheronization time. An in vitro dissolution test was carried out using the USP 27 Apparatus II (paddle) method. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed based on the aforementioned process variables and dissolution data. The trained ANN models were used to predict the dissolution profiles of APAP from the beads, which were prepared with various processing conditions. For training the ANN models, process variables were used as inputs, and percent drug released from APAP beads was used as the output. The dissolution data from one out of 18 batches of APAP beads was selected as the validation data set. The dissolution data of other 17 batches were used to train the ANN models using the ANN software (AI Trilogy) with two different training strategies, namely, neural and genetic. The validation results showed that the ANN model trained with the genetic strategy had better predictability than the one trained with the neural strategy. The ANN model trained with the genetic strategy was then used to predict the drug release profiles of two new batches of APAP beads, which were prepared with process variables that were not used during the ANN model training process. However, the process variables used to prepare the two new batches of APAP beads were within the confines of the process variables used to prepare the 18 batches. The actual drug release profile of these two batches of APAP beads was similar to the ones predicted by the trained and validated ANN model, as indicated by the high f2 values. Furthermore, the ANN model trained with genetic strategy was also used to optimize process variables to achieve the desired dissolution profiles. These batches of APAP beads were then actually prepared using the process variables predicted by the trained and validated ANN model. The dissolution results showed that the actual dissolution profiles of the APAP beads prepared from the predicted process variables were similar to the desired dissolution profiles.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2004

Similarities and differences in Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Third Edition (WISC-III) profiles: support for subtest analysis in clinical referrals.

Our study supports the reliability and validity of profile analysis in children with neurobiological disorders. Three mutually exclusive WISC-III profiles were identified that characterized the majority of children with autism (low coding or Freedom from Distractibility Index with low Comprehension), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability (low Coding or FDI without low comprehension), and brain injury (low Performance without low Coding or FDI). The profiles suggest attention, writing, and performance speed deficits in autism, ADHD, and LD; global visual-motor problems in brain injury; and specific difficulty with language comprehension and social reasoning in autism. Children with anxiety, depression, and behavior disorders did not exhibit distinct profiles. Our profile analysis is based on the simple rank ordering of standard scores. The profiles are clinically useful because they may alert clinicians to certain diagnostic possibilities, they reveal characteristic strengths and weaknesses that have implications for educational intervention, and they are consistent with preliminary WISC-IV data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Non-Voigt Lyalpha Absorption Line Profiles.

Recent numerical simulations have lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the intergalactic medium and the loss of a physical justification for Voigt profile fitting of the Lyalpha forest. Many individual lines seen in simulated spectra have significant departures from the Voigt profile, yet could be well fitted by a blend of two or more such lines. We discuss the expected effect on the line profiles due to ongoing gravitational structure formation and Hubble expansion. We develop a method to detect departures from Voigt profiles of the absorption lines in a statistical way and apply this method to simulated Lyalpha forest spectra, confirming that the profiles seen do statistically differ from Voigt profiles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Toxin-gene profile heterogeneity among endemic invasive European group A streptococcal isolates.

We determined the toxin-gene profiles of 239 endemic, invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates that circulated, within a 5-year period, in European university hospitals. Profiling was performed by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction that screened for 9 streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (speA, speB, speC, speF, speG, speH, speJ, ssa, and smeZ). Analysis revealed that invasive GAS isolates do not share a common toxin-gene profile. Although all emm types were characterized by several different toxin-gene profiles, a predominance of 1 or 2 toxin-gene profiles could be observed, reflecting that a few invasive clones have spread successfully throughout the world. Remarkably, statistical pair-wise analysis of individual toxin genes revealed that strains that did not share the predominant profile still showed a nonrandom distribution of key toxin genes characteristic of the specific emm type. This could indicate that M proteins function, directly or indirectly, as barriers for horizontal gene exchange.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

Beam profiles in the nonwedged direction for dynamic wedges.

One feature of the dynamic wedge is the improved flatness of the beam profile in the nonwedged direction when compared to fixed wedges. Profiles in the nonwedged direction for fixed wedges show a fall-off in dose away from the central axis when compared to the open field profile. This study will show that there is no significant difference between open field profiles and nonwedged direction profiles for dynamically wedged beams. The implications are that the dynamic wedge offers an improved dose distribution in the nonwedged direction that can be modelled by approximating the dynamically wedged field to an open field. This is possible as both the profiles and depth doses of the dynamically wedged fields match those of the open fields, if normalized to dmax of the same field size. For treatment planning purposes the effective wedge factor (EWF) provides a normalization factor for the open field depth dose data set. Data will be presented to demonstrate that the EWF shows relatively little variation with depth and can be treated as being independent of field size in the nonwedged direction.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

"Quality profiling" for complementary medicine: the example of a hospital for traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the methodological approach of "quality profiling" for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is to offer an empirical database that would enable different participants in the health care system to evaluate the quality of a medical provider. METHODS: Quality profiling is a structured way of describing quality on the levels of infra-structure, patients, medical interventions, outcomes, and quality assurance related to one specific provider. As part of a program called "quality management and research," this type of profiling constitutes one basic step for generating knowledge in terms of evidence-based medicine as well as confidence-based medicine. Quality profiling is exemplified by a hospital for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Germany. Within 1 year all in-patients were included in the database using questionnaires for physicians and patients at the time of admission, discharge from the hospital, and follow-up inquiries at intervals up to 1 year after discharge. The frequency of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions was recorded daily. RESULTS: Data for 1036 patients (mean age 53 years old, 73% female) were analyzed. The most frequent diagnostic categories were musculoskeletal disorders (30%) and neurologic disorders (26%). Therapeutic effects were shown in various outcome measures such as reduced intensity of complaints, improved quality of life, increased satisfaction in lifestyle areas, and fewer days off work. In 6.5% of the subjects, adverse events (mostly of minor severity) were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Quality profiles can serve as a basic tool for evaluating provider quality when the results are compared with either a predefined standard or with profiles of other providers who are offering similar medical services.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Profiler: an open web platform for multi-omics analysis.

MOTIVATION: High-throughput multi-omics technologies produce increasingly large and heterogeneous datasets that are difficult to analyze without advanced computational expertise. Existing bioinformatics tools are often fragmented or limited to specific omics types, hindering reproducibility and accessibility. There is a critical need for an integrated, user-friendly, and scalable platform capable of supporting multi-omics analyses across different data modalities. RESULTS: We present Profiler, an open-source, modular platform that unifies data import, quality control, preprocessing, statistical testing, machine and deep learning, biomarker discovery, pathway and drug-target enrichment, and survival modeling within a single reproducible environment. Built in Python with Streamlit, Profiler is available as both a web-based platform deployed on high-performance computing and a desktop version for local execution, enabling flexible usage across computational infrastructures. Profiler supports diverse omics modalities, including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, and electroencephalogram data. Through applications to glioblastoma proteomic, pancancer, and multi-omics datasets, Profiler reproduced known molecular subtypes, revealed potential therapeutic targets, and generated fully traceable analysis reports within minutes. By integrating advanced analytics behind an intuitive interface, Profiler democratizes multi-omics analysis and provides a robust, scalable foundation for systems biology and precision medicine research. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Profiler is open-source and freely available via its web platform (https://prism-profiler.univ-lille.fr) and GitHub (web version: https://github.com/yanisZirem/Profiler_v1_requests_datatests, desktop version: https://github.com/yanisZirem/prism-profiler), and archived on Zenodo (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17478158).

Software↗
PubMed2003

PCMA: fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment based on profile consistency.

UNLABELLED: PCMA (profile consistency multiple sequence alignment) is a progressive multiple sequence alignment program that combines two different alignment strategies. Highly similar sequences are aligned in a fast way as in ClustalW, forming pre-aligned groups. The T-Coffee strategy is applied to align the relatively divergent groups based on profile-profile comparison and consistency. The scoring function for local alignments of pre-aligned groups is based on a novel profile-profile comparison method that is a generalization of the PSI-BLAST approach to profile-sequence comparison. PCMA balances speed and accuracy in a flexible way and is suitable for aligning large numbers of sequences. AVAILABILITY: PCMA is freely available for non-commercial use. Pre-compiled versions for several platforms can be downloaded from ftp://iole.swmed.edu/pub/PCMA/.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of the mutational profile of (+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S, 10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase gene in repair-deficient Chinese hamster V-H1 cells.

Earlier studies have shown that the profile of mutations induced by (+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (+)-BPDE at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene of Chinese hamster V79 cells was dependent on the concentration of (+)-BPDE. In the present study, we examined the effect of the concentration of (+)-BPDE on its mutational profile at the hprt gene in repair-deficient V-H1 cells (a derivative of V79 cells) to explore the role of DNA repair in the dose-dependent mutational profile of (+)-BPDE. Independent hprt mutant clones were isolated after exposing V-H1 cells to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or to low (4-6 nM; 95% cell survival) or high (40-48 nM; 31% cell survival) concentrations of (+)-BPDE in DMSO. The mutation frequencies for the DMSO control and for the low and high concentration groups were 0.1, 2.1 and 32.9 mutant colonies/10(5) survivors, respectively. The profile of mutations at the hprt gene was characterized for 148 (+)-BPDE-induced mutant clones and the results from the present study were compared with those obtained earlier with V79 cells. The data indicated that: (i) V-H1 cells were approximately 9-fold more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of (+)-BPDE than V79 cells; (ii) the mutation frequency in V-H1 cells was similar to that observed in V79 cells following exposure to similar concentrations of (+)-BPDE; (iii) (+)-BPDE-induced mutations at guanine on the transcribed strand of the hprt gene were common in V-H1 cells but were extraordinarily rare in V79 cells; (iv) (+)-BPDE-induced mutations at adenine on the transcribed strand of the hprt gene were common in both V-H1 and V79 cells; (v) although exposure of V79 cells to different doses of (+)-BPDE resulted in a dose-dependent mutational profile at the hprt gene, this was not observed in V-H1 cells. Our observations indicate a defect in the transcription-coupled repair of (+)-BPDE-DNA adducts in V-H1 cells and that the repair activity deficient in V-H1 cells is essential for the dose-dependent mutational profile observed with (+)-BPDE in V79 cells.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
PubMed1999

Predictive value of early human chorionic gonadotrophin serum profiles for fetal growth retardation.

The possibility of using first trimester maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) profiles to predict fetal growth retardation (FGR) was tested in 236 women with singleton pregnancies obtained after in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Pregnancies were monitored by serial analysis (two or more) of serum HCG at at least 48 h intervals. Serum was obtained between the 13th and the 35th day after conception (i.e. on the day of IVF). Early miscarriage occurred in 23.7% and FGR in 10.9% of pregnancies. Serum HCG profiles were higher than the 90th and lower than the 10th percentile in 12.3% and 19.5% of the cases respectively. FGR was significantly more frequent in women with serum HCG profiles lower than the 10th percentile than in women with normal profiles (45.5% versus 7.2%; P < 0.001), with a relative risk of 6.5 (95% confidence interval 2.7-15.6). FGR rates were similar in women with normal and high profiles of serum HCG. Pre-eclampsia and premature delivery rates were similar in women with normal and abnormal profiles of serum HCG. First trimester serum HCG should be further investigated as a potential marker of FGR.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Identification of mosquito bloodmeal source by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profile analysis of the cytochrome B gene.

Previous studies have shown that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) heteroduplex analysis (HDA) of the cytochrome B (cytb) gene is useful in identifying mosquito bloodmeals derived from avian hosts. However, interpretation of PCR-HDA gels is performed visually, which can make it difficult to analyze large numbers of specimens and to compare results between laboratories. We investigated the utility of a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) assay to analyze cytb PCR products. PCR was performed on 123 blood or tissue samples from 55 avian, 13 mammalian, and one amphibian species by using end-labeled primers to amplify a 358-bp segment of cytb. Each PCR product was sequenced to determine predicted terminal restriction fragment (TRF) profiles. Additionally, experimental TRFs were determined by sizing fragments from restriction endonuclease digests with capillary electrophoresis. A Web-based searchable database was created to compare unknown mosquito bloodmeal TRF profiles against sequence-predicted and experimentally derived terminal fragment lengths of known vertebrates. The predictive value of experimental profiles was found to be accurate to the species level for 67 of 69 species (97%). Fifty-nine field-collected mosquitoes were tested to determine the bloodmeal source using the T-RFLP method. The bloodmeal source from 50 of these mosquitoes was identified by comparing the TRF profile of the unknown source against the cytochrome B database. The bloodmeal source from the remaining nine mosquitoes was not identified as no known profile matched the experimentally derived profile. T-RFLP analysis is a highly reproducible technique and the searchable TRF database is continually being expanded to include additional species from diverse geographic areas.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Phydbac2: improved inference of gene function using interactive phylogenomic profiling and chromosomal location analysis.

Phydbac (phylogenomic display of bacterial genes) implemented a method of phylogenomic profiling using a distance measure based on normalized BLAST scores. This method was able to increase the predictive power of phylogenomic profiling by about 25% when compared to the classical approach based on Hamming distances. Here we present a major extension of Phydbac (named here Phydbac2), that extends both the concept and the functionality of the original web-service. While phylogenomic profiles remain the central focus of Phydbac2, it now integrates chromosomal proximity and gene fusion analyses as two additional non-similarity-based indicators for inferring pairwise gene functional relationships. Moreover, all presently available (January 2004) fully sequenced bacterial genomes and those of three lower eukaryotes are now included in the profiling process, thus increasing the initial number of reference genomes (71 in Phydbac) to 150 in Phydbac2. Using the KEGG metabolic pathway database as a benchmark, we show that the predictive power of Phydbac2 is improved by 27% over the previous version. This gain is accounted for on one hand, by the increased number of reference genomes (11%) and on the other hand, as a result of including chromosomal proximity into the distance measure (16%). The expanded functionality of Phydbac2 now allows the user to query more than 50 different genomes, including at least one member of each major bacterial group, most major pathogens and potential bio-terrorism agents. The search for co-evolving genes based on consensus profiles from multiple organisms, the display of Phydbac2 profiles side by side with COG information, the inclusion of KEGG metabolic pathway maps the production of chromosomal proximity maps, and the possibility of collecting and processing results from different Phydbac queries in a common shopping cart are the main new features of Phydbac2. The Phydbac2 web server is available at http://igs-server.cnrs-mrs.fr/phydbac/.

Artificial Gene Fusion↗
PubMed2002

Health profiles and health preferences of dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has been assessed with health profiles and health preferences methods. Few studies have used both types of HRQOL instruments. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between information from the two types of HRQOL instruments in dialysis patients. METHODS: We interviewed 135 patients, using two health profiles (Short Form 36 and EuroQol/EQ-5D) and two health preferences methods (Standard Gamble and Time Trade Off). Socio-demographic, clinical, and treatment-related background data were collected from patient charts and during the interview. Relationships between the outcome measures were assessed with Pearson correlation coefficients. Multiple regression models were used to study the relationship of HRQOL outcomes to background variables. RESULTS: The HRQOL of dialysis patients as measured with health profiles was severely impaired. The health preferences scores were higher (0.82-0.89) than scores previously reported in the literature. Correlations between health profiles and health preferences were poor to modest. HRQOL outcomes were poorly explained by background characteristics. Differences between HD and PD groups could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Health profiles and health preferences represent different aspects of HRQOL. An impaired health status may not be reflected in the preference scores. Coping strategies and other attitudes towards health may affect the preference scores more than they influence health profile outcomes. The added value of health preferences methods in clinical research is limited.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of correlated dose and sensitivity profiles on a multi-slice CT scanner.

In the case of computed tomography (CT) scanners as well as other imaging techniques utilising ionising radiation, it is imperative that radiation is confined to the sensitive part of the image detector. Assuring this for a CT scanner requires detailed information about the scanner dose and sensitivity profiles and their spatial correlation. The profiles should ideally be co-centric and tightly fit to each other. Ensuring this inherent performance of the scanner can be seen as one of the fundamental steps in optimising diagnostic examinations with CT. A measurement device using a dedicated liquid ionisation chamber is employed to investigate the performance of a Toshiba Aquilion 16 scanner in this aspect. Dose profile and sensitivity profile pairs for four collimations are presented where each pair of profiles are spatially correlated to each other. The measurement device can be applied to any scanner for fast and accurate assessment of dose and sensitivity profiles and their spatial correlation.

Humans↗