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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mitigation of device-associated thrombosis and thromboembolism using combinations of heparin and tirofiban.

Combined anti-platelet-anticoagulant therapy is increasingly being used to reduce the risk of device-induced thrombosis and thromboembolism. However, direct quantitative confirmation of the effectiveness of this combination approach is lacking. This study was undertaken to quantify the effects of various combinations of heparin (anticoagulant) and tirofiban (antiplatelet agent) on device-induced thrombosis and thromboembolism using a coronary stent as a prototype device. Adult sheep were implanted with ex vivo carotid-carotid shunts containing replaceable tubing segments in which nitinol stents were deployed. Nine combinations of heparin (average activated clot time = 129, 199, and 355 seconds) and tirofiban (0%, 50%, and 100% platelet inhibition) were tested at random with three replicates per animal. Thrombus weight on the stent at the end of each experiment (1 hour) was measured, and emboli released from the stent were continuously monitored during the experiment using a light scattering microemboli detector. With no tirofiban, increasing the heparin concentration was associated with a decreased endpoint thrombus weight (p < .05) but with a slight (non-significant) increase in the number of downstream thromboemboli. However, the presence of tirofiban decreased both thrombus weight and thromboemboli numbers (p < .05), regardless of the heparin concentration. In the presence of medium or high tirofiban, an increase of heparin from low to medium levels also decreased both thrombus weight and thromboemboli numbers (p < .05). Heparin alone does not provide adequate protection against thromboembolism (and may actually increase it by reducing thrombus cohesive strength). However, the combination of heparin and tirofiban is effective in reducing both thrombus and thromboemboli, and an optimal combination may exist.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mitigating effects of dialysable leukocyte extract (DLE) on the experimental allergic uveitis (EAU) of the rabbit.

Experimental allergic uveitis (EAU) is an induced autoimmune disease by administering soluble retinal S antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In rabbits, the result is the occurrence of chorioretinitis in 90% of the cases. The first inflammation is followed by spontaneous relapses. The EAU of the rabbit was utilized to study the effects of the dialyzable leucocyte extract (DLE) on the course and the intensity of the disease in this autoimmune model. The DLE preparations examined differed with regard to their origin or the immunological stimulation of the initial material (DLE from humans (DLE Hu) and DLE from the normal rabbit (DLE RaO) or rabbits which had EAU (DLE RaEAU) and rabbits which had received CFA (DLE Ra (CFA). One unit of DLE corresponds to the extract from 10(9) cells. The administration of DLE starts with the onset of inflammation. 4 x 0.5 units were administered during the first week, 1 x 0.5 units per week from the 2nd to the 12th week. All preparations decrease the cumulative frequency of the days of illness significantly. The duration of the initial inflammation is reduced in all animals treated, but only in part significantly. There appears a graduation of efficacy: DLE RaEAU greater than DLE Ra CFA greater than DLE Hu greater than DLE RaO. Overall, it can be seen that, on the one hand, there is no specificity or restriction of the species for the efficacy and, on the other hand, the extent of the effects depends on the degree of the immunological stimulation. The maximum efficacy of DLE RaEAU is not exclusively due to the transmission of an antigen-specific sensitization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mitigating disasters: power to the community.

The average Japanese disaster, according to the British environmental agency Earthscan, kills 63 people. In Peru, however, the average death toll is 2,900 persons. This is because poor countries, and the poorest people within poor countries, are the most vulnerable--and it is vulnerability that kills.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1990

Closed reduction by two-phase skin traction and functional splinting in mitigated abduction for treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.

A method of a two-phase closed reduction using longitudinal skin traction followed by abduction was employed by the authors for treatment of children with congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH). Longitudinal traction was used for two to four weeks, depending on the child's age and the degree of dislocation. Traction in abduction required two weeks. Splinting after reduction was used with an intermediate abduction device, which allowed immediate hip function and motion without the risk of redislocation. The results of 1178 treated hips, with follow-up examinations in 809 cases, demonstrate the efficacy of this method even for completely dislocated hips. The procedure is nonaggressive, results in a low incidence of femoral head osteonecrosis (3.4%), and is suitable for children with CDH aged six weeks to about 2.5 years.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Alpha 2 macroglobulin of the rat, an acute phase protein, mitigates the early course of endotoxin shock.

Normal rats and rats with high levels of alpha 2 macrofetoprotein (alpha M FP), an acute phase globulin induced by pretreatment with BaSO4 i.p., were injected with sublethal doses of endotoxin. One hour survival was better in the group with high levels of alpha M FP (36%) than in controls (9%). All rats receiving purified alpha M FP i.p. survived. Recovery of mean arterial blood pressure, expressed as the surface area under the curve, was significantly better in the groups with high alpha M FP levels. Leakage of i.v. administered human albumin was the same in control and BaSO4 pretreated rats. BaSO4 induces peritonitis which could explain the albumin leakage. Experiments were repeated therefore in rats pretreated with adrenaline which also initiates the production of alpha M FP. In this group, I h survival after endotoxin administration was 100% and albumin leakage was significantly less than in rats receiving either endotoxin only or BaSO4-pretreatment. In early endotoxin shock prostaglandins, including PGE2 a potent vasodilatator, are released into the circulation. From previous data it is known that alpha M FP prevents the vasodilatation and increased vascular permeability caused by PGE2. Rats with high levels of alpha M FP had a smaller fall in diastolic blood pressure after PGE2 administration than did controls with normal alpha M FP levels. The effects of alpha M FP on the haemodynamic events in early endotoxin shock could well be due to inhibition of PGE2 activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mitigation of hyperacute rejection by antilymphocyte globulin (ALG).

In HR, primarily humoral immunologic factors trigger a sequence of events that finally destroys the transplanted organ. Unspecific trapping of WBC diminishes the RBF, especially in the first compartment--the cortex. Pretreatment with ALG is able to suppress this cellular participation partially, thus postponing the stop of RBF without preventing the influence of humoral factors on the graft. As shown by pathologic and functional criteria recorded for 8 hr, an exclusive measurement of total RBF does not reflect an inhibition of the course of HR.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Mitigation of cisplatin toxicity by the complexon tetacin-calcium].

A possibility to decrease toxic properties of intraperitoneally injected platidiam (cis-platin, CSSR) administered by means of edtacal, a complexon (tetracinium-calcium, CSSR), administered per os is studied. It is established in intact mice that administration of edtacal simultaneously with platidiam or 1 h before decreases the mortality rate, diarrhea incidence and animal body mass loss. Edtacal is shown to have also an antiemetic action. Edtacal administered simultaneously with platidiam as well as 1 and 3 h before its injection does not decrease the antitumour activity of the preparation in (C57B1 X CBA)F1 mice with the Ehrlich ascite carcinoma.

Animals↗