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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Diagnosis of dermatophytoses: conventional methods and recent molecular biological methods].

Dermatophytoses such as tinea pedis and tinea unguium are very common diseases in the field of dermatology. The diagnosis of dermatophytoses is usually performed by direct microscopy and culture. The identification of species is based on morphological features of giant culture and slide culture. However, in some cases, it is difficult to identify the species clearly because the culture shows an atypical appearance or is false negative. Therefore, several molecular biological methods have been developed for precise identification of a species. The analysis of patterns of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of mitochondrial DNA is useful for identifying isolates which are not clearly identifiable by conventional biological techniques. The phylogenetic analysis of dermatophytes was made by using DNA direct sequencing of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). Sequence analysis of chitin synthase 1 (CHS 1) is a rapid tool for species level identification. We attempted the identification and viability assessment of dermatophytes based on the quantitative measurement of dermatophyte actin (ACT) mRNA. An internal fragment of the ACT, 725 to 762 bp, was isolated by PCR from the genomic DNA of dermatophytes and sequenced. ACT intron based primers were dermatophyte species-specific and primer pairs crossing the intron were dermatophyte genus-specific. The results indicated that quantification of dermatophyte ACT mRNA correlated with the results of culture and KOH examination. It is important that the identification of dermatophyte be done by combining conventional methods with molecular biological methods. In some cases results of the two methods do not correspond, and is those the fungal species needs to be re-examined.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1979

Whole-body autoradiography of bumetanide-14C in dogs by round saw method.--A combined method of autoradiography and tissue radioassay--.

The distribution of a new potent diuretic, Bumetanide, in dogs was studied by means of a combined method of whole-body autoradiography and tissue radioassay, after oral administration of Bumetanide-14C to five young beagle dogs (ca. 1.2 kg). A round saw method developed by Kalberer was applied to obtain frozen slices of dog whole-body with a thickness of 3 mm. After exposure to X-ray films from both sides of the slices at -60 degrees C, frozen samples of the main tissues as well as the blood, urine, bile and intestinal contents were obtained to be assayed for radioactivity and to be analyzed for metabolites by TLC. The advantages of the round saw method (thick slices) in larger animals as dogs and monkeys as compared to the conventional microtome method (thin sections) were pointed out and discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Insulin resistance as a non-invasive method for the assessment of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C: a comparative study of biochemical methods.

INTRODUCTION: Insulin resistance (IR) promotes the progression of fibrosis and diminishes response to treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Recently, Sydney's index (includes IR) has been proposed as a non-invasive method for the prediction of fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of Sydney's index for the prediction of advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) or absence of significant fibrosis (F0-F1) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 131 patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C. Mean age was 40 +/- 11, 78 men and 53 women. Fibrosis stage was (F0-F1) 69 patients, F2: 40, and advanced (F3-F4) in 22 patients. We measured baseline AST, ALT, GGT, platelet, cholesterol, alcohol, and IR (HOMA - IR) levels. Sydney, Forns' and APRI indexes were calculated. RESULTS: The area under the curve for the diagnosis of absence of significant fibrosis in each method was: Sydney: 0.80, Forns: 0.71, APRI: 0.70; p = ns. Moreover, the diagnostic capacity of advanced fibrosis was: Sydney: 0.88, Forns: 0.83, APRI: 0.82; p = ns. The predictive negative value of significant fibrosis was 74, 72, and 67%, respectively. Due to the presence of intermediate values, the indexes were not applicable to 36, 44 and 43% of patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of insulin resistance among biochemical non-invasive methods slightly improves the yield of other indexes. Nevertheless, results are suboptimal, and more than one third of patients might not be correctly classified.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reference standardization and analytical performance of a liquid homogeneous high-density lipoprotein cholesterol method compared with chemical precipitation method.

BACKGROUND: The use of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as a risk factor for coronary heart disease necessitates an accurate and precise method for measuring HDL-C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HDL-C reference method (RM) and designated comparison method (DCM) are time-consuming, expensive, and impractical for routine clinical use. We evaluated the Liquid N-geneous (LN-gen) HDL-C assay (Genzyme Diagnostics, Cambridge, Mass) to determine if this homogeneous reagent meets the National Cholesterol Education Program requirements for HDL-C evaluation. DESIGN: Accuracy of the LN-gen HDL-C assay was compared in combination with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) precipitation with DCM HDL-C for normotriglyceridemic serum specimens (triglycerides < 2.0 g/L) and with RM HDL-C for specimens with triglycerides levels > or = 2.0 g/L. SETTING: Genzyme Diagnostics (with RM and DCM assayed by Pacific BioMetrics Inc, Seattle, Wash) and the Lipid Reference Laboratory of the University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands. RESULTS: Linear regression to DCM (n = 90) was (LN-gen = 1.015 DCM + 0.01 g/L, r = 0.993, SE = 0.015 g/L) and (PTA = 1.004 DCM - 0.017 g/L, r = 0.980, SE = 0.025 g/L), with a mean percent bias to DCM of 3.3% and -2.8% for LN-gen and PTA, respectively. The comparison with RM (n = 69) showed an increased mean bias for PTA (-5.8%) as compared with LN-gen (1.5%). The correlation and regression equations were (LN-gen = 1.020 RM - 0.002 g/L, r = 0.985, SE = 0.017 g/L) and (PTA = 1.042 RM - 0.032 g/L, r = 0.984, SE = 0.018 g/L). The precision of LN-gen was confirmed at < 2.1% coefficient of variation, and the total error was calculated to be < or = 7.7% for both normotriglyceride and elevated triglyceride specimens at HDL-C decision points of 0.35 g/L and 0.60 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: The LN-gen HDL-C assay offers a cost-effective convenient method for meeting the 1998 precision, bias, and total error recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1978

[Comparison of two methods of antibiotic sensitivity test: gel diffusion and automatic method using ABAC apparatus. II. Study on 399 strains isolated in hospital (author's transl)].

The authors compared for routine use, the results obtained on 399 strains of Gram negative bacilli by two technics of antibiotic sensitivity: the technic of gel diffusion with imprenated discs and an automatic method (ABAC apparatus). Among the antibiotics used as a routine in our laboratory by the diffusion method and the 16 studied with the ABAC apparatus, 11 are common to both methods and were compared. The concordance of the results was greater than 90% for colistine (94.5%), oxolinic acid (93.5%), tobramycin (91.7%). It lies between 80 and 90% in the case of carbenicillin (89.1%), nalidixic acid (87.5%), kanamycin (87.2%). It is less in the case of gentamicin (77.9%), ampicillin (77.3%, chloramphenicol (76%), streptomycin (70.3%), minocycline with 55.9% gave the lowest results. The percentage of uninterpretable responses by ABAC was 0.7% for all 11 antibiotics. The correlations were good for the Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia (75.4%), Eschericia coli (87.5%). They are less in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71.6%). The ABAC makes sensitivity test automatic and appears a reliable method.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

[Comparative clinical analysis of cesarean section technique by Misgav Ladach method and Pfennenstiel method].

Clinical and biochemical parameters were analysed in 55 patients who underwent a caesarean section performed using Misgav Ladach method compared to reference group of 41 patients who underwent caesarean section using Pfannenstiel method. Shortened operation time, shortened hospitalisation time and less postoperative morbidity were observed in the Misgav Ladach group. This kind of method seems to have advantages in comparison to Pfannenstiel method.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMedDate not supplied

UV/VIS spectrophotometric methods for determination of caffeine and phenylephrine hydrochloride in complex pharmaceutical preparations. Validation of the methods.

The contents of active substances were determined in a preparation TP-4 (tablets) containing paracetamol, ascorbic acid, caffeine and phenylephrine hydrochloride. For determination of caffeine and phenylephrine hydrochloride, UV/VIS spectrophotometric method was used. The VIS spectrophotometric method based on the reaction of phenylephrine with ninhydrine in sulphuric acid (1.127 kg/l). Validation of methods performed for model mixtures proved those methods were accurate, precise, repeatable and linear in the range from 50% to 150% of the amount declared in the preparation. The content of caffeine and phenylephrine hydrochloride in TP-4, Thompyrin, Panadol Extra, Ring N satisfies the FP V demands.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1975

A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of lysozyme in human tears: description and evaluation of the method and screening of 60 healthy subjects.

A spectrophotometric micromethod for lysozyme determination in tears is described, which enables the estimation of very low concentrations of lysozyme in individual tear samples, and which can be performed rapidly. The method is based on collecting the tears by a microcapillary tube and diluting them in a special manner which increases the volume of the tear sample, thus making possible analysis of other tear constituents in addition to lysozyme. Lysozyme activity in tears is determined by reduction of optical density (OD) of Micrococcus lysodeikticus suspension. The sensitivity of the method was determined on the basis of repetitive readings. The level of lysozyme in tears of 60 healthy people was determined by this method and found to be 6.1 mg. per milliliter hen egg lysozyme (HEL) with standard deviation of 1.57 mg. per milliliter HEL or 1.5 mg. per milliliter human tear lysozyme (HTL) with standard deviation of 0.39 HTL. Lysozyme level in tears of both eyes of each individual is equal, and any difference observed between the two eyes is due to the variability of the method.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bizoń's method of social network and social support assessment: description of the method and its application].

The development of the social network and social support assessment method designed by Bizoń is concisely outlined. The final version of the measurement method is described and all its components are presented in the appendix. It consists of the Interview Questionnaire, including Social Support Inventory, the Map of Social Network, the List of Social Network, Table of the data coding and Questionnaire of Demographic Data. The main studies with this instrument are reviewed. They indicate that Bizoń's method is a helpful diagnostic tool and has some advantages in comparison with similar methods applied in the studies of social support.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Long-term surgical results of total cavopulmonary connection in children with visceral heterotaxy syndrome; comparison between lateral tunnel method and extracardiac conduit method].

We reviewed our 58 experience of total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) for children with visceral heterotaxy syndrome from 1992 to 1999. Surgical results, pre- and post-operative hemodynamics, and the incidence of cardiac-related events were compared between lateral tunnel method (LT) and extra-cardiac conduit method (EC). Overall survival rate was 89.6% in 8 years. Freedom from cardiac-related events was significantly lower in LT method compared with EC method (70.8% vs. 91.3% in 5 years and 67.8% vs. 91.3% in 8 years, p = 0.048). Extra-cardiac conduit TCPC following bi-directional Glenn shunt is the procedure of choice for children with visceral heterotaxy syndrome and functional single ventricle.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation↗
PubMed2003

[Equality as Yusho diagnosis indices between blood PCB constitution data from using a conventional analytical method and a PCB isomer specific analytical method].

This paper reports that we can replace a conventional PCB analytical method with an isomer specific analytical method in Yusho diagnosis. The authors analysed 109 blood samples from people who had the 2002 annual inspection for Kanemi rice oil poisoning using both methods. The data from these methods were compared and proved to be almost the same in the so-called "PCB pattern" which has been adopted as a Yusho diagnosis index since early 1970s.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2003

[Evaluation of the 123I-IMP Patlak plot method using the pulmonary differential curve as an input function: a comparison with cerebral blood flow (CBF) determined by the noninvasive micro-sphere (NIMS) method].

We explored the possibility of applying the Patlak plot method to clinical practice as a simple non-invasive quantitative method of measuring cerebral blood flow using N-isopropyl-4-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP). On the assumption that after temporarily accumulating in the lungs, all the administered 123I-IMP is eliminated by the pulmonary arterial flow for systemic diffusion, we collected dynamic data by setting an area ranging from the brain to the whole lung field within the field of the camera. The lung clearance curve L(t) was differentiated and divided by cardiac output. It was then converted a positive number by multiplying it of--1 to determine the volume of 123I-IMP tracer diffused in arterial blood per unit of time. The calculated concentration was defined as the arterial time activity curve A(t). A Patlak plot analysis was conducted between A(t) and the brain time activity curve B(t) to determine K1 (total cerebral blood flow [tCBF], ml/min) and Vn (nonspecific initial distribution volume, ml). The total volume of tracer diffused in the central cardiovascular system within a given (T) was also obtainer from the volume of tracer remaining in the lungs [Lpeak--L(T)], and by reporting this calculation over time, an accumulation curve was produced. By differentiating the obtained accumulation curve, we were able to estimate the volume of tracer diffused in the central cardiovascular system per unit of time. With this value used as the input function index I(t), a Patlak plot analysis was conducted to determine the unidirection influx index ki, which was then multiplied by 100 to obtain the brain perfusion index (IMP-BPI). The noninvasive micro-sphere method was performed concurrently on 16 patients with cerebrovascular and/or neurological disorders to obtain mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF). Correlations between K1 and between IMP-BPI and mCBF were then determined and compared. Both K1 and IMP-BPI obtained from ki were found to correlate highly with mCBF, r = 0.759 (y = 0.032x + 20.1) and r = 0.833 (y = 2.73x + 0.10) respectively, with a better result from IMP-BPI. These results indicate that the 123I-IMP Patlak plot method with a wide-field gamma camera is clinically applicable as a simpler noninvasive technique for measuring cerebral blood flow even when a simple input function is used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Solution of inverse problem of therman equation in quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis. Theoretical effect coefficient method and fundamental parameter method].

In this paper, firstly the algorithmic relation between the weight fraction Ci, X-ray fluorescence relative intensity Ri and matrix effect factor Fi is created for the multi-element specimen on theoretical basis. Secondly, according to this algorithm relation, the typical method to solve inverse problem of Therman equation can be developed that is the theoretical influence coefficience method and the fundamental parameter method. Six standards are analysed by these two methods respectively, and results are good agree with the certified values.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1992

Long-term preservation of canine pancreas by a new simple cold storage method using perfluorochemical--the two-layer cold storage method (Euro-Collins' solution/perfluorochemical).

Long term preservation of canine pancreas by a new simple cold storage method using perfluorochemical (PFC), two-layer (Euro-Collins' solution (EC)/PFC) cold storage method, was tested in the canine model of segmental pancreas autotransplantation. The functional recovery of the graft preserved by this method (group 1) was determined by daily fasting blood glucose concentration and intravenous glucose tolerance test at two weeks after autotransplantation and compared with simple cold storage with EC (group 2), cold storage in EC with simple bubbling of oxygen (group 3), and control (no preservation) (group 4). Maintenance of normoglycemia at least 5 days after transplantation was considered a success of preservation. The functional success rates after 24 hour preservation were 4/4 (100%), 4/4 (100%) and 4/5 (80%) for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively, and the functional success rates of groups 1, 2 and 3 after 48 hour preservation were 5/6 (86%), 1/5 (20%) and 1/5 (20%) respectively. In addition the functional success rates after 72 hour preservation were 6/6 (100%), 0/6 (0%) and 0/5 (0%) for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. It was clear that the two-layer cold storage method had made it possible to preserve the canine pancreas for up to 72 hours although the upper limit of reliable preservation time of groups 2 and 3 was 24 hours. The mean K value of group 1 after 72 hour preservation was 1.78 +/- 0.42 compared with 2.05 +/- 0.32 of group 4 at two weeks after transplantation. Biopsies of grafts of group 2 and 3 after 72 hours preservation showed remarkable autolytic changes in exocrine and endocrine tissues. In contrast, biopsies of grafts of group 1 after 72 hour preservation showed almost normal architecture in both tissues. In addition, biopsies of 72 hour preserved grafts of group 1 at 4 weeks after autotransplantation showed almost normal pancreatic architecture with minimal fibrotic changes in the exocrine tissue. This study demonstrated the possibility of long-term preservation of the pancreas for transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Vena contracta width as a simple method of assessing mitral valve regurgitation. Comparison with Doppler quantitative methods.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Quantitative Doppler echocardiography and proximal flow convergence methods facilitate quantification of regurgitant volume (RV), regurgitant fraction (RF) and the measurement of effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) to define mitral regurgitation (MR) severity. Vena contracta width (VCW) has been proposed as a simple, accurate marker of MR, and is instrumental in predicting the angiographic severity of valvular regurgitation. The study aim was to compare VCW with quantitative Doppler methods and angiography for assessing MR. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with MR (50 males; mean age 54 +/- 8 years; range: 34-84 years) were included. The etiology of MR was coronary artery disease, infective endocarditis, rheumatic disease, dilated cardiomyopathy or mitral valve prolapse. Exclusion criteria included aortic stenosis and/or aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, mechanical prostheses and atrial fibrillation. RV and ERO estimated by the proximal isovelocity surface area method (PISA), and RF calculated by Doppler, were compared with VCW measured by color Doppler. The angiographic severity of MR was classified on a four-point scale, in compliance with Sellers' criteria. RESULTS: A good correlation was found between VCW and ERO (r2 = 0.70, p <0.001), RV (r2 = 0.73, p <0.001), RF (r2 = 0.71, p <0.001) and angiographic grade (r2 = 0.72, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: VCW measured by color Doppler correlates well with MR severity. In addition, VCW is a simple, reproducible quantitative measurement of MR, and is recommended for use in the non-invasive assessment of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Economical aspects on the treatments of urolithiasis by surgical methods: comparison of surgical method selections and world status].

Economical elements including surgical fee and hosipital stay become larger in the selection of surgical methods for the treatment of urinary stones. Then, urologists need to explain to patients the treatment cost to obtain informed consent. By comparing the data from participants' answer to Debate 1 at the 82th annual meeting of the Japanese Urological Association (April 2002, Tokyo) and questionnaire responses from the members of the annual meeting of central division of Japanese Urological Association (November 2002, Nagoya), we surveyed the trends of surgical methods on the treatments of staghorn caliculi and lower ureter stones. Furthermore, we clarified the cost of these methods. Based on the status of world countries, we demonstrate the ideal selection including economical aspects on the selection of endourological method.

Global Health↗
PubMed2004

Developing and establishing an ideal method of continuous-infusion epidural analgesia for delivery using the double-catheter method.

We evaluated the efficacy of a new method of induction of epidural obstetric analgesia devised by us. The upper and lower catheters used for the epidural double-catheter method were connected to a compression-type disposable injector (Coopdech Syrinjector). 0.125 % bupivacaine + 2 microg/ml fentanyl (6 ml/h) were serially injected via the upper catheter. In the latter half of Stage 1 of labor, the same drugs were continuously infused via the lower catheter (4 ml/h). The mean number of additional drug doses administered via the upper catheter was 0.67+/-0.90 (range: 0-3) when the analgesia induction was commenced after the cervix was dilated to 8 cm in nulliparous women or 6 cm in multiparous women. The method of analgesia was found to be more effective than the conventional method (uncombined continuous infusion of a local anesthetic) for alleviating the pain of the latter half of Stage 1, and Stage 2 of labor. The mean number of additional drug doses injected via the lower catheter was 0.37+/-0.57(range: 0-2). The number of additional doses in the 49 women averaged 0.16 per hour and 1.04 per delivery. Thus, good results were obtained.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2004

[Research methods in dentistry. 6. In vivo and in vitro methods for studying caries lesion progression].

This paper describes some of the most used methods for caries lesion progression measurement in in vivo and in vitro research. Clinical measurements are usually limited to visual inspection. Currently available scoring systems and statistical analyses, making use of changes in lesion stage, have the potential to make caries clinical trials more efficient. A method for light fluorescence measurements is capable of measuring small changes in mineral loss for early lesions, In the laboratory, mainly destructive methods are used. The most widely accepted gold standard at the moment is transversal microradiography (TMR). Other microradiographical methods are described, that allow for longitudinal measurements.

Dental Caries↗