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PubMed2006

A note from a survey of some knowledge aspects of leptospirosis among a sample of rural villagers in the highly endemic area, Thailand.

INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of this pilot study was to assess knowledge of leptospirosis among a sample of rural villagers in the highly endemic area, Thailand. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among a sample of 300 rural villagers in the highly endemic area of leptospirosis, Buriram Province in Thailand. A self-administered questionnaire on some knowledge aspects of leptospirosis was used. RESULTS: The response rate was 100%. Most participants (80%) had a poor knowledge of leptospirosis. There was no significant correlation of sex and age of the subjects as to the level of knowledge (chi2, p > 0.05); however, there was significant correlation of level of education and occupation of the subjects to the level of their knowledge (chi2, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although this was a limited pilot study, the results imply that the present leptospirosis control program is not successful, and that the main problem is the knowledge level of people in endemic areas. A program to improve the basic knowledge of leptospirosis of rural villagers in endemic areas must be initiated.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Adolescents and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Tuzla Canton].

INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted diseases today are the most spread infectious diseases. Their incidence is constantly increasing. Usually they affect the population age 15 to 19. OBJECTIVE: To examine and determine parameters related to sexual behavior (sexarcha, duration of sexual activity, number of sexual partners), knowledge of adolescents of Tuzla Canton about sexually transmitted diseases and how do they get informed about it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In period June to September 2003 we conduct a survey with 2995 high school boys and girls age 14 to 19 in Tuzla Canton. The survey contained questions about sexarcha, knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases, usage and knowledge on methods of contraception. RESULTS: Sexually active high school youth was 395 (13,18 %). Of that number 306 (10.22%) were boys and 89 (2.9 %) were girls (p<0.001). Average age of sexarcha for girls was 16.5+0.97 and for boys 15.7+1.2. Earliest average age of sexarcha for girls was in the municipality of Sapna (15.25+0.5) and for the boys in the municipality of Teocak (15 +1.1). In undeveloped municipalities sexual activity of adolescents of both sexes is significantly higher then in developed ones (p<0.5). High school boys and girls of Tuzla Canton showed insufficient knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. Good knowledge showed only 87 (5 %) of girls and 25 (2 %) of boys. Girls showed statistically significant better knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases than boys p<0.001). Only 208 (19 %) boys and 539 (29 %) girls talks with parents about sexually transmitted diseases and contraception. CONCLUSION: Work on education of youth, especially in undeveloped municipalities in insufficient, as well as knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases and methods of contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Patients' knowledge of umbilical cord blood banking.

OBJECTIVE: To determine patients' knowledge of umbilical cord blood banking (UCBB). METHODS: A questionnaire was administered. Part 1 queried issues of familiarity with the term UCBB. Those patients with any awareness of UCBB were provided with part 2, asking more detailed questions that assessed knowledge. RESULTS: Four hundred twenty-five patients completed the survey; 37% had no knowledge of UCBB. Older patients and those with higher degrees of education were more aware of UCBB, and the greatest disparity of knowledge was noted among Native American patients (p < 0.001). Of patients indicating familiarity with UCBB, 2.6% felt "extremely knowledgeable," while 74% felt "minimally informed." Fifty percent of the patients were misinformed that UCBB was only for "the child that I will deliver." Seventy-one percent of patients were not planning UCBB, with "expense" and "insufficient knowledge" as the primary reasons cited. Only 14% of patients were educated about UCBB by their nurse or obstetrician, although 90% of patients expected their obstetrician to answer their questions on UCBB. CONCLUSIONS: Patients are poorly informed about UCBB, especially ethnic minorities, younger patients and those with lesser degrees of education. Few patients receive UCBB education from health care providers, yet most patients expect their obstetrician to be able to answer questions on UCBB. Lack of knowledge and expense remain barriers to UCBB. Opportunities to educate patients and obstetric providers on UCBB should be pursued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between knowledge of HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among in-school adolescents in Delta State, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is any correlation between the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among in-school adolescents in Delta state of Nigeria and their sexual behaviour. METHOD: A questionnaire based descriptive study of randomly selected secondary school students in Asaba. Delta state. RESULTS: A total of 437 students were recruited for the study. About 47% of respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The electronic media were their main sources of information. Fifty-eight percent had been sexually initiated but only 10% were currently sexually active. About 73% of the males and 58% of the females reported condom use in their last sexual act. Seventy-three percent of the students that had poor knowledge of HIV/AIDS had ever had sex compared with 69.5% of students with good knowledge. Similarly 45.6% of students with poor knowledge used condom compared with 58.8% who had good knowledge. However these observed differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS by in-school adolescents in Asaba has not significantly influenced their sexual behavior. Program planners should explore and integrate other factors that could impact positively on adolescent sexual behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of the educated and non-educated women to cancer of the breast in semi-urban and rural areas of SouthWest, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: That women with cancer of the breast seek medical help late is a common occurrence in developing countries. We decided to see if education and environment play any role in this and in cancer screening. A semi-structured questionnaire was drawn to inquire about knowledge, attitude (beliefs) and practices of women to breast cancer and available cancer screening methods in their environment- particularly Self and Clinical Breast Examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The questionnaires, prepared in English and vernacular, were given to women and women relations seen in the surgical clinics and wards of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo and some primary health centers, for various ailments. Traders in market places and rural communities were included. RESULTS: Analysis was by SPSS, chi-square, percentage frequency and tested at probability level of 0.05. Eight hundred and thirty two respondents were collected. Six hundred and twenty five (72.2%) were from Semi-urban while 207(27.8%) were from the rural regions. The age range was between 15 and 72 years with a mean age of 30.89+/-11.58. The educational level showed that 304(36.4%) had tertiary education. Six hundred and four (72.6%) have previous knowledge of cancer of the breast, 149(17.4%) offered possible aetiological reasons, and 341(41.1%) have some knowledge of associated symptoms. Available screening methods of Self and Clinical breast examination was practised by 393(47.2%) of the respondents. One hundred and fifty five (32.3%) would give consent to mastectomy while as many as 619(74.4%) have deep fear of the disease. CONCLUSION: Despite a relatively high literate level in the study group, knowledge of aetiological causes of breast cancer, including risk factors is abysmally low; so is knowledge and attitude to symptoms. Because of this poor/inadequate knowledge, as well as available screening methods, efforts should be made to upgrade the knowledge of our women through Information, Education and Communication (I.E.C) on cancer of the Breast and the consequences of late presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge and use of preventive measures against malaria in endemic and non-endemic villages in northern Thailand.

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and determinants of knowledge of malaria in four sites in northern Thailand, and to compare the use of prevention measures between people with and without a knowledge of malaria. An epidemiological survey was conducted in January 2002 among 857 persons living in four sites in northern Thailand. Of the 857 persons, 53% had a knowledge of malaria, ranging from 38% and 51% in non-endemic to 76% and 77% in endemic sites. Headache (89%), shivering (83%) and fever (79%) were the most frequently mentioned symptoms. Younger persons had more knowledge of malaria than older persons; adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 3.91 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.32-6.56] for the 15-29 age group compared to persons 60 years and older. In comparison to men, knowledge of malaria was significantly lower among women (aOR: 2.00, 95%-CI: 1.47-2.70). Persons with knowledge reported a significantly higher use of prevention measures than persons without knowledge of malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An object-relational model for structured representation of medical knowledge.

Domain specific knowledge is often not static but continuously evolving. This is especially true for the medical domain. Furthermore, the lack of standardized structures for presenting knowledge makes it difficult or often impossible to assess new knowledge in the context of existing knowledge. Possibilities to compare knowledge easily and directly are often not given. It is therefore of utmost importance to create a model that allows for comparability, consistency and quality assurance of medical knowledge in specific work situations. For this purpose, we have designed on object-relational model based on structured knowledge elements that are dynamically reusable by different multi-media-based tools for case-based documentation, disease course simulation, and decision support. With this model, high-level components, such as patient case reports or simulations of the course of a disease, and low-level components (e.g., diagnoses, symptoms or treatments) as well as the relationships between these components are modeled. The resulting schema has been implemented in AMOS II, on object-relational multi-database system supporting different views with regard to search and analysis depending on different work situations.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1998

HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among alcohol and drug abusers in Egypt.

The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice towards HIV/AIDS among alcohol and drug abusers and the effect of health education (HE) on their knowledge and attitudes. Participants were 265 substance abusers, recruited from 8 addiction rehabilitation centers. A base line study preceding HE was done using a questionnaire composed of five sections. Three scores were developed to assess HIV/AIDS related knowledge. The base line study indicates that addicts with good knowledge scores > or =75%) regarding modes of transmission were significantly higher among males than females. About 70% of the addicts had negative attitudes towards dealing with HIV/AIDS patients, while 55.5% felt sympathy for them. Eleven percent of the injection drug abusers were sharing needle with others, while 38% of the participating females were previously convicted of prostitution. Logistic analysis showed that high level of education was the best predictive variable for good knowledge scores (> or =75%). Evaluation of the health education program revealed a highly significant increase in the knowledge scores among both males and females compared to the pretest scores. An increase in the percentages of male and female addicts with improved attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients was also noted after HE. So, HE was found to be a successful tool in improving the knowledge and attitudes of substance abusers towards HIV/AIDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A study on third-trimester gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity].

The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of gravidas' knowledge. The subjects of this study consisted of 159 gravida visited 2 general hospitals, 2 OB/GY clinics and 2 midwives' clinics in J city for antenatal care. The data were collected from December 1 to 30, 1989. The instrument used for this study was true false type question which was developed by investigator through literature review. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA on significant difference with SPSS program. The results of this study were summarized as follow: 1) The degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity was 36.75, the degree of gravidas' knowledge of physical care activity was 16.70, and the degree of gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity was 20.05. 2) Among the physical care activity knowledge items, the diaper should be changed whenever it is soiled, shortly after feeding is over, bathing is bad, gently patted or stroked on the back when bubbling, 10 minutes time in bathing is appropriate, infant is crying whenever he is hungry per 3-4 hours, and room humidity controlled 60 percent, more or less were over a percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the physical care activity knowledge items, a reason for burping was the air he has swallowed will rise to the top of his stomach and be eructated, burping is advisable after the feeding, dressing of umbilical area is not necessary, the thermometer should not be boiled for disinfection, it is important that the infant grasp the whole nipple within his mouth, using alcohol sponge is bad whenever diaper is soiled, and when temperature is taken by the rectal method, infant legs should be grasped firmly were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association between physician counseling for hypercholesterolemia and patient dietary knowledge.

High blood cholesterol is a prime target for preventive intervention in the primary care setting; however, the current effectiveness of clinicians at educating their patients about appropriate dietary modification is questionable. This report examines the association between dietary knowledge and physician counseling among primary care patients with hypercholesterolemia. Subjects were 325 patients continuously enrolled in one of two group model HMO offices for two years following a screening cholesterol level above 200 mg/dL. One office had American Heart Association educational materials and training in its use; one offered usual care. A chart audit and telephone survey (response 59%) 18 months following the screening cholesterol assessed clinician counseling and cholesterol monitoring as well as patient knowledge (from 14-item survey), attitudes, and behavior. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed no association between patient knowledge and physician dietary counseling (P = .53). Only patient educational background (P = .03) and baseline dietary knowledge (P = .005) independently predicted subsequent dietary knowledge. When added to the model, self-reported dietary change was also independently associated with patient knowledge (P = .0003). Though public awareness of cholesterol as a risk factor for heart disease has dramatically increased in recent years, specific dietary knowledge is often lacking. This article questions the adequacy of current primary care dietary treatment efforts in this regard.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hypertension education: patient knowledge and satisfaction.

Education of patients with various diseases, including hypertension, usually occurs at an individual level through a patient's doctor as well as via various media campaigns which also includes general community education. To evaluate their effects, the knowledge of 84 patients with hypertension was evaluated by a simple 13 question true/false questionnaire and the results compared with 58 normotensive subjects matched for sex, age and educational status. A significant difference in knowledge about hypertension could not be elicited between the two groups even when compared for sex or educational status. However, subjects > 70 years of age (hypertensives and controls) demonstrated a lower level of knowledge (P < 0.05). Further questioning of the hypertensive group elicited a high level of satisfaction with their doctor's educational skills (68%) and 57% were satisfied with their own knowledge. Nevertheless, 70% requested more information about their disease. These results suggest a reasonable level of knowledge within the general community presumably reflecting community education programmes. While hypertensive patients were not more knowledgeable under the test conditions, they were reasonably satisfied with their knowledge which they stated came primarily from their doctor. Nevertheless, these findings question the effectiveness of some current patient education initiatives.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Changes in cardiovascular disease knowledge and behavior in a low-education population of African-American and white adults.

OBJECTIVE: Racial differences in secular changes in cardiovascular disease risk factor knowledge and behaviors were assessed among adults with low levels of education throughout a community-wide cardiovascular disease prevention program. METHODS: Four independent cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted with the random-digit-dialing technique in 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1991 in a biracial South Carolina community. Community-wide cardiovascular disease intervention programs were initiated in 1988 and continued through 1990. Changes in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor knowledge, dietary fat intake, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and cholesterol screening behavior were compared between African-American and white respondents in a population subset with less than 12 years of education using analysis of covariance regression techniques. RESULTS: Mean intake of high fat foods was lower in 1991 than in 1987 among both white and African-American respondents; the trend for lower mean intake began in 1989 among African-American adults. Prevalence of the correct exercise knowledge was higher in 1988 than in 1987 for both groups, but this trend was maintained only among white respondents. However, prevalence of leisure-time physical activity did not change significantly between 1987 and 1991. Prevalence of cholesterol level knowledge and screening behavior increased over time among both groups; however, greater increasing trends between 1987 and 1991 were observed among white adults. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable secular changes in fat intake, exercise knowledge, cholesterol level knowledge, and cholesterol screening behavior were observed among both race groups during a time period that coincided with community-wide intervention efforts and messages. Greater changes in most of these behaviors and knowledge were observed among white adults suggesting that health behavior messages may not have reached all segments of this community.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge, behavior, and fears concerning breast and cervical cancer among older low-income Mexican-American women.

INTRODUCTION: Although recent studies have documented the low participation level of Hispanic women in cancer screening, few have examined their predisposing knowledge and attitudes concerning cancer. We documented the knowledge and fears concerning cancer of an older population of Mexican-American women and how these factors relate to screening behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: The data are from baseline surveys conducted before the start of a community cancer awareness and prevention program. Nine hundred twenty-three Mexican-American women were interviewed in-person about their knowledge, attitudes, and Pap smear and mammogram screening practices. RESULTS: Knowledge and attitude about cancer varied with age, education, type of health insurance, ability to speak English, and place of birth. Women 65 years of age and older were least knowledgeable of cancer-detection methods and screening guidelines. Those with only Medicare or Medicaid knew far less even compared to uninsured women. Women who did not speak English well were more likely not to know the cancer signs and symptoms, risk factors, and screening guidelines. Women who had knowledge of guidelines and detection methods were more likely to have had a recent screening. Older Mexican-American women with more fatalistic and fearful attitudes toward cancer were less likely to have had a recent Pap smear. CONCLUSIONS: The low screening participation among Mexican-American women may be due to their limited awareness and knowledge about breast and cervical cancer screening examinations. Our study highlights the need for wide-scale cancer screening interventions consistent with Mexican-American beliefs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Trends in reproductive health knowledge following a health education intervention among adolescents in Zimbabwe.

BACKGROUND: Unwanted teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and the attendant morbidity and mortality necessitate the need for understanding factors influencing adolescent sexuality and the implementation of programmes designed to improve their knowledge, reproductive behaviour, sexual and reproductive health. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of an intervention package on knowledge levels of various reproductive health issues through trend analysis. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial of a health education intervention in schools stratified for representativeness. SETTING: Rural and urban secondary schools in Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 1,689 students recruited from 11 secondary schools in Mashonaland Central. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Knowledge level before and after intervention. RESULTS: The demographic characteristics of the pupils at baseline, five months and nine months were comparable between the two groups. There was an overall increase in knowledge on menstruation. Students from the intervention schools were more likely to have correct knowledge over time on aspects of reproductive biology. A significant linear trend (p = 0.017) was observed in the area of family planning and contraception. A linear decreasing trend (p = 0.001) was observed on pregnancy risk. Though not significantly linear, the general trend of knowledge levels in all the areas of reproductive health, pregnancy risk, STDs and HIV/AIDS showed an upward trend, from 20% to 96%. Worth noting was that in all the areas the intervention group had knowledge above that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The reproductive health education intervention had an impact on aspects of reproductive biology and contraception as measured by the increased scoring at follow up when comparing intervention and control schools. The overall findings point to the need for early school based reproductive health education programmes incooperating correct information on reproductive biology and the prevention of subsequent reproductive morbidity by imparting information on non-risk behaviour during the early developmental years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Bone marrow transplant nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding pain management.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To measure bone marrow transplant (BMT) nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding pain management. DESIGN: Descriptive, exploratory. SETTING: A 32-bed BMT unit in a 567-bed tertiary-care institution located in the midwestern United States. SAMPLE: 39 BMT nurses (20 pediatric, 19 adult). The mean length of BMT experience was 7.05 years. METHOD: BMT nurses completed a 49-item, investigator-developed questionnaire. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes related to pain management. FINDINGS: Many BMT nurses had high knowledge levels and positive beliefs and attitudes related to pain management. The mean of correct responses to knowledge items was 79%. Nurses had a high knowledge level of pain assessment, but only 74% indicated that patient self-report of pain is the most reliable indicator of pain. The majority of the nurses' responses were congruent with literature sources regarding the onset of mucositis pain, self-report of pain, and opioid tapering. Most nurses agreed that pain management is rewarding and satisfying; fewer agreed that it is not stressful. Nurses' requests for information focused on opioid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The investigators identified specific knowledge gaps. The variability of scores indicated that some nurses are more expert than others regarding pain management and therefore could be resources for other nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Educational offerings can increase knowledge and promote positive beliefs and attitudes among BMT nurses, thereby enhancing pain management.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of prostate knowledge of African-American and Caucasian men: changes from prescreening baseline to postintervention.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine if a community screening program designed to overcome key barriers (lack of awareness, cost of program, ease of access to care) could successfully impact on African-American males' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding prostate cancer screening. The focus of this report is knowledge. To date, there are no reported studies that examine differences in knowledge from a prescreening baseline to a postintervention level for minority participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 944 men were enrolled in the study in a 20-month period. Prostate screening and education were offered as a new service at an existing senior health clinic. In addition, mass screenings were offered approximately monthly at various locations in the community (including senior community centers, senior apartment complexes, and some public housing projects). Screening included both the digital rectal examination and the prostate specific antigen test. A brief questionnaire was administered during client intake (the pretest) and repeated after the education and screening participation (the posttest). Test items targeted three constructs: (1) etiology, (2) risk status, and (3) clinical factors. RESULTS: The largest difference on pretest scores between the racial groups resulted from clinical factor knowledge. African-American men were significantly less likely than Caucasian men to correctly identify early symptoms of prostate cancer and the basic components of a prostate checkup. Although scores were initially significantly lower for African-American participants, these differences were not evident after program involvement. There was a significant increase in knowledge level for all men when comparing pretest and posttest scores. Significant improvement was noted for each test item, with the exception of one key item. Even after participation in the program, African-American men were still more likely to believe that "pain" was the first symptom of prostate cancer. DISCUSSION: An item-by-item analysis revealed that there was only one test item in which program participation did not "correct" knowledge. African-American men were still more likely to believe that pain was the first symptom that would alert them to the presence of cancer. The screening program included information (both printed and oral content) that emphasized the importance of routine screening to detect cancer at an early stage, because most men would experience no symptoms. The only other reported study that examined knowledge documented similar findings with respect to an understanding of symptomology. These findings can be used to direct or guide the educational component of future screening programs that hope to target African-American men.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2003

Short-term educational intervention improves family physicians' knowledge of depression.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is frequently unrecognized and undertreated. Therefore, there is a need to increase the knowledge and skills of primary care physicians regarding management of depression. The aim of this study was to determine if a brief educational intervention can affect family physicians' knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of depression. METHOD: Sixty-eight community-based, nonacademic family physicians completed the program, which was delivered using a mixed lecture-seminar format. Knowledge about depression was assessed pre- and post-program. Paired-sample t test and chi-square test were used to compare test scores. RESULTS: Although study physicians demonstrated high baseline knowledge of depression, 75% of them had better scores following the program. The increase in knowledge was statistically significant (p < .0001). DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates that a simple and brief educational program can enhance family physicians' knowledge of depression; however, an increase in knowledge alone may not necessarily translate into practice behavior change.

Canada↗
PubMed2001

A dissociation between symbolic number knowledge and analogue magnitude information.

Semantic understanding of numbers and related concepts can be dissociated from rote knowledge of arithmetic facts. However, distinctions among different kinds of semantic representations related to numbers have not been fully explored. Working with numbers and arithmetic requires representing semantic information that is both analogue (e.g., the approximate magnitude of a number) and symbolic (e.g., what / means). In this article, the authors describe a patient (MC) who exhibits a dissociation between tasks that require symbolic number knowledge (e.g., knowledge of arithmetic symbols including numbers, knowledge of concepts related to numbers such as rounding) and tasks that require an analogue magnitude representation (e.g., comparing size or frequency). MC is impaired on a variety of tasks that require symbolic number knowledge, but her ability to represent and process analogue magnitude information is intact. Her deficit in symbolic number knowledge extends to a variety of concepts related to numbers (e.g., decimal points, Roman numerals, what a quartet is) but not to any other semantic categories that we have tested. These findings suggest that symbolic number knowledge is a functionally independent component of the number processing system, that it is category specific, and that it is anatomically and functionally distinct from magnitude representations.

Aged↗