Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vomiting”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Cyclic vomiting in children].

Two girls aged 13 and 10 suffered from recurrent episodes of severe vomiting. After excluding underlying pathological conditions the diagnosis of cyclic-vomiting syndrome was made. They were treated by intravenous fluid suppletion and drugs such as propranolol, pizotiphene, diclophenac, granisetron, lorazepam and pantoprazole. Eventually they recovered. Cyclic-vomiting syndrome is probably a common but often not recognised syndrome. It should be considered in all children with multiple episodes of vomiting. It is characterized by the sudden occurrence and spontaneous disappearance of symptoms followed by a completely symptom-free interval. The incidence has been estimated to be as high as 2% in some populations of school children. The syndrome is often not diagnosed if the episodes are mild and diagnosed late if the symptoms are severe. To avoid too many investigations the suggested diagnostic protocol can be followed. Prophylactic therapy with anti-migraine medication should be attempted, notably with propranolol, early in the course of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Prophylactic use of droperidol for postoperative nausea and vomiting following gynecological laparoscopic surgery under total intravenous anesthesia].

BACKGROUND: Propofol and droperidol decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We investigated the incidence of PONV after total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol alone versus combined use of droperidol and propofol. METHODS: Eighty three patients, who had undergone laparoscopic gynecologic surgery with TIVA using propofol and fentanyl, were retrospectively evaluated whether droperidol had affected the incidence of early (up to six hours postoperatively) and late (6-24 hours postoperatively) PONV. Group D (46 patients) received droperidol intravenously at the end of surgery. Group N (37 patients) received no droperidol. RESULTS: The incidences of early nausea were 27% in Group N and 4% in Group D (P<0.01). The incidences of early vomiting were 0% in Group N and 8% in Group D. The incidences of late nausea were 14% in Group N and 13% in Group D. The incidences of late vomiting were 3% in Group N and 7% in Group D. CONCLUSIONS: Droperidol was useful in reducing the incidence of early nausea and vomiting after total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl in the patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improved food intake and reduced nausea and vomiting in patients given a restricted diet while receiving cisplatin chemotherapy.

Administration of cisplatin alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents commonly produces intractable nausea and vomiting, which is currently controlled through high-dose antiemetic drugs. However, patients often refuse continued therapy because of suboptimal control of nausea and vomiting and substantial decline in nutritional status. In this pilot study, 19 patients receiving cisplatin were evaluated for nausea and vomiting, amount of food intake, and subjective assessment of well-being. The study group received a colorless, odorless, predetermined meal three times daily; the meal included cottage cheese, apple sauce, vanilla ice cream, and other selected foods. Control-group patients selected their own meal. Study-group patients exhibited higher overall food intake, decreased nausea and vomiting, and a higher scored estimation of well-being. The findings of this preliminary study indicate that the study diet helps provide nutrition care to cancer patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy and helps create an atmosphere where the patient believes he or she has some control in the treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of controlled release metoclopramide and domperidone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting.

Dopamine antagonists are effective anti-emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side-effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made. Ninety-five patients, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting due to a variety of oesophageal or gastric disorders, were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, three-part, parallel-group comparative study of controlled release metoclopramide 15 mg (Gastrobid Continus tablets, Napp Laboratories) given twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg or 20 mg given three times daily. Assessments for nausea, vomiting, reflux symptoms and adverse events were made on entry to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment regimes for a period of seven days, throughout which daily symptomatology and use of escape medication were recorded on a diary card. At the end of the treatment period, nausea, vomiting and reflux symptoms, adverse events and a global assessment of patients' symptom control were recorded by the investigator. Both controlled release metoclopramide and high and low dose domperidone significantly reduced symptoms of belching, flatulence, distension, heartburn, regurgitation, reflux, nausea and vomiting compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the three treatments in efficacy or in the number and severity of side-effects.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic delay after dimenhydrinate use in vomiting children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of dimenhydrinate was associated with delay in the diagnosis and management of treatable illnesses or with direct adverse effects in children with vomiting presenting to an emergency department. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey and review of drug reaction and telephone inquiry records. SETTING: The emergency department of a tertiary care children's hospital and a provincial poison information centre. PATIENTS: The parents of 148 children who presented with vomiting completed the questionnaire. The database at the poison information centre included 474 reports of adverse drug reactions over an 8-year period and 105 reports of telephone inquiries over a 4-year period. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one (14%) of 148 children had received dimenhydrinate before arrival at the emergency department. The patients who had received dimenhydrinate were more likely than the others to present more than 12 hours after the onset of vomiting (14 [67%] of 21 v. 43 [34%] of 127, p less than 0.01). The discharge diagnoses for those who had received dimenhydrinate included asthma, pelvic inflammatory disease and urinary tract infection. No clinically important direct adverse reactions to dimenhydrinate were documented. CONCLUSIONS: The use of dimenhydrinate in children with vomiting is associated with a risk of delay in the diagnosis of treatable medical conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of steroids on postoperative nausea and vomiting.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of intraoperative steroids was effective in decreasing the incidence of postanesthetic nausea and vomiting and whether or not those complications were gender related. This retrospective study involved a chart review of 208 patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy at a large metropolitan hospital during a 10-month period in 1989-1990. Sixty-one patients met inclusion criteria and were accepted into the study. Of these, 34 patients had received an intraoperative steroid; 21 were male and 13 female. Twenty-seven patients did not receive intraoperative steroids; 17 were male and 13 female. Data collected included the number of pain medications and antiemetics used in the postoperative period, as well as the number of episodes of nausea and vomiting in the 24 hours following surgery. Results demonstrated that those patients who received intraoperative steroids were less likely to experience problems of nausea and vomiting than those who did not receive the drug. Requirements for postoperative pain medication were also reduced in the steroid group. Female patients in both groups were shown to have a greater incidence of nausea and vomiting than male patients.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of three techniques on time to awakening, time to orientation and incidence of nausea and vomiting using alfentanil in balanced anesthesia in an outpatient surgical setting.

Maximizing patient safety and comfort while minimizing adverse sequelae are continuing anesthetic challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine three anesthetic techniques utilizing alfentanil with regard to time to awakening, time to orientation and incidence of nausea and vomiting. Surgical procedures were limited to knee arthroscopy, laparoscopy and dental extractions. Unpremedicated ASA I/II outpatients (n = 74) between the ages of 18 and 59 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I: alfentanil + 67% N2O + 33% O2 Group II: alfentanil + 67% N2O + 33% O2 + droperidol 0.015 mg/kg Group III: alfentanil + 100% O2 + 0.7% isoflurane Anesthesia was induced with alfentanil 40 micrograms/kg, atracurium 0.4 mg/kg, thiamylal 4 mg/kg and 100% O2 and was maintained according to group assignment. The anesthetic was supplemented as clinically indicated with incremental boluses of alfentanil 10 micrograms/kg. Upon completion of surgery, muscle relaxation was reversed with edrophonium 0.75 mg/kg and atropine 0.015 mg/kg. Analyses indicated that the three groups were comparable in terms of potentially confounding variables including gender, race, surgical procedure, age, percent of ideal body weight, case length and dose of alfentanil in micrograms/kg/hr. Time to awakening was significantly shorter in the two N2O groups by approximately 1.5 minutes, as compared to the O2 and isoflurane group (p = .0060). Time to orientation was significantly shorter in the N2O groups by approximately 1.5 minutes also, as compared to the O2 and isoflurane group (p = .0142). The two N2O groups did not differ significantly in either measure. The incidence of vomiting in the postanesthesia recovery room (PARR) indicated a significant difference (p = .0317) among groups with vomiting occurring 45.8% of the time in Group I, 28.8% of the time in Group II and 8% of the time in Group III. Total emetic score (nausea and vomiting) in the PARR indicated a significant difference (p = .03) among groups with symptoms occurring 50% of the time in Group I, 28% of the time in Group II, and 16% of the time in Group III.

Alfentanil↗
PubMed1989

Recent advances in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by antineoplastic agents.

The pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting caused by antineoplastic therapy is described, and the literature on selected recent pharmacologic approaches to antiemetic therapy is reviewed. Nausea and vomiting associated with antineoplastic therapy remain serious deterrents to continued, potentially curative therapy for many patients. Although much research has been conducted in the area of antiemetic therapy over the past decade, the mechanisms by which antineoplastic agents cause nausea and vomiting are still not well defined. The most effective antiemetic agents to date are those that antagonize dopamine receptors. Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist that has been widely studied for the prevention of antineoplastic-agent-induced nausea and vomiting. Recent studies with this agent focus on routes of administration other than the traditional high-dose intermittent bolus intravenous injections. Continuous intravenous infusions of the drug and high-dose oral administration have been studied in an attempt to decrease the adverse effects associated with the traditional regimen and to allow administration on an outpatient basis. Prochlorperazine, a phenothiazine derivative, has been a mainstay of antiemetic therapy for many years. Although it is generally reserved for use with regimens that cause mild to moderate emesis, recent data suggest that higher-than-traditional doses given intravenously impart greater antiemetic protection. Perhaps the most promising antiemetic research has been conducted with a new group of agents, the serotonin antagonists. Preliminary trials suggest that these agents are comparable in efficacy to high doses of metoclopramide but devoid of many of the adverse effects commonly associated with metoclopramide. Further research in the area of neuropharmacology is necessary to direct the development of the most effective antiemetic agents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurohumoral hypothesis of motion-induced vomiting. Communication.

The current status and implications of the neurohumoral hypothesis of motion-induced vomiting are reviewed. Data show that squirrel monkey subjects vomit only once if horizontal rotation is terminated immediately on the occurrence of the emetic response. Refractory periods for multiple vomiting episodes concurrent with continued rotation are sufficiently brief to suggest that the expected presence of the hypothetical neurochemical agent in the cerebrospinal fluid of the fourth ventricle should continue to evoke more than one vomiting response even after cessation of motion stimulation. In its present form, the hypothesis is conceptually vague and should be developed further to account for a mechanism by which the expected recurrent emesis is inhibited during the period when the alleged agent is a potentially effective stimulant.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Alizapride in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

A series of 90 ASA class 1 or 2 young adult female out-patients, randomly assigned to four groups, were treated with placebo (saline solution), alizapride 50 mg, alizapride 100 mg or alizapride 200 mg. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting has been estimated. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower with the alizapride-treated patients, while, contrary to the experience with other antiemetics, prolonged recovery was not observed. The incidence of vomiting in the placebo-group was twice as high as in the alizapride-groups. Of the placebo-treated patients, 20 percent requested further antiemetic medication within four hours while none of the alizapride-treated patients needed this. Alizapride 100 to 200 mg intravenously is efficacious in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1987

Nitrous oxide does not increase the incidence of nausea and vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia.

A total of 110 patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anesthetized in random order with either isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen or isoflurane in air and oxygen. Fentanyl was used as an adjunct to isoflurane in all patients, 0.05 mg every 45 min. No difference was found between the two anesthetic techniques in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or both during the first 24 hr after operation. The overall incidence was 62 and 67% for air-O2 and N2O-O2 groups, respectively. Patients who had had nausea or vomiting after previous anesthetics had nausea or vomiting significantly more frequently than patients who did not. It is concluded that nitrous oxide does not contribute to the occurrence of nausea or vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia for gynecologic laparotomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Randomized cross-over study on the effects of methylprednisolone, metoclopramide and droperidol on the control of nausea and vomiting associated with cis-platinum chemotherapy].

A randomized cross-over study on the effects of methylprednisolone (MP), metoclopramide (MT) and droperidol (DP) on the control of nausea and vomiting associated with cis-platinum chemotherapy was performed. Sixty-three patients were entered into the study; 60 patients (21 treated with MP, 18 with MT and 21 with DP) were eligible for evaluation of antiemetic efficacy, whereas the side effects of these drugs were evaluated in all of the 63 patients. Out of the above 60 patients, 36 were entered into the cross-over treatment. Antiemetic efficacy was evaluated in terms of duration of nausea, duration of vomiting, frequency of vomiting, duration of inability to take food and the amount of food first taken after cis-platinum treatment. Generally, the MP-treated group of patients showed favorable effects in these points, MP being especially more effective than other drugs with a statistically significant difference for the control of nausea and disturbed intake of food during the first 24 hours after the treatment with CDDP. Anticipatory nausea and vomiting were not observed in this study. Side-effects were minimal and all of the patients except one, who showed severe diarrhea following administration of MT and could not tolerate the treatment thereafter, were safely treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Antiemetic therapy with timiperone in cisplatin-induced vomiting].

A new neuroleptic drug, Timiperone, is able to exert an antiapomorphine effect at doses smaller than cataleptogenic doses. Nineteen patients with urologic malignancy undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin in combination with other agents were studied for the antiemetic efficacy of Timiperone. Six of 8 patients over 46 years old treated with Timiperone 6 mg/day p.o. from the day before undergoing DDP therapy to the last day of the therapy had no episode of vomiting and 2 patients had a few episodes of emesis (one and two episodes during 5 days of undergoing DDP, respectively). Five patients under 45 years old given Timiperone 6 mg/day by the same method had few episodes of vomiting, but suffered from extrapyramidal symptoms. Finally 6 patients undergoing DDP with Timiperone in combination with trihexyphenidyl suffered no symptoms of catalepsy but sometimes had mild vomiting episodes (1-4 times a day). We would like to propose that in antiemetic therapy with Timiperone for cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting, a dose of 4.5 mg/day be given from two days before undergoing chemotherapy because of the cumulative effect of Timiperone.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Does laxative abuse control body weight? A comparative study of purging and vomiting bulimics.

This study examines the daily food intake and eating habits of 30 bulimia nervosa patients of normal weight; 20 vomited daily and 10 purged daily. The aim was to measure and compare food intakes and to examine the belief that laxative abuse is an effective means of controlling body weight. The results indicate that the purgers control their weight by overall dietary restraint, not by the pharmacological action of the laxatives. The purgers' eating patterns were bulimic, but not gross: mean daily energy intake being in a normal range (2210 +/- 210 kcal/day). Binge-eating by the vomiters was of a different order: mean energy intake was very large (6025 kcal/day), nearly three times that recommended and significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than that eaten by the purgers. There was major daily variation (s.d. = 3605) and, on occasions, huge amounts were recorded, up to 30 000 kcal in a day. Despite this, vomiting was highly effective in preventing weight gain, the mean weights of the vomiters being similar (mean = 98 per cent) to their matched population mean weight (MPMW). In contrast, purging was relatively ineffective, for despite smaller energy intakes, all the purgers were above (mean = 114 per cent)--and some markedly above--their MPMW. This difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.01). Reasons for persisting with laxative abuse are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Epimeletic vomiting in female dogs during the rearing process of their puppies.

The epimeletic behavior consisting in vomiting the digested food in the presence of puppies was described in postpartum bitches. It begins at first month after the birth of puppies and may last up to five months. The main stimuli eliciting vomiting is the presence of the puppies close to the mother in the nest-pen, and their et-epimeletic behavior consisting of following the bitch, jumping upon her, and licking her mouth. When the puppies are removed from the nest-pen, the epimeletic vomiting of ingested food is stopped either immediately or after a few days. It is suggested that there exists a specific epimeletic drive whose consummatory response is vomiting. The biological role of this drive is to secure food to puppies before they are able to secure it by themselves.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy of malignant tumors].

Nausea and vomiting are frequent and unpleasant side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Current concepts of pathophysiology and clinical aspects of nausea and vomiting are reviewed. Individual and therapeutic factors are discussed which greatly modify the degree of vomiting. The commercially available antiemetics are tabulated and the individual classes of antiemetics are described. Finally, consideration is given to new approaches to the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including the search for new compounds and better use of currently available agents.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1983

Levonantradol: a synthetic cannabinoid in the treatment of severe chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting resistant to conventional anti-emetic therapy.

Twenty-three patients with severe nausea and vomiting refractory to conventional anti-emetic therapy were entered into an open phase II study of levonantradol. Of 22 patients evaluable for response, three achieved complete relief from nausea and vomiting, seven obtained very good relief from nausea and vomiting, four obtained a partial reduction in nausea and vomiting, and eight obtained no relief. However all patients experienced side effects including, in particular, drowsiness and thought disturbance, and as a result eight patients had to be withdrawn from the study. There was no statistical patient preference for levonantradol over previous anti-emetic treatment. Levonantradol is an effective anti-emetic in approximately 50% of patients resistant to conventional anti-emetics; however, its usefulness is likely to be restricted by side effects which are common and frequently unpleasant.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immediate termination of intractable vomiting induced by cisplatin combination chemotherapy using an intensive five-drug antiemetic regimen.

A five-drug parenteral antiemetic regimen was administered to 17 patients experiencing intractable vomiting following treatment with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy. The five-drug treatment consisted of metoclopramide (1 mg/kg iv), diphenhydramine (50 mg im), dexamethasone (20 mg iv), diazepam (5 mg iv), and thiethylperazine (10 mg im), given together at the initiation of the regimen and repeated on a predefined schedule. The number of emetic episodes, duration of nausea and vomiting, and adverse effects were recorded by trained observers. In addition, all patients completed standardized evaluation forms on the day after treatment. Thirteen patients (76%) remained free of vomiting and three (18%) had only one emesis after beginning the study treatment. No serious toxicity was encountered. We conclude that intractable vomiting induced by cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy can be successfully terminated with an aggressive parenteral antiemetic regimen.

Antiemetics↗