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PubMed1987

Surface changes during the arrest of active enamel carious lesions in vivo. A scanning electron microscope study.

The present study examines early enamel surface alterations taking place when active carious lesions enter an arrested stage. Orthodontic bands with a standardized space for plaque accumulation were used to produce incipient carious lesions on the buccal surface of all four first premolars of four young adolescents. The premolars were to be extracted for orthodontic reasons. After 4 weeks of local cariogenic challenge, all teeth were debanded. In each patient one tooth was extracted at the time of debanding. The remaining premolars were extracted 1, 2, and 3 weeks after re-exposure to the oral environment. No fluoride was added during the entire test period, and the patients were told to maintain usual oral hygiene. Scanning electron microscope examination of the experimental surface areas disclosed a gradual wearing away of the outermost crystals during the 3 weeks of observation. This was associated with a leveling off of surface irregularities and the development of a multitude of scratches. The observed attrition of the porous surface in the lesion area indicates that functional wear and toothbrushing were responsible for the arrestment by disturbance and removal of bacterial deposits.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

The use of adhesive metal partial crowns to restore attrition defects: a case report.

A patient presented with severe loss of enamel on the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth, resulting from attrition. After correction of the mandibular occlusal position, the palatal defects were restored with metal partial crowns cemented with an adhesive cement. One of the six restorations dislodged during 4 years of observation, but was replaced successfully.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Class II MHC antigen-expressing cells in the pulp tissue of human deciduous teeth prior to shedding.

The distribution and ultrastructure of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen-expressing cells in the pulp tissue of human deciduous teeth during the process of physiological root resorption was surveyed by histochemical and immunocytochemical methods using an anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-monoclonal antibody. Dental pulp was found to contain numerous HLA-DR-positive cells of various shapes; those showing a dendritic appearance were located mainly in the periphery of the pulp tissue, associated closely with the odontoblasts. The immunopositive cells sometimes extended their cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubules and increased in number in the areas affected by dental caries, attrition or restorative procedures, implicating their role in immunosurveillance. The immunopositive cells were located consistently at the pulp-dentin border during the stage of active resorption, adjacent to the preodontoclasts or odontoclasts, and covered the exposed dentin surface after the detachment of the odontoclasts until the onset of cementum formation. These data suggest that the HLA-DR-immunopositive cells in the coronal pulp of human deciduous teeth play an inductive role in the differentiation, migration and/or activation of the odontoclasts and cementoblast-like cells during the stages of tooth resorption.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed1989

Unexplained losses of enamel on upper incisor teeth.

Consumption of low pH drinks has been steadily increasing, resulting in a number of instances of dental erosion. Such cases can easily be mistaken for attrition, abrasion or development abnormality, delaying proper treatment. In the example reported here the authors describe how differential diagnosis and dietary analysis were used to identify erosion as the cause of enamel loss, and the subsequent successful management of the case.

Beverages↗
PubMed1977

Aging of tissues of the roots of nonfunctional human teeth (impacted canines).

In order to examine the aging of dentin and cementum, seventy-two impacted human canines, nonfunctional and not affected by external factors, such as attrition, abrasion, caries, etc., were surgically extracted. Ground sections were prepared and the areas of sclerotic dentin and cementum were measured with the aid of a planimeter and expressed as a percentage of the total root area. It was found that there is a significant increase in sclerotic dentin and apposition of cementum with an increase in age.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Abrasive particles in tobacco products: a possible factor in dental attrition.

Tobacco products are known to cause oral soft-tissue lesions, but they may also directly affect the teeth. Abrasive particles contained in tobacco products may contribute to dental attrition. We studied tobacco samples from 16 brands of cigars, eight brands of snuff, four brands of chewing tobacco and several unprocessed tobacco leaves used as cigar wrappers. Insoluble particulate matter made up about 0.5 percent of the weight of an average tobacco sample.

Electron Probe Microanalysis↗
PubMed2006

[A partially edentulous case, increased occlusal vertical dimension by prosthetic treatment].

PATIENT: A 53-year-old male presented with the chief complaint of masticatory disturbance caused by many teeth missing in the upper and lower jaws. There was extensive attrition on incisors and canines which only had occlusal contact, so the case was diagnosed as overclosure. To improve masticatory disturbance as the chief complaint, removable partial dentures were made after treating the abutment teeth. An adequate vertical dimension was planned in order to restore the worn teeth on the cast, and to arrange artificial teeth in the edentulous area. DISCUSSION: An anterior teeth core made as an inter-occlusal record was useful and the arrangement of artificial teeth in the edentulous area useful for estimating the adequate vertical dimension. CONCLUSION: It is important to diagnose an adequate vertical dimension by creating acast of the original tooth form in the case of prosthetic treatment of severely worn teeth.

Denture, Partial, Removable↗
PubMed1998

Pathological bone changes in the mandibles of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) exposed to high environmental levels of fluoride.

A macroscopic, microscopic and scanning electron microscope study was performed on the pathological bone changes of the mandibles of wild red deer (n = 61) exhibiting severe dental fluorosis. The animals originated from a highly fluoride polluted area in Central Europe (Ore mountains and their southern foreland, Czech-German border region) and constituted 11.2 % of the studied red deer sample (n = 545) from this area. Pathologically increased wear and fracture of fluorosed teeth caused a variety of mandibular bone alterations, including periodontal breakdown, periostitis, osteitis and chronic osteomyelitis. As a further consequence of severe dental attrition, opening of the pulp chamber and formation of periapical abscesses were occasionally observed. In case of severe periodontal breakdown, loss of teeth from the mandibles was found. In addition to the inflammatory bone changes, the occurrence of osteofluorotic alterations was also diagnosed in the specimens with the highest bone fluoride concentrations (> 4000 mg F-/kg dry wt). These changes comprised extended apposition of periosteal bone onto the mandibular cortex as well as deformation of the mandibular body, which was attributed to a fluoride-induced osteomalacia. The present study provided circumstantial evidence that, in addition to fluoride induced dental lesions, the occurrence of marked periodontal disease and tooth loss is an important factor responsible for a reduction of life expectancy in severely fluorotic wild red deer.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Assessment of age-at-death from mandibular molar attrition in medieval Danes.

Stages of occlusal attrition of the permanent mandibular molars were recorded in 235 Danish medieval skulls, 52 of which were in various states of mixed dentition. For the first and second molar, ages at emergence and ages at occurrence of the earlier stages of attrition were estimated from the mixed dentitions, on the assumptions 1) that the age at eruption of a given number of permanent teeth was similar in medieval and contemporary Danish children, and 2) that the rate of attrition was similar for the first and second molars. Estimation of ages at occurrence of the later attrition stages and of the age at third molar emergence was based on percentage frequency distributions of the stages of attrition using reiterative calculating procedures. Third molar emergence was estimated at the early age of 14 years. It is argued that assessments of age-at death could be made fairly accurately for the age range 5-30 years, and with decreasing accuracy until about 40 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Composites versus amalgam: comparative measurements of abrasion resistance in vivo: 1-year results].

A method for the in-vivo measurement of wear resistance of restorative materials is described. A profilometer is used to record the reduction in vertical dimension of the test material's occlusal surface. This loss of substance is calculated as the wear resistance index. The technique was used in a 13 month clinical evaluation of 3 different restorative materials, Adaptic, Amalgam (Dispersalloy) and Estic microfill. The procedure is simple in execution and very accurate. Statistical analysis has shown significant differences in wear resistance of the examined materials independent of patient variation. Attrition and abrasion were definitely greater with a standard composite material (Adaptic) than with amalgam and a test composite (Estic microfill). The newly developed composite material utilizing extremely fine filler particles of pyrogenic SiO2 (Estic microfill) was shown to be comparable to amalgam in wear resistance during the 13-month test period.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reconstruction considerations for severe dental attrition.

Alternative approaches toward the resolution of difficulties associated with severe attrition are offered. A clinical approach is advocated which first proves the acceptance of an increase in the occlusal vertical dimension before initiating definitive treatment. The various aspects of removable treatment are considered. A sequential approach is suggested in fixed reconstruction which avoids inaccuracies of multiabutment registration and orientation associated with complete arch preparation.

Denture Design↗
PubMed1994

A study of the etiological factors associated with the development of malocclusion.

The prevalence of malocclusion among 1608 children (777 boys and 831 girls) in the age group of 5-7 years, selected from different schools of varied locations of Delhi was observed as 18.4%. A number of factors that could influence the normal development of occlusion during early mixed dentition stage were recorded. These included spacing in anterior teeth, attrition of primary teeth and deleterious oral habits. The socio-demographic variables included occupation of parents, family size, location type and the school type. The age of the child and sex were also considered. In order to find out the contribution and importance of above mentioned occlusal characteristics and socio-demographic factors in the development of malocclusion, the data were subjected to univariate analysis. Further a stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to know whether any association exists between the occurrence of malocclusion and combination of these factors. Four factors were found to contribute significantly in the occurrence of malocclusion explaining 15.5% variation in case of boys and 22% in case of girls. More significant factors were absence of spacing, effect of habits and lack of attrition of primary teeth. About 80% of the total variation was independent of these factors and could not be explained by this analysis. It further testifies possible predominance of genetic influences in the development of occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The mammalian fauna associated with an archaic hominin skullcap and later Acheulean artifacts at Elandsfontein, Western Cape Province, South Africa.

The Elandsfontein site, Western Cape Province, South Africa, is well known for an archaic hominin skullcap associated with later Acheulean artifacts. The site has also provided nearly 13,000 mammalian bones that can be identified to skeletal part and taxon. The assemblage derives from 49 species, 15 of which have no historic descendants. Comparisons to radiometrically dated faunas in eastern Africa indicate an age between 1 million and 600 thousand years ago. Unique features of the fauna, including the late occurrence of a dirk-toothed cat and a sivathere, may reflect its geographic origin in a region that was notable historically for its distinctive climate and high degree of biotic endemism. Together, taxonomic composition, geomorphic setting, and pollen extracted from coprolites indicate the proximity of a large marsh or pond, maintained by a higher water table. The small average size of the black-backed jackals implies relatively mild temperatures. The sum of the evidence places bone accumulation during one of the mid-Pleistocene interglacials that were longer and cooler than later ones, including the Holocene. The geomorphic context of the fauna presents no evidence for catastrophe, and most deaths probably resulted from attritional factors that disproportionately killed the young and old. However, only the dental-age profile of long-horned buffalo supports this directly. Field collection methods biased skeletal-part representation, but originally, it probably resembled the pattern in the younger, marsh-edge Acheulean occurrence at Duinefontein 2, 45 km to the south. Excavation there exposed multiple vertebral spreads, which probably mark carcasses from which hominins or large carnivores removed the meatier elements. Bone damage at both sites suggests that, despite abundant artifacts, hominins were much less important than carnivores in the bone accumulation. Together with limited observations from other sites, Elandsfontein and Duinefontein provisionally suggest that Acheulean-age hominins obtained few large mammals, whether by hunting or scavenging.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Abrasion-resistant MOD composite fillings made by embedding centric ceramic stops--4 year's results].

The resistance to abrasion of presently available composite restorative materials is unsatisfactory; the utilization of such materials in conventionally prepared occlusal and occluso-proximal stress-bearing restorations has been therefore contraindicated. In a private practice study carried-out between 1972-77, porous triangular-shaped ceramic inserts were polymerized into the centric-stop areas of 528 Class-II composite restorations. Clinical and electron microscopic evaluation have shown a greatly increased resistance to abrasion in the ceramic insert areas as well as no significant attrition of the antagonist cusp. 95% of the restoration were judged functionally and esthetically very satisfactory. Only 1,1% of the inserts demonstrated fracture and partial loss of ceramic material during the test period. The five-year study has shown the procedure to be relatively simple to learn and suitable for private practice application.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

An evaluation of the accuracy of ageing horses by their dentition: changes of dental morphology with age.

Dental features are commonly expected to provide an accurate estimate of a horse's age. In this study the dentition of 434 thoroughbreds was photographed and the individual dental features documented, the true age of all the horses was known. For each dental feature the correlation with true age was determined. The eruption of the incisor teeth was the most consistent feature but it was not totally reliable. The presence of a hook on the upper corner incisor and Galvayne's groove proved to be of no value when estimating age and, of the attritional features studied, the dental star showed the highest correlation with age. The results show that specific ages cannot be assigned to these dental criteria owing to the wide variation between horses, and that as a result the estimation of age from dentition can never be precise.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of attrition and occlusal contact in the physiology of the rat incisor: IX. Impeded and unimpeded eruption in lathyritic rats.

In the rat, the administration of a lathyrogenic agent reduced both impeded and unimpeded eruption rates of incisors. Unimpeded eruption rates were greater than impeded eruption rates. The general eruption pattern in the experimental rats was, however, similar to that in the control rats. Thus, eruption was possible even in rats with a lathyrogenically impaired periodontal ligament.

Aminopropionitrile↗
PubMed1997

Oral effects of smokeless tobacco use by professional baseball players.

This is a review of studies conducted from 1988-90 on the oral consequences of snuff and chewing tobacco use among professional baseball players. About half of the players studied were smokeless tobacco (ST) users, the majority of whom used snuff. Compared with non-users, players who used ST showed a significantly higher prevalence of leukoplakia, which was related to placement of the ST quid, and the frequency, amount, duration, and type of ST used. Sites adjacent to these mucosal lesions showed an increased prevalence of gingival recession with associated attachment loss, cervical abrasion, and root caries than did comparable sites in non-users. Extrinsic stain and occlusal attrition were also more frequent in ST users than in non-users. While ST use placed players at significantly increased risk for mucosal lesions and other oral problems, no differences were found between ST non-users and users in measurements of batting, fielding, and pitching performance during the baseball season.

Adult↗