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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Stenosis of the internal auditory canal with VIIth and VIIIth cranial nerve dysfunctions.

We report the case of a 37-year-old woman with a history of long-standing right-sided sensorineural hearing loss who presented with an acute onset of vertigo and ipsilateral facial palsy. A computed tomographic scan study showed a stenosis of the right internal auditory canal (IAC). Neither generalized skeletal disease nor bony tumors, which may cause the IAC stenosis, were evident. The IAC stenosis found in this patient may be due to congenital malformation. Inflammation, compression or ischemia in the stenosed IAC may have resulted in the vertigo and facial palsy. This is the only case that we are aware of in which IAC stenosis is accompanied by vertigo and facial palsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: One-week triple therapy is currently regarded as the reference of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment. However, antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side effects are among the major pitfalls of such regimens. Probiotic supplementation may be regarded as a therapeutic tool to prevent or reduce these troublesome drug-related manifestations. AIM: To determine whether the addition of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG to an anti-H. pylori standard triple therapy could help to prevent or minimize the occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects. METHODS: One hundred and twenty healthy asymptomatic subjects screened positive for H. pylori infection and deciding to receive eradication therapy were randomized either to 1-week pantoprazole (40 mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.), tinidazole (500 mg b.i.d.) or to the same regimen supplemented with Lactobacillus GG for 14 days. Patients filled in validated questionnaires during follow-up to determine the type and severity of side effects and to judge overall tolerability. RESULTS: Bloating, diarrhea and taste disturbances were the most frequent side effects during the eradication week and were significantly reduced in the Lactobacillus GG-supplemented group (RR = 0.4, CI 0.2-0.8; RR = 0.3, CI 0.1-0.8; RR = 0.3, CI 0.1-0.7, respectively). The same pattern was observed throughout the follow-up period. Overall assessment of treatment tolerability showed a significant trend in favor of the Lactobacillus GG-supplemented group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus GG supplementation beneficially affects H. pylori therapy-related side effects and overall treatment tolerance.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2006

Complications in children with long-term cochlear implants.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the complications in children who underwent cochlear implantation between 1991 and 2002 at Chi Mei Medical Center, Taipei Medical University. METHOD: The medical records of 169 cases of pediatric cochlear implants from 1991 to 2002 with a follow-up period of 3-11 years were reviewed for demographics and complications. A follow-up phone call and clinical visits were performed to determine the long-term results. RESULTS: The medical-surgical complications were facial nerve stimulation, transient dizziness, flap breakdown, minor change of taste, cholesteatoma, otitis media with effusion and mastoiditis. The device-related complications included 4 device failures and 1 device breakage in a traffic accident. CONCLUSION: Chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma developed in children as long-term complications and surgical challenges. Nevertheless, cochlear implantation surgery in children is a reliable and safe procedure with a low percentage of severe complications. To prevent cholesteatoma formation, parents are advised to schedule a regular ENT consultation at least yearly for early identification and treatment in the stages of acute otitis media or drum retraction.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Malrecognition of taste in uremia.

Impaired cognitive functions were reported in uremia. The purpose of this study was to quantify the functional state of taste in various stages of chronic renal failure. Taste sensitivity was assessed by asking the subjects to identify test solutions of sucrose ('sweet'), NaCl ('salty'), citric acid ('sour'), quinine ('bitter') and water presented randomly in five concentrations. The number of recognition errors was statistically analyzed as a measure of taste acuity. Four groups of subjects were examined: 20 nondialyzed uremic patients, 23 patients on regular hemodialysis, 20 patients suffering from chronic diseases with normal renal functions and 22 healthy volunteers. Non dialyzed and dialyzed uremic patients younger than 55 years had a significant impairment of recognition in all taste modalities when compared to both control groups. This was less obvious in patients older than 55 years. No differences in taste recognition were found between dialyzed and nondialyzed uremics of all ages. In the younger age group, however, there was imrpovement in the recognition of 'sour' and 'bitter' when tested before and immediately after the dialysis session. As zinc deficiency was excluded in all of the uremic patients we conclude that the impaired taste perception is another subtle facet of the uremic neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Zinc deficiency in Crohn's disease.

Zinc nutriture has been studies in 30 patients with Crohn's disease using plasma zinc, hair zinc, and taste acuity as indices. Significant reductions in plasma zinc concentrations and taste acuity were seen in the patient groups as compared with normal controls. Hair zinc content was also generally low with several deficient values encountered among the Crohn's patients. A highly significant correlation between plasma zinc and albumin suggests a possible role of plasma-binding alterations in the depressed plasma zinc levels of patients with Crohn's disease patients and a potential influence on growth and healing in this disease must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gustotoxicity of bleomycin.

50 patients with advanced malignancy treated with bleomycin were assessed for taste abnormality. 5 (10%) cases were found to have some degree of taste impairment. Gustation sense returned to normal within 10-12 weeks following discontinuation of bleomycin therapy. The possible pathophysiology of gustotoxicity is discussed in the light of the available literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term antihypertensive therapy with captopril.

Most forms of hypertension require life-long treatment; thus, it is important to determine the continuing effectiveness and safety of any new therapeutic agent. While participating in various investigational studies, 7103 hypertensive patients received captopril, of whom 4397 were treated for 3 months to 4 years. The 4-year patients included 2498 with mild or moderate essential hypertension (diastolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg), 893 with severe essential hypertension, and 517 with renovascular hypertension. Repeated examinations of these long-term therapy patients, the majority of whom also were receiving a diuretic, indicated no drug tolerance to the combination, i.e., there was continuing control of the blood pressure without significant increases in dosage or addition of other drugs. Side-effects occurring during the first few months of captopril administration (rash, taste disturbances, and, rarely, neutropenia) were not a problem during prolonged therapy. A few patients (70/7,103, or 1.0%) developed proteinuria, usually reversible and seldom associated with any deterioration of renal function. The proteinuria occurred most often in patients who had preexisting renal disease and were receiving high doses of the drug. There were no significant changes in key biochemical parameters. A total of 230 patients discontinued treatment for failure to maintain adequate blood pressure reduction, and 397 for side-effects. The estimated 4-year cumulative frequency of drug discontinuance for side-effects was 11.6% (life table method), which compares favorably with other classes of antihypertensive drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary pontine hemorrhage and gustatory disturbance: clinicoanatomic study.

A clinicoanatomic study of 12 patients with tegmental-type primary pontine hemorrhage proved the presence of a gustatory disturbance among other clinical symptoms on the same side of the tongue as that of the pontine lesion, and suggested the secondary pathway of gustatory sensation from the solitary tract nucleus ascends without decussation in the homolateral pontine tegmentum. These results contradict textbook descriptions regarding the human secondary gustatory pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of multiple doses of azelastine to adult patients with bronchial asthma over time.

Azelastine is a new oral antiasthma agent with bronchodilating and antiallergic properties. This 12-wk study compared azelastine (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg) and placebo given twice a day in asthmatics 12 to 60 yr of age requiring daily bronchodilator therapy. Patients were allowed albuterol aerosol, short-acting theophylline, and pseudoephedrine only as needed. The study was completed by 221 asthmatic subjects. No significant differences in symptoms, medication, or pulmonary function existed between groups at baseline. Analysis of the zero hour FEV1 before azelastine administration on eight occasions during the 12 wk of therapy indicated an increasing slope for azelastine 6 mg that was statistically different from that of placebo; similarly, the slope for azelastine 4 mg showed the same trend, but it did not reach statistical significance. All azelastine groups had significant reductions of as-needed medication after 1 wk; only in the 4-mg and 6-mg groups was this reduction sustained for 12 wk. Asthma symptom scores and peak expiratory flow measurements remained stable in the azelastine groups despite significant reductions in concomitant medication administration. Side effects were minor and included: altered taste (30.1 to 51.9%), drowsiness (6.0 to 16.9%), and dry mouth (3.8 to 6.1%). The occurrence of these adverse events decreased with time throughout the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cocaine hallucinations.

The author reviews the literature on hallucinations that occur as a result of acute and chronic administration of cocaine. He examined the phenomenology of cocaine hallucinations in a group of 85 recreational cocaine users, 15 of whom reported hallucinatory experiences in visual, tactile, olfactory, auditory, and gustatory modalities. He discusses a new phenomenon of "snow lights" in terms of initiating a progression of symptoms leading to the classic "cocaine bugs." He also points out the similarity of cocaine hallucinations to entoptic phenomena and migraine hallucinations, which suggests a common mechanism of action based on CNS excitation and arousal.

Adult↗