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Odontoid hypoplasia presenting as torticollis: a discussion of its significance.

Odontoid dysplasias are considered rare but are becoming increasingly recognized. Patients may have no symptoms, localized neck pain, or neurologic symptoms. Because patients with odontoid anomalies have the potential for craniovertebral instability, recognition of the entity is essential. A discussion of the axis, its development and anomalies follows.

Adult↗

Torticollis in infancy.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗

[Torticollis spasmodicus as a manifestation of tardive dystonia].

Tardive dystonia is a subtype of tardive dyskinesia which is rarely recognised and diagnosed. Tardive dystonia occurs clearly less frequently than oro-bucco-lingual dyskinesia (approx. 1 vs. 20%). We present a case report and give a survey on the characteristics of tardive dystonia, its differential diagnosis and treatment as described in literature.

Anti-Dyskinesia Agents↗

[Torticollis].

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Facial Asymmetry↗

[Long-term results of the surgical treatment of muscular torticollis].

61 Patients with caput obstipum musculare were operated on our clinic between 1968 to 1985. 45 patients were examined after cosmetic and functional criteria (Manitz 1974, Stein et al., 1985). We found 28 "very good", 10 "good", 6 "satisfactory" and 1 "insufficient" results after the criteria established by Leuschner (1967).

Adolescent↗

[Nystagmus and torticollis in albinism (author's transl)].

Two pairs of albinotic brothers, a severely myopic albino and an aged albinotic woman patient were examined; visual acuity was 0.2. In the nystagmogram there were varied rhythmic wave-forms with 1) oscillations of high frequency; 2) slow arrhythmic movements; 3) deviation tendencies with a fast nystagmus component. In three cases the better eye was used in adduction (latent nystagmus), in another in abduction (alternating nystagmus), and in two cases the direction of the jerks changed in accordance with the intended range of vision. The head was turned to the side of the fast component by motoric control or moved quickly, synchronized with the nystagmus. Another two patients presented with an atypical form of head-tilting, looking upward at an extreme angle or closing the weaker eye. Lowering of the eyelids and compensatory movements of the head were caused by photophobia or myopia, i.e., by sensory control.

Adolescent↗