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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Glossopharyngeal nerve neuralgia: not just a sore throat].

In this article we describe six cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The characteristic attacks of lancinating pain in throat, ear and tongue can be accompanied by symptoms such as coughing, hoarseness, stridor and fainting. These symptoms can also occur without the pain, which may lead to frequent misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations. The drugs of choice are carbamazepine, phenytoin and lithium. Persisting symptoms may require an operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

What influences doctors' prescribing? Sore throats revisited.

An audit of two practices in 1987 revealed a wide range of antibiotic prescribing for acute sore throat among the general practitioners. The data were presented at a postgraduate meeting and recommendations were made for a practice policy on antibiotic prescribing. The results of studies that looked at the objectives of treatment were included at that meeting. This paper presents a re-evaluation of the same doctors' antibiotic prescribing one-year later. Changes had occurred in the range and costs of drugs chosen, but individual doctors' prescribing rates remained broadly similar, in other words it was easier to influence what, but not whether, a doctor prescribes for this clinical condition. The existence of a prescribing 'threshold' within the individual doctor is supported.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Photoperiodic ovarian response in yellow-throated sparrow, Gymnorhis xanthocollis: involvement of circadian rhythm.

The experiments aim to investigate the mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement during photoperiodic ovarian response of subtropical yellow-throated sparrow. Groups of the photosensitive female birds were exposed to various night-interruption cycles for a period of 35 days. These light-dark cycles consisted of a basic photophase of 6h and 1h photointerruption of the 18h dark phase in 24h cycle at different points. A control group was also placed under 7L/17D. Ovarian response was observed in the night-interruption cycles in which the photointerruption of dark phase was made 12h after the onset of basic photophase. The results are consistent with the Bünning hypothesis and indicate that an endogenous circadian rhythm is involved in photoperiodic time measurement during initiation of ovarian growth in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Emergency ear, nose, and throat procedures.

This comprehensive article reviews some of the most common injuries to the ear, nose, and throat, and in addition reviews the relative anatomy of this area of the body. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of the patient with epistaxis, a common presentation to the Emergency Department.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

[A meaningful antibiotic therapy of diseases of the ear, nose and throat in old age (author's transl)].

Each stage of life is characterized by the prevalence of certain affections; among others, inflammatory diseases of the ear, nose and throat are frequent in old age. Therefore, specific problems of chemotherapy in old age are dealt with in general terms in the introduction, with special stress being placed on the functions of individual organs, mainly of the kidneys, and on questions of disturbed absorption. Inflammations caused by streptococci, requiring at least ten days of antibiotic treatment, always deserve particular attention, and so do staphyloccocal diseases, requiring the selective administration of semi-synthetic pencillines (sioxazol preparations). Penicillin is still the first choice among all antibiotics, penicillin substitutes, to be used in case of allergies, are listed according to their order of value. As anaerobic germs may also be present in the ENT area, the effective modern therapy by means of special antibiotics is also referred to. Finally, due consideration is given to local antibiotic therapy, with an emphasis on the ototoxicity of chemotherapeutical agents, such as amino-glycosides.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Increasing importance of Haemophilus influenzae in nose, ear and throat infections].

After the review of the morphology, the identification and the pathogenic properties of H. influenzae, its occurrence in the different ENT infections is discussed. H. influenzae is found in chronic tonsillitis in 64% of the cases, in the deeper tissue of the tonsils, while its occurrence in the throat swabs is rare. In acute otitis media H. Influenzae is present in 10 to 150% of the cases, while in rhinitis and sinusitis its increasing occurrence until 1974 is noted (28% of all sinusitis cases showed H. Influenzae in that year); since 1974 its occurrence is somewhat decreasing: 18% in 1976. Susceptibility testing for antibiotics with the disc-method is unreliable; we have to use the tube or plate-dilution methods. The increasing occurrence of ampicilline resistant strains of H. influenzae is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Frequency and severity of throat complaints following general anesthesia with the insertion of various endotracheal tubes].

Laryngeal and pharyngeal complaints following general anaesthesia are well-known problems. The frequency, extent, and intensity reported in several studies are at variance. Such transient postoperative problems should not be considered equivalent to traumatic airway injuries caused by endotracheal intubation. A decrease in the incidence of slight airway complications was to be expected with the introduction of low-pressure-cuff tubes, however a few studies have reported just the opposite result. This study was designed to investigate the incidence, intensity, and duration of postoperative airway symptoms with special emphasis on cuff construction (low-pressure-high-volume cuff (LPC) vs high-pressure-low-volume cuff (HPC)). Our double-blind study included 500 patients. The acceptance criteria were: operation outside the head and neck region, no throat pack or gastric tube. The subjects were divided randomly into five groups, each group consisting of 100 patients: Group A: red rubber tubes (HPC); Group B: latex-spiral tubes (HPC); Group C: PVC tubes (LPC); Group D: PVC tubes with rediffusion system (LPC); Group E: face mask. The patients of groups A-D underwent oral intubation using lidocaine gel 2%; adequate cuff inflation was determined just after intubation. The patients were questioned every 24 h for 2 days postoperatively using an analogue scale and "open" and "closed" questions. The single groups were comparable in age, sex, height, weight, number of smokers, duration of operation (only groups A-D), and preoperative diseases of the upper airways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of cefatrizine and erythromycin for pediatric ear, nose, and throat infections.

A comparison was made of cefatrizine in dosages of 75 mg/kg/day administered once daily or twice daily and erythromycin in a mean daily dosage of 50 mg/kg given in three divided doses for the treatment of acute infections of the ear, nose, and throat in children. Temperature was recorded twice a day during therapy. At the end of treatment, a clinical evaluation of cure, improvement, or failure was made, based on defervescence and abatement of symptoms. All ten children given cefatrizine once daily were cured (P less than or equal to 0.05), as were eight of ten given cefatrizine twice daily and four of ten given erythromycin. The remaining eight patients were improved. One patient given cefatrizine had diarrhea, which appeared on the fifth day of treatment. No other side effects were observed. Cefatrizine appeared to be similarly effective whether given once a day or twice a day; further trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of once-daily treatment with this cephalosporin.

Cefatrizine↗
PubMed1986

[Throat culture isolation and Haemophilus influenzae cross reactions of Escherichia coli serotypes].

73 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from throat cultures of patients examined in the clinics of Children's Hospital of Hacettepe Medical Faculty. 11 of them were serotype 075:Kq5:H5, 8, 07:K1:05 and 1, 07:K1:H--. These 20 strains were tested for the presence of cross-reacting antigens with the Haemophilus influenzae type b. 6 strains gave precipitation zones in the agar and found to be positive. 4 of them were 07:K1:H--, 1, 075:Kq5:H5 and 1, 07:K1:H5.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of 3 antibiotics, cefaclor, josamycin and penicillin V in the treatment of acute throat infections. A multicenter study: 581 cases].

Five hundred and eighty one patients, both adults and children, of either sex, with acute throat infections, with or without associated pharyngitis, were randomized into three groups comparable as to age, general condition and temperature before treatment, previous infectious episodes, history of allergy and underlying conditions. Cefaclor was administered to the first group (C), josamycin to the second group (J) and penicillin V to the third group (V); duration of therapy was practically the same, respectively 8.41, 8.20 and 8.14 days. Concurrent administration of paracetamol was allowed and was comparable for all three groups. Response was assessed on the basis of clinical criteria only, including onset of apyrexia in particular. In group C apyrexia was obtained within 48 hours or less in 54.4% of the patients versus 35.7% only in Group J (p less than 0.001) and 41.5% in group V (p less than 0.02). Onset of overall clinical improvement was 3 days or less in 69.5% of the patients receiving C versus 50.3% for those receiving J (p less than 0.001) and 57.2% for those receiving V (p less than 0.02). Adverse reactions were significantly more frequent in the josamycin group (p less than 0.001) and penicillin group (p less than 0.05) than in the cefaclor group. The most common type of adverse reactions was gastrointestinal upsets in the josamycin (43/49) and the cefaclor group (9/10) and skin reactions in the penicillin group (9/20).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

An approach to throat complaints. Foreign body sensation, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness.

There is a great deal of clinical overlap in patients with throat complaints. Foreign body sensation, difficulty in swallowing, and hoarseness may all stem from one entity or may be totally unrelated. First and foremost, always protect the airway. Thereafter, a thorough history, combined with a directed physical examination and radiologic studies, will provide a concise differential diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is formulated, treatment may take place in the Emergency Department or the patient may be referred to the appropriate specialist for definitive diagnosis or treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Circadian periodicity in yellow-throated sparrow as demonstrated by intermittent light experiments.

Groups of adult photosensitive male yellow-throated sparrows were subjected to different intermittent light cycles viz. 2L/2D, 3L/3D, 4L/4D, 8L/8D and 12L/12D besides two control groups held on 8L/16D and 18L/6D photoperiodic treatments. Testicular growth occurred in 2L/2D, 3L/3D, 4L/4D and 18L/6D but not in 8L/16D, 12L/12D and 8L/16D photoperiodic regimes. The results of this experiment can be interpreted on the basis of circadian rhythm in photosensitivity in an avian external coincidence model. Our findings suggest that multiple light flashes are more effective than a single broad pulse of light of equal duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Limited, intragroup epidemics of acute infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tracts and throat among workers of a Polish construction site in a tropical country.

The occurrence of small, short-term epidemics of acute infectious diseases of the respiratory system and throat among the employees of a Polish construction site in an area of the Persian Gulf was described. It was stated that they occurred most often during the cold season and they comprise from 10 up to 45% of the employees, often as a consequence of arrival of new groups of employees. The most probably etiology of these diseases is infection with the following viruses: rhino-myxo-, adeno-viruses. Coxsackie A, as well as with bacteria, most probably with streptococcus. As they can cause the phenomenon of the temporary disability for work among considerable percentage of the employees they can disorganize rhythm and efficiency of the construction site.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. IV. Dibekacin sulfate viscous solution for treatment of mouth and throat wounds.

For the purpose of preventing suppuration of wounds of the oral cavity and throat, we attempted to develop a viscous solution of dibekacin sulfate (DKB) as a suitable medication. Solutions of different viscosity and antibacterial potency were prepared by mixing DKB, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and water in varying proportions. Studies were then performed to ascertain relationships between the concentration of CMC-Na pH and viscosity, and between the viscosity and diffusion of DKB. The concentration of CMC-Na giving rise to optimal clinical efficacy was determined, and the concentration of DKB necessary for clinical treatment was estimated on the basis of the ionic binding constant between DKB and CMC-Na. As a result, the optimum CMC-Na concentration was found to be 2%, while the optimum DKB concentration was estimated to be 100 micrograms/ml.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗
PubMed1987

Child abuse within the ear, nose and throat.

Non-accidental injuries to the ear, nose and throat are inevitably difficult to detect because of their covert nature. A survey of 50 hospitals and all NSPCC child abuse units in England was carried out to determine the type of injuries that were inflicted to these regions in verified cases of abuse. The importance of detecting these injuries is emphasized to permit intervention and prevent escalation of injury.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1978

Aetiologic agents of septic sore throat in Thai children.

A bacteriological study of children with respiratory infections in Bangkok during January to November 1976 revealed that 37% of the patients had symptoms and sign of bacterial pharyngotonsillitis. Twenty-six per cent of these children harboured Streptococcus pyogenes in their throats. The numbers of streptococci other than group A and Staphylococcus aureus were increased in the children with respiratory infections. However, Staph. aureus was found as the sole organism in children with exudate more often than in the children with only URI. The possible role of Staph. aureus in bacterial pharyngitis should not be ignored. Penicillin remains a drug of choice for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. If penicillin is contraindicated, erythromycin should be preferred over lincomycin as a second choice of drug in order to avoid treatment failure if lincomycin resistant streptococci are present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sore throat and antibiotics.

Sore throat is a common complaint among patients seeking treatment from primary care physicians and otolaryngologists. This article reviews the clinical syndromes which present with pharyngitis. An emphasis is placed on differential diagnosis and appropriate use of antibiotic therapy. The continued controversy regarding the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis is also presented.

Acute Disease↗