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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Time trends in repeated spirometry in children.

In a study on acute health effects of air pollution in the Netherlands, pulmonary function has been measured repeatedly in children aged 7-11 yrs. In study periods of approximately 3 months, 6-10 tests have been made in a group of 1,621 children. The spirometric data have been examined for the presence of trends of pulmonary function with day of study, independent of air pollution. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased more than expected from normal lung growth, whereas for maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) a decrease with time was observed. For forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) a smaller than expected increase with time was observed. The observed deviation from the expected pattern was larger for the children with a one week interval between successive tests than for the children with a three week interval. For FVC and FEV1 a non-linear relationship with time was observed, for PEF and MMEF this relationship was approximately linear. The particular changes of spirometric variables with time need to be taken into account when repeated lung function tests are performed to investigate acute effects of air pollution exposure.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2006

Factors influencing lung function: are the predicted values for spirometry reliable enough?

Spirometric lung function parameters are used as a diagnostic tool and to monitor therapy effectiveness or the course of disease. On the other hand, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are important predictors of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. In clinical use, FEV(1) and FVC are measured in liters and usually each is expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Reference values used for the prediction of lung function should be reliable. It seems crucial that the reference cohort be representative. There is no doubt that gender and height are the most important predictors of lung function. The third predictor, age, may be a confounding factor. The study of age-dependent changes in lung function through the lifespan reveals distinctive differences. The FEV(1) and FVC in adults are related to the maximum level attained, the plateau period, and the rate of lung function decline. A non-linear dependence between age and lung function parameters is more complex. The maximum level of lung function, possible to attain, is influenced by a genetic factor. The plateau and decline phases are closely connected with several independent predictors. In the last decade, some new factors influencing lung function have been established. A relation between lung function and hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus is a novel field of interest. Also, the influence on lung function of waist size, weight, and body composition or muscle strength are underscored. These, previously not full well unrecognized, factors make it difficult to get accurate norms with regression equations, traditionally using sex, height, and age as predictors.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Immunoglobulin G subclasses and spirometry in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass levels were measured in 58 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 125 healthy controls. Total IgG values were significantly lower in the 27 COPD patients on steroid therapy compared with patients not taking steroids (8.31 (0.14) vs 9.80 (0.14), p less than 0.05), geometric mean (log SD). Total IgG (9.80 (0.14) vs 12.18 (0.16), p less than 0.005), IgG1 (5.87 (0.19) vs 6.68 (0.12), p less than 0.05) and IgG2 levels (2.75 (0.21) vs 3.70 (0.20), p less than 0.005) were significantly reduced in the COPD patients not taking steroids compared with the controls. IgG3 values were significantly elevated in smokers compared with nonsmokers in both the control and COPD groups. Fifteen COPD patients (25.9%) had a low level of one or more subclasses. IgG2 subclass deficiency was the most common, being present in 9 patients. A significant correlation was found between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and IgG2 subclass levels (r = 0.415; p less than 0.005). IgG subclass deficiencies may contribute to the development and progression of respiratory disease in COPD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Spirometry].

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Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Assessment of respiratory deterioration with spirometry].

Respiratory impairment was evaluated in 342 smokers and exsmokers patients, aged 21 to 79 years; 195 were male and 147 female, The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations were followed. Pulmonary function tests: VC, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC% were performed, using a Spirometer Spyro Analyzer, model ST-200, Fukuda Sangyo. The actual values of these tests, were compared with predictive values of Corzo, in order to evaluate the severity of respiratory impairment. In this work, respiratory impairment was found in 104 patients (30%) of 342 studied, distributed as follows: 20 (19.2%) in 20-39 years group, 35 (33.7%) in 40-59 years group and 49 (47.1%) in 60-79 years group. In relation to degree of impairment, 55 patients (52.9%) were mildly impaired, 35 (33.7%) moderately impaired and 14 (13.4%) severely impaired. It was found that 60% (21) moderately impaired patients and 64.3% (9) severely impaired were in 60-79 years group. They also had a larger history of cigarette smoking or smoked more than 30 cigarettes daily. Also a higher frequency of obstructive ventilatory defect causing respiratory impairment was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Normal values of spirometry and peak flow rate in Ethiopian adults and children.

Peak expiratory flow rate (PFR), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured in 650 normal Ethiopians residing in Addis Abeba and Akaki which are located at altitudes of 2500 and 2300 metres, respectively. There were a total of 540 adults and 110 children, and in both groups the sexes were equally represented. All subjects were required to respond to a questionnaire prepared in accordance with the British Medical Research Council (MRC) in order to decide on the subjects which would be included in the study. The data obtained were analysed, and based on the results, prediction formulae for PFR, FEV1 and FVC were made. These formulae were found to be in keeping with those previously reported in similar ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Reference values for spirometry exemplified by FVC and FEV1 parameters--comparison of normal values of the Pathophysiology of Respiration Section and the European Society for Coal and Steel].

Reference values published by the Section Pathophysiology of Breathing in the Society for Pulmology and Tuberculosis of the GDR and reference values of European Community for Coal and Steel (EGKS) were compared on example of FVC and FEV1. It was found a relative well accordance of reference values of FVC and FEV1 in younger and middle-aged men of a height from 160-200 cm (between -5 to +15%). In women with a body height of 150 to 200 cm a well correlation for FVC and FEV1 is also given (-10 to +10%). Reference values are showing a more important difference with increasing age and independent of sex. There are problems concerning the reference values in male and female lower than 155 cm body height.

Adult↗