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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Comparison of the visibility of the anatomical structures of the facial skeleton in panoramic zonography and linear tomography.

The value of cylindrical panoramic radiography (using one rotational axis), a modification of orthopantomography (using three rotational axes), in radiographic examination of maxillo-facial skeleton was estimated by evaluating the visualization of anatomical structures of the facial skeleton on cylindrical panoramic and linear tomographic radiographs of 51 patients examined with both methods. The radiographs were independently reviewed by four radiologists. The visualization of the lateral wall of the orbit and maxillary sinus, nasal septum, alveolar process and zygomatic corpus was better on cylindrical panoramic radiographs. Linear tomography visualized the media wall of orbit better. In visualizing the frontal sinus, orbital floor, medial wall of maxillary sinus and hard palate there were no significant differences between linear tomography and panoramic zonography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Some morphological consequences of uncoupling the lipid bilayer from the plasma membrane skeleton in intact erythrocytes.

Various procedures which achieve the local separation of the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane from the membrane skeleton cause a destabilisation of the lamellar form of the bilayer and release of bilayer microvesicles containing encapsulated cytosol. These procedures can give us information concerning the composition of the bilayer, the nature of its interaction with the membrane skeleton and the mechanism of the membrane fusion events which are involved in vesiculation. Bilayer microvesicles appear to retain the phospholipid orientation of the original cells, suggesting that spectrin is not essential for the maintenance of lipid asymmetry.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1983

[Ossification principle of the laryngeal skeleton of the human and mammals. Comparative anatomic studies].

In 3 oxen, 24 deer, 40 common hares and 27 rabbits, the laryngeal cartilages, freed from soft tissue, were examined roentgenologically for ossification, and compared with the well-known ossification pattern of the human thyroid cartilage. In the human, the thyroid cartilage ossifies in four preferential directions: horizontal-caudal, vertical-lateral, vertical-median, and obliquely tongue-shaped; in cattle ossification in the three directions: horizontal-caudal, vertical-median, and vertical-lateral; and in the deer in two directions: median-concentric and vertical-lateral. The cricoid cartilage in cattle and deer ossifies at the lamina and the upper border of the arch, the arytenoid cartilages ossify at the muscular process. In the common hare the thyroid cartilage ossifies only rarely, the other cartilages, in common with the entire laryngeal skeleton of the rabbit, never. The cause of ossification of the laryngeal cartilages is their deformation by the muscles of the larynx. The differences in the ossification patterns in humans, cattle and deer are due to the species-specific mechanical stress determined by the respective anatomy. The absence of ossification in the common hare and rabbit, on the other hand, is an expression of too small a deformational stress of their laryngeal skeleton. Ossification and nonossification are examples of the same principle, the self-regulating adaptation of connective and supportive tissues to mechanical stresses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Ossification of the sheep skeleton].

The ossification of sheep skeleton was investigated from 4th to 10th week of gravidity by means of cryostat and paraffin serial sections, cleared specimens and grenz ray radiographs. Significant decalcification occurred in paraffin sections and cleared specimens. These artifacts were not observed in cryostat sections and grenz ray radiographs of silver impregnated specimens. The Clavicle being the oldest bone of sheep embryo contains calcium deposits for the first time at a crown rump length (CRL) of 20.5 mm. During the further development of limbs Radius (at 28 mm CRL) and Tibia (at 30 mm CRL) ossify slightly earlier than Humerus and Ulna or Femur and Fibula respectively. The ossification of the diaphyses of all parallel pairs of long bones starts always at the median sides of these bones which are iuxtaposed to each other. The ossification of the vertebral column starts at C2 (vertebral arch, 45 mm CRL) and at Th1 (vertebral body, 49 mm CRL). During the course of course of development (up to 68 mm CRL) arches and bodies ossify at the same time descending and ascending from a cervical and a lumbar starting point in the vertebral column. The ossification of ribs starts at one point and spreads evenly in all directions over the cartilagineous primordium of the thoracic wall. Mandible and Maxilla are the first bones of skull to appear. They ossify with particular regularity at a CRL of 26.5 mm or 27 mm respectively. During the further development of skull the sequence of ossification of Parietal bone and Temporal bone and of Nasal bone and Zygomatic bone varies. The hypothesis is suggested that the observed variations in the development of sheep skeleton are caused by racial differences of the material investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Identification of the molecular defect in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton of some kindreds with hereditary spherocytosis.

We have localized the molecular alteration in the membrane skeleton of two of four kindreds with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) to an alteration in the spectrin-protein-4.1 interaction due to a defective spectrin molecule. The defective spectrin-protein-4.1 interaction in these kindreds (referred to as type I HS) leads to a weakened spectrin-protein-4.1-actin ternary complex, which in turn may lead to the friable membrane skeleton and suggested membrane instability related to this disorder. Type I HS spectrin binds approximately 63% as much protein-4.1 as normal spectrin (with equal affinity). This defect does not correlate with splenic function or erythrocyte age in the circulation. However, the approximately 37% reduction in binding of protein-4.1 to HS spectrin approaches the theoretical value of 50% expected in this autosomal dominant disorder. All other type I membrane skeletal interactions (spectrin-syndein, spectrin heterodimer-heterodimer, syndein-band-3) were found to be normal. It would appear therefore that the defective HS spectrin-protein-4.1 interaction in type I hereditary spherocytosis may be the primary molecular defect rather than a secondary phenomena.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

[Combined malleolar lesion in the growing skeleton].

Some examples are given in order to describe the combined lesion of the ankle joint in the growing skeleton after a supination trauma. This lesion in the growing skeleton is similar to the basic type A of luxation fractures according to Weber[4]: lateral ligament rupture or lysis of the fibular zone of bone growth, respectively, combined with fracture of the medial malleolus and involvement of the tibial zone of bone growth. In some cases, anteroposterior radiographs are necessary in order to establish a complete diagnosis. The pictures should always be compared with those of the uninjured side. Skeletal dysplasia as well as joint instability can be avoided by a differentiated therapy depending on the initial findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The change of polymorphonuclear elastase releasing from ischemic skeleton muscles after reperfusion].

This report evaluates the activity of Polymorphonuclear Elastase (PMNE), after reperfusion of the skeleton muscles during the infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysmal surgery. We studied the following data to prevent post-operative complications of acute arterial occlusion: the change of PMNE and alpha 1-AT and the effect of Ulinastatin (U)-the inhibitor of PMNE. Twenty surgical cases of the abdominal aortic aneurysms were used in the study. Ten cases of non-U-treated served as group I, 10 cases of U-treated served as group II. PMNE level, in group I, showed a value of 233.7 +/- 34.8 micrograms/l pre-clump and 848.0 +/- 110.3 micrograms/l after releasing the clamp 2 hours later (p < 0.001). In group II, pre-clamping value was 204.8 +/- 21.0 and a relative low value of PMNE (416.7 +/- 36.6 micrograms/l) 2 hours later after releasing the clamp compared with group I. In group I, consistently positive correlations were found between the duration of clamping time and the value of PMNE. This study shows that PMNE increases statistically after re-perfusion of the skeleton muscle. U shows a significant inhibition of PMNE increasing. U may prevent further damages of the visceral organs after operation of acute arterial occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Morphometric studies on the facial skeleton of humans and pongids based on CT-scans.

The changes of the skull, which we can observe during the anthropogenesis, are reflected especially in the different skull proportions. We carried out metric measurements at the median level on 10 adult skulls each of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas as well as 11 skulls of orangutans. All skulls were scanned with a CT at the median level. We measured the lines and angles of the scans and the means and the standard deviations were calculated. We carried out a correlation analysis to observe the relation of their characteristics. We showed that there is a relation between the length of the skull base and the facial length in all species. From the results of the correlation analysis, we can also conclude that a relation exists between the degree of prognathism and the different length measurements of the facial skeleton. We also found a bending of the facial skeleton in relation to the cranial base towards the ventral side, also known as klinorhynchy, in all observed species. The highest degree of klinorhynchy was found in humans and the lowest in orangutans. We will discuss the different definition of the term klinorhynchy and its importance in the evolution of the hominoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental immunotherapy of neoplastic pleural effusion with oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton in mice.

An experimental model for neoplastic pleural effusion was made using a transplantable pleural fibrosarcoma MC-106 in ddO mice, and a local immunotherapy of neoplastic pleural effusion with oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton was attempted. Viable cells (3 X 10(5)) of MC-106 were injected into the right pleural cavity of the mice on day 0 with a tuberculin syringe which was joined to a two-way tap attached to a capillary manometer. All of the mice in the control group, which received intrapleurally saline solution 24 hr after the injection of tumor cells, died within 24 days and the mean survival time was 16.9 +/- 3.4 (SD) days. Macroscopically massive blooded pleural effusion in both pleural cavities and multiple tumor nodules on the surface of parietal and visceral pleura were observed. On the other hand, the mice which received intrapleurally 100 mug of oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton 24 hr after the injection of tumor cells survived much longer. About 50% of the mice remained alive and were killed on day 95. They revealed histologically no malignant lesion of the pleura except for residual changes of inflammatory reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for hyperostotic diseases on a series of skeletons. Epidemiological implications].

Three sets of diagnostic criteria for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis were evaluated in 78 medieval skeletons from subjects aged 30 years or more at the time of death. Prevalence of the disease ranged from 7.6 to 11.5% according to the criteria used. Gross examination of skeletons was consistent with hyperostosis in 16.6% of cases. The lesions observed are described. A new set of criteria is suggested: 1) involvement of three vertebras (bridging of two intervertebral spaces) at the lower thoracic spine; 2) involvement of four vertebras (bridging of three intervertebral spaces) at any level; 3) flowing ossification along the anterolateral aspect of at least two contiguous vertebras; 4) enthesopathies without remodeling of the cortex symmetrically involving the posterior calcanei, olecranons, and upper patellas. Decreased disk height in elderly subjects and para-articular bony bridging of the sacroiliac joints do not rule out the diagnosis. The diagnosis is definite in patients with criteria 1 or 2, probable in patients with criteria 3 and 4, and possible in patients with criterion 3 or criterion 4.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Adjuvant activity of mycobacterial fractions. I. Purification and in vivo adjuvant activity of cell wall skeletons of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Nocardia asteroides 131 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8.

The adjuvant activity of cell wall skeletons (mycolic acid-arabino-galactan-mucopeptide, CWS) prepared from the cells of mycobacteria, nocardia and corynebacteria was examined in vivo in mice and guinea pigs. The cell wall skeletons of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG-CWS), Nocardia asteroides 131 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae PWC suspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) as water-in-oil emulsions showed potent adjuvant activity on the formation of circulating antibody and cell-mediated immunity to bovine serum albumin (BSA), sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and sulfanylazo-bovine serum albumin (SA-BSA) in mice and guinea pigs. After acetylation or acid treatment, BCG-CWS retained its adjuvant activity, but the activity of BCG-CWS was destroyed completely by alkaline treatment. The cell wall constituents, arabinose-mycolate and arabino-galactan, prepared from BCG-CWS showed no adjuvant activity. It was also shown that BCG-CWS suspended in phosphate buffered saline or associated with oil droplets augmented cell-mediated cytotoxicity in which thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) are effector cells.

Acids↗
PubMed1993

Increased growth rate and tumor burden of spontaneously metastatic Walker 256 cancer cells in the skeleton of bisphosphonate-treated rats.

We have studied the effect of 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) on the morphology of rat bone and the metastatic behavior of Walker 256 (W256) cancer cells in the rat skeleton. Male Fischer rats (150-175 g) received s.c. injections for 7 days with APD (0.5 mg/kg body weight/day) (+ APD; n = 20) or with vehicle (-APD; n = 20). Subsequently, 10 + PD and 10 -APD rats received i.m. injections with W256 cells (+ W256), and the remaining rats received injections of vehicle (-W256). All rats were killed 14 days later. Trabecular bone volume was increased by 46 +/- 3% by APD treatment alone and was decreased by 56 +/- 7% (SEM) by W256 tumor burden alone. After 14 days of tumor burden, + APD/+ W256 rats had 3-fold more trabecular bone than did -APD/+W256 rats. Despite this bone-sparing effect, APD treatment of +W256 rats was associated with a 2.6-fold increase in skeletal tumor burden, while metastatic tumor burden in the liver, lungs, and kidneys was unaffected. The increased skeletal tumor burden in + APD/+ W256 rats was accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of W256 cells located in bone. Independent of APD treatment, W256 cells located adjacent to trabecular bone surfaces had greater growth rates than did W256 cells in the marrow, located > 50 microns from trabecular bone. In summary, the APD-induced increase in trabecular bone volume in rats is associated with a selective increase in skeletal tumor burden and an increased growth rate of W256 cells in the skeleton.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cephalometric characteristics of the facial skeleton and base of the skull in prognathic bite].

Lateral teleroentgenography was used to examine facial skeleton and skull base in 62 patients with progenic occlusion formed because of adenoids. Thirty-four subjects with similar occlusions but without nasopharyngeal diseases were examined for control. Specific features of the cerebral and facial segments of the skull associated with the presence of adenoids were detected, namely, reduced size of the anterior and posterior sections of skull base, increased inclination angle, reduced length of maxillary body base and of apical basis and the distal position of the maxilla, increase of the maxillary body anterior height and of the central segment of the face, excessive growth of mandibular body and particularly of its branch parallelled by its increased angle and anterior height of the face, disordered correlations between various parameters. The authors come to a conclusion that progenic occlusion formation in adenoids results from early synostosis of synchondroses at the skull base and from disharmonious development of the entire facial skeleton.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1993

Evidence that red blood cell protein p55 may participate in the skeleton-membrane linkage that involves protein 4.1 and glycophorin C.

Human erythrocyte p55 is a peripheral membrane protein that contains three distinct domains in its primary structure: an N-terminal domain, an SH3 motif, and a C-terminal guanylate kinase domain. We used naturally mutated red blood cells (RBCs) with primary genetic defects resulting in the absence of protein 4.1 (4.1[-] hereditary elliptocytosis) or glycophorin C (Leach elliptocytosis). The absence of either protein was associated with the absence of p55. On a stoichiometric basis, the reduction in glycophorin C (about 80%) was concomitant to the lack of p55 in RBCs devoid of protein 4.1. Similarly, the reduction of protein 4.1 (about 20%) was equivalent to the absence of p55 in RBCs devoid of glycophorin C. These correlations suggest that p55 is associated, in precise proportions, with the protein 4.1-glycophorin-C complex, linking the skeleton and the membrane. The protein 4.1-glycophorin-C cross-bridge is known to be critically important for the stability and mechanical properties of human RBC plasma membrane. Because isoforms of protein 4.1, glycophorin C, and p55 exist in many tissues, these results provide evidence of a linkage between the skeleton and the membrane that may have implications in many nonerythroid cells.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1993

hsp 70-like protein in rhesus erythrocyte cytosol and its interactions with membrane skeleton under heat and pathologic stress.

The rhesus erythrocytes were examined for the presence of protein(s) similar to the 70-kDa class of heat shock proteins (hsp 70). Also, interactions of these proteins with the erythrocyte membrane were studied under heat stress. These cells in their cytosol contained at least two proteins of about 70 kDa molecular mass; one of which closely resembled the hsp 70 family of proteins. This protein under normal conditions localized mainly in the cytosol, but it had a strong tendency to bind the membrane under heat stress. The binding was almost exclusively restricted to the membrane skeleton and seemed to involve primarily the hydrophobic interactions. A 70-kDa protein immunologically similar to the above protein(s) was detected also in the membranes of rhesus erythrocytes harboring the schizont stage of the simian malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. From these results, we conclude that hsp 70-like proteins in the mature mammalian erythrocytes could perhaps play an important role in protecting the cells under stress by stabilizing the membrane skeleton through their interactions with skeletal proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Scaphocephaly in a prehistoric skeleton from Harappa, Pakistan.

Irregularities of cranial suture closure resulting in scaphocephaly are documented for a number of prehistoric and historic human populations of the eastern and western hemispheres, but what may be the first recorded case from southern Asia appeared during the 1987 archaeological field season at the Indus Valley Civilization site of Harappa, Pakistan. The female specimen with this condition also exhibits indicators of developmental abnormalities in the postcranial skeleton. These features are discussed in the context of assessing anatomical and ontogenetical relationships of craniostenostic eccentricities with abnormalities of facial, dental and postcranial regions of the skeletons of scaphocephalic individuals.

Congenital Abnormalities↗