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PubMed2003

[Chlorhexidine varnishes in dentistry].

Since the discovery of chlorhexidine as a potential surface antiseptic in the fifties, it has been abundantly used in different kinds of dental pharmaceutics. During the past decade chlorhexidine containing varnishes have been added to this list. These products present several advantages in comparison to the existing chlorhexidine formulations. Varnishes should be considered as further options for prevention of fissure and approximal caries, possibly in combination with already established methods. For patients at high risk for root surface caries, varnish application might be a meaningful preventive and therapeutic approach. In this paper, the existing literature on the use of two different chlorhexidine varnishes (Cervitec and EC40) in different fields in dentistry will be reviewed.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Huli oral health.

The Tari oral health study was conducted in 1985 and aimed to provide an oral health profile of a rural highlands community. The sample was selected from the database of the Tari Research Unit, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea and consisted of 815 Huli people aged from 3 to 64 years, in seven age groups, who were examined for oral health status and had completed an interview-questionnaire. A wide range of oral health status was seen, ranging from excellent to very poor. Dental caries and periodontal disease were common in the population. Oral habits such as smoking and betelnut chewing were associated with an increase in leukoplakia, which may lead to oral cancer in some people. Dental caries varied in prevalence and severity. Higher decayed, missing and filled teeth scores in the primary teeth of young children were associated with defective tooth formation (hypoplasia) linked to maternal and childhood illnesses and nutritional deficiencies. Older adults had the worst oral health, with the 45-64 year old group having a caries prevalence of 95% and a decayed, missing and filled teeth score of 14.7. Root surface caries, seen as a consequence of poor oral hygiene and gum recession, was the major site of caries attack in the older Hull. The public oral health services are unable to reach a large proportion of the rural population, and people continue to use traditional herbal and folk remedies. Many seek the skills of local tooth extractors who use six-inch nails with no anaesthetic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Bioengineering seeds of contemplation: a private practitioner's perspective.

In a precise semantic sense, the most significant biomaterial in dentistry is the human tooth. How it reacts, changes and is affected during the dynamics of occlusal loading should be reexamined in light of modern technology. Much is known about the embryology, histology, biochemistry, anatomy, and the microbiology affecting teeth; however, there are areas of biomechanics, biochemistry, and bioelectricity which also affect dental hard tissues that remain largely unexplored. Technological advances enable us to use more sophisticated instrumentation to measure and quantify changes that occur during the dynamics of occlusal activity. Armed with this information, dentistry can better understand how teeth interact with restorative materials in order to increase the longevity of both.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Remineralization of advanced root dentin lesions in vitro.

The possibility for remineralization of advanced root dentin lesions was investigated in vitro. Lesions were produced in acidic buffer solution with 0.1 and 0.5 ppm fluoride, for 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, using a single-section model. Next, the sections were immersed in a remineralization solution containing 0.1 ppm F (as NaF) for 20 weeks. Microradiographs were made after each 4-week-period. The lesions were around 500 micro m deep, with mineral loss values between 11,000 and 18000 vol%.microm. After 20 weeks of remineralization, the absolute amounts of deposited mineral ranged from 7500 to 10000 vol%. micro m, corresponding to a repair between 50 and 85%. Lesion depth was, on average, reduced by 199 micro m. This was not significantly different (at p < 0.05) between the four experimental groups. This study showed that remineralization of advanced dentinal lesions is possible in spite of the virtual absence of mineral in the lesion body after demineralization. The surface layer of the lesion was the preferred site for mineral deposition until mineral content values reached those of sound dentine. The mineral content in the lesion body increased with time, at a rate reflecting the initial severity of the lesion. We conclude that a remineralized surface layer does not inhibit transport of mineral ions to the body and that the remineralization in the lesion body reflected the number of sites for crystal growth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Carious lesions in the heroin addicted patient. A case report.

Heroin abuse is destroying the health of many individuals in our society. Much of the information that has appeared in the literature has concerned itself with the general health of addicts; the oral health status of these individuals has not been studied to the same extent. This report will present and discuss the management of a case involving the effects of long-term heroin abuse on the dentition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Inhibiting effect on demineralization of permanent root surfaces after different topical application of fluorides and a solution containing Fe- and Al-ions.

Fifteen roots were used in this study to compare different topical fluoride compounds on the inhibiting effect of artificial root surface carious lesions. A 2% NaF-solution, Duraphat and a test solution-containing Fe+3, Al+3 with and without fluoride were tested. The results indicated that only the test solution independent of fluoride was able to increase acid resistance. No differences could be observed between the controls and the surfaces treated with the other fluoride agents. The test solution thus seem to be applicable against root surface caries.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Caries prevention.

It is apparent that the use of fluoride in multiple measures has a significant impact upon the prevention of dental caries. These measures involve public health benefits of water fluoridation, professional fluoride treatments in the dental office, and the home use of effective fluoridated dentifrices, with the use of fluoride rinses and gels as adjuncts when needed. In many clinical situations, professional judgment is required to identify the most appropriate treatment measures to address the needs of individual patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Caries prevalence in the deciduous dentition of a mediaeval population from the south-west of Scotland.

The prevalence, distribution and location of dental caries were studied in the deciduous dentition of 185 skeletons aged between 6 months and 13 years from a large, mostly mediaeval, cemetery, where successive phases of use could be distinguished. The main phases dated from 1240 to 1440 AD. During this period, no consistent trend or pattern of caries was identified, but there was a significantly higher caries prevalence in the age band 6-12.9 years than in the age band 0.1-5.9 years. The caries prevalence in the juveniles from the earlier Northumbrian, or Anglo-Saxon, phase of the cemetery was higher than in any mediaeval phase group, with mostly approximal surfaces affected. In the mediaeval population, first deciduous molars generally showed lower caries prevalence than second deciduous molars, significantly lower for the older age band, and maxillary molars consistently showed lower levels than mandibular molars. The highest caries rate, shown by mandibular second molars in the older age band, was 7.9%. In deciduous molars, the occlusal surface was most frequently affected by caries, whereas in the permanent molars of the same population the approximal surfaces had shown the highest level of attack. The overall caries prevalence in deciduous teeth in the mediaeval population of Whithorn was 2.3% of the teeth present, lower than the levels found in previous Scottish and English population groups, including a small assemblage of children from the Scottish sites of Elcho, Southwick and Kirkhill.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A clinical trial of the anticaries efficacy of casein derivatives complexed with calcium phosphate in patients with salivary gland dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the caries preventive efficacy of a mouthrinse solution containing casein derivatives coupled with calcium phosphate (CD-CP) with that of a 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthrinse among individuals with dry mouth. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized control trial design was used. Participants included individuals who had had radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (n = 82) and others with Sjögren's syndrome (n = 56). Baseline data collection was followed by reexamination 12 months later. Posterior bite-wing radiographs were taken on both occasions. RESULTS: A total of 124 participants, 61 (49.2%) in the sodium fluoride group and 63 (50.8%) in the CD-CP group, completed the 12-month examination. The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups did not differ. Coronal caries incidence was higher in the sodium fluoride group than in the CD-CP group (34.4% and 27%, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the small difference in coronal caries increment between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (0.4 and 0.3 surfaces, respectively). There was insufficient root surface caries experience between the 2 groups observed for differences to be examined. Proportionately more of the CD-CP group lost 1 or more teeth, and the mean number of tooth loss was higher. The participants with the highest incidence and increment were those with Sjögren's syndrome in the CD-CP group. Some of that difference was accounted for by differences in baseline caries status. CONCLUSION: It appears that CD-CP preparations hold promise as caries preventive agents for individuals with dry mouth, although confirmation of this study's findings in other settings is warranted before a definitive conclusion can be reached.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

In situ remineralization of root surface lesions using a fluoride chewing gum or fluoride-releasing device.

The in situ remineralization of early root surface lesions was studied using a fluoride-releasing device (FRD) or a fluoride chewing gum. Root specimens with subsurface lesions were mounted in removable lower appliances in 6 adult subjects. Test groups chewed five sticks/day (0.1 mg F/stick) or one FRD (0.5 mg F/day release rate) was mounted in the midline of the appliance. A fluoride-free dentifrice was used three times/day for each 21-day control and the two test regimens. Separate root lesions were used to measure fluoride uptake or changes in mineral content by quantitative microradiography. Comparable values for percent remineralization for both FRDs and F gum were higher than controls, and the F uptake for FRDs exceeded both the F gum and controls (p = 0.05).

Adult↗