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Results for “Psychosexual Development”

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PubMed1984

Psychosocial development of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual behavior.

Relationships with overt adult Kinsey Scale scores (K) indicate that early sexual experiences are most closely related to K, followed in order by gender related and familial variables. A developmental model emphasizing social learning is presented. Interviewees were 7669 American white males and females. Elevated K (more homosexual scores) was found for females who had few girl companions at age 10 and few male companions at 16, had learned to masturbate by being masturbated by a female, had intense prepubertal sexual contact with boys or men, found thought or sight of females, but not males, arousing by age 18, had homosexual contact by age 18, higher K at 17, and higher first-year homosexual behavior frequency. Elevated K (more homosexual scores) was found for males who reported poorer teenage relationships with their fathers, had more girl companions at age 10, fewer male companions at 10 and 16, avoided sports participation, learned of homosexuality by experience, learned to masturbate by being masturbated by a male, had intense prepubertal sexual contact with boys or men, had neither heterosexual contact nor petting to orgasm by age 18, found thought or sight of males, but not females, arousing by age 18, had homosexual contact by age 18, higher K at ages 16 and 17, and had higher first-year homosexual behavior frequency. Behavioral bisexuals, those scoring between 2.0 and 4.0 on the K scale on the basis of overt behavior (0.7% of females, 1.2% of males), reported more arousal to heterosexual stimuli than did exclusive heterosexuals.

Family↗
PubMed1981

[Puberty].

Puberty commences in girls 1.5-2 years earlier than in boys. Whereas the production of sexual hormone in the female increases gradually, testosterone secretion in the male rises steeply within two years. In connection with this boys are suffering more often from emotional disturbances than girls during puberty. During the last 150 years the onset of puberty has considerably advanced. In the middle of the last century, menarche occurred at age 17; today, however, at age 12.5. This secular acceleration is caused by improved nutrition, mainly with proteins. Presupposition for the earlier onset of puberty is an earlier arriving at the developmental stage (height, weight, bone maturation) which formerly was characteristic for prepubertal children of 10/11 years. Also the physiologic variants, i.e., the so-called early normal puberty and constitutional delay of growth and adolescence, base on prepubertal differences in growth velocity and growth hormone secretion. In contrast to this, the pathologic variants of sexual development, i.e., true sexual precocity and pubertas tarda s.s., are caused by various pathologic processes located in one of the three areas: hypothalamus, pituitary, or gonads.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Gender identity outcome in female-raised 46,XY persons with penile agenesis, cloacal exstrophy of the bladder, or penile ablation.

This review addresses the long-term gender outcome of gender assignment of persons with intersexuality and related conditions. The gender assignment to female of 46,XY newborns with severe genital abnormalities despite a presumably normal-male prenatal sex-hormone milieu is highly controversial because of variations in assumptions about the role of biological factors in gender identity formation. This article presents a literature review of gender outcome in three pertinent conditions (penile agenesis, cloacal exstrophy of the bladder, and penile ablation) in infancy or early childhood. The findings clearly indicate an increased risk of later patient-initiated gender re-assignment to male after female assignment in infancy or early childhood, but are nevertheless incompatible with the notion of a full determination of core gender identity by prenatal androgens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Phenomenology and history of the origin of exhibitionism].

Exhibitionism should not be misunderstood as a throw back into phylogenetically highly primitive "sexual advertising". The issue is also missed if one shares the widespread belief that at least some of the cases could be explained by an abnormally increased sexual drive. This sexual deviation mostly appears for the first time at the turn of the second to the third decade of life. The relatively close association with age is not conspicuous when we take a look at first police reports or at the sum total of culpable criminal offences. Only about one-tenth of the cases concern late delinquency beyond 35 or 40 years of age. More than 75% of the adult delinquents had married. Marriage practically never implied a turning-point within the sexual maldevelopment, perhaps also largely due to the specific choice of the spouse. It is more likely that the original conflicts are even aggravated as a result of the confrontation with the marriage partner. There is a sharp contrast between the general tendency on the part of the exhibitionists to follow a set behavioural pattern which is stereotyped and rather mechanical, on the one hand, and the wide variety of "victims" selected by many of these delinquents on the other. There is also a noticeable affinity to theft and misappropriation of property--a criminologically interesting aspect. Among the factors contributing to a lack of self-concept and deficient feeling of male identity, the following have been determined to act in combination with other negative influences: The delinquents grow up in a large family comprising many brothers and sisters, a highly significant factor being a predominance of boys among the siblings; often, there is no positive male reference person as would be represented by the father; or the patient is himself an illegitimate offspring. There may often be a physical malformation or handicap acting as a kind of social stigma. This can result in amplifying the subjective feeling of rejection or non-acceptance. Conflicts of the type of a dysmorphophobia were in far more than one-third of the examined 40 patients contributory to the prerequisites of sexual anomaly. Lack of confidence in one's own capacities is one of the main factors in preventing the delinquents from being professionally as successful as their fathers--which would offer a chance of raising their self-esteem. Self-limitation because of strong aggressive inhibition seems to be the main reason for the albeit slight deterioration in status-determined behaviour and hence social status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Human sexual development.

Empirical research by scholars from several disciplines provides the basis for an outline of the process of sexual development. The process of achieving sexual maturity begins at conception and ends at death. It is influenced by biological maturation/aging, by progression through the socially-defined stages of childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and later life, and by the person s relationships with others, including family members, intimate partners, and friends. These forces shape the person's gender and sexual identities, sexual attitudes and sexual behavior. Adults display their sexuality in a variety of lifestyles, with heterosexual marriage being the most common. This diversity contributes to the vitality of society. Although changes in sexual functioning in later life are common, sexual interest and desire may continue until death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Paradigms revised: intersex children, bioethics & the law.

Ms. Hermer explores the controversy surrounding the management of intersex infants and children in America. Her focus on the areas of medical malpractice and informed consent leads her to the conclusion that contrary to some recommendations, a moratorium on cosmetic genital and sex assignment surgeries for infants and children is not warranted. Rather, providers should focus on offering parents with complete information, referrals to support groups and forthright discussions on the dearth of information available.

Child↗
PubMed1979

The development of time sense--from birth to object constancy.

This paper represents an attempt to delineate the developmental line of time sense from birth to object constancy, concentrating on those maturational and environmental factors which determine psychotemporal adaptation in infancy and early childhood. Observational data and clinical vignettes are used to support theoretical formulations. Time sense is understood as a subjective, dynamic emergence which evolves throughout the life cycle. Psychoanalysis has paid little attention to the theory of time, and much needs to be accomplished to formulate the developmental line of time for the remainder of the life cycle.

Adaptation, Psychological↗