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PubMed1979

[Nosologic position of confabulatory-paraphrenic psychoses of old age].

Three groups of elderly patients were studied. The state of these patients was characterized by confabulatory-paraphrenic delusion which developed for the first in senility. The nozological character of the first two groups of patients did not cause any doubt about their close connection with senile dementia. The third group of patients varied only by the presence of the confabulatory-paraphrenic delusion without any signs of endogenous or senile-atrophic processes. The comparative study of the psychopathological traits of confabulatory-paraphrenic delusion in all patients showed that in all three groups there was a similarity of this symptomatology. Besides, the type of personality traits and hereditary loading in all three groups of patients appeared to be similar. It is suggested that nosologically studied group of psychoses in old age developing only with confabulatory-paraphrenic delusion without endogenous or organic dementia first appearing in seniscence should be referred to be senile dementia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Typology of status upon discharge from a psychiatric hospital and evaluation of the effectiveness of treating patients with endogenous psychoses].

A new form of evaluating the state (formula) in patients with endogenous psychoses when being discharged from the mental hospital is proposed. This formula contains a differentiated estimation of the clinical and socio-working state, as well as a list of risk factors for relapses, treatment complications, social deadaptation and an assessment of the treatment efficacy. This form is directed towards a perfection of the continuity between inpatient and outpatient mental services in the treatment of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Determination of similarity and dissimilarity of endogenous psychoses in monozygotic twins based on a differential diagnosis].

The frequently published opinion that endogenous psychoses in monozygotic twins often show a marked lack of similarity could not be confirmed by the results of studies performed by the author and his associates. In general, differenting diagnosis allows the particular syndrome, on which the establishment of the respective diagnosis is based, to be nearly always observed in either partner. On the other hand, changes of mood, which are accessory symptoms, often show a different picture which may perhaps be regarded as being due to the fact that monozygotic twins often differ in their respective temperaments. The course and severity of the disease also usually show considerable differences which may in part be due to additional affections.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Disorders of time perception in endogenous psychoses].

Already in the normal state of health often there are alterations of subjective time experience both as acceleration and delay of the lapse of time. These impairments of time perception are more important in the psychopathological field. Except during organic brain disease disturbances of time experience are observed especially during endogenous psychoses. Depressed men usually feel an unpleasant extension of subjective time experience. In schizophrenia there is a specific distorsion of time, characterized by troubles of the biographic orientation, by magic connexion-thinking with regard to time, or by a "collapse" of the chronological order. Somatic as well as psychological conditions seem to cause these disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Psychopathometric examinations on patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses (author's transl)].

Eighty one patients with schizophrenic or similar psychoses were tested three times using different psychopathological scales: at the beginning and at the end of clinical treatment, and 5-6 years after discharge. The psychopathometrical description showed an improvement in productive-psychotic and depressive-apathetic symptoms during clinical treatment and the deterioration at follow-up. For example 67% of the patients suffered from marked paranoid symptoms at admission, only 14% at discharge, but 30% at follow-up. The configuration-frequency-analysis on syndrome-intensities allowed a more differentiated insight into the frequency of improvement and deterioration in particular cases. As to paranoid symptoms for example, 26% of the patients showed deterioration at follow-up. The majority of the depressive states seen on discharge were already in existence on admission. The results of the self-rating and the rating by the psychiatrist was not in complete concordance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Complications of combined use of lithium salts and neuroleptics in patients with endogenous psychoses].

The present study deals with side effects following combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment in 60 manic and manic-delusional patients with manic-depressive illness, schizoaffective psychoses and shift-like schizophrenia. The author studied 238 independent courses of combined therapy and compared them with 146 courses of treatment with neuroleptics alone and 43 courses of lithium therapy. Pharmacological and clinical studies make it possible to divide all side effects into three groups: typical neuroleptic and lithium side effects and neuroleptic-lithium ones. The latter were observed in 6.3% of all courses of combined therapy. The author describes severe neurotoxic reactions in two patients, mild persistent psychoorganic (encephalopathic) syndrome in seven patients and some other special side effects. Practically all complications were reversible and occurred significantly more frequently in schizoaffective and schizophrenic patients than in manic-depressive ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Postpartum psychoses].

We have reviewed actual forms of postpartum psychoses from three clinical cases, hospitalized for six weeks in an open service. The frequency is declining and the clinical picture can be threefold: oniroidconfusional, pure affective and schizophreniform. The short term course and long term prognosis are generally good, with the exception of latent underlying psychosis. Nevertheless, there is a real risk for further pregnancies necessitating birth control. The etiology is multifactorial: heredo-constitutional factors, reactional, psychodynamic and somatic. The most difficult differential diagnosis is that of early schizophrenia or onset of manic-depression and often the ultimate course permits to assess the diagnosis. Treatment is with psychotropic drugs, electroconvulsive treatment and psychotherapy emphasizing the early mother-child relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Long-term course of psychoses in continuously hospitalized patients].

Thorough reexamination of 70 patients in a long-term psychiatric ward led to partial revision of the diagnoses. Classified on the basis of Leohards's differential diagnostics, the large proportion of schizophrenics has dropped by over a third from 78% to 47%. Half of the 22 psychosis originally considered to be schizophrenia proved to be curable phasic and cycloid psychoses which had previously been overlooked and the other half were mental disturbances caused by brain-organic damage. A third of the chronic mental illnesses were found to be rooted in somatic brain lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Clinical-pathogenetic patterns in the course of reactive psychoses in persons who have suffered cranio-cerebral injuries].

The author conducted a clinico-statistical and follow up study, related to the development of a clinical shaping, courese and outcome of reactive psychoses in individuals with brain traumas. The data gave grounds to eliminate 2 main groups of psychogenic reactions: hysterical and endoform. The former developed on the personality-charactegenic level and developed more moderately. Endoform reactive psychses appeared on a more profound personality--vital level and had a more severe course with a worse prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Vitamin C metabolism in patients with presenile psychoses].

The author studied vitamin C metabolism in 125 patients with presenile psychoses. There is a vitamin C deficit in patients, which does not disappear during treatment. In order to remove C hypovitaminosis and to exert a purposeful influence on the metabolism as a nonspecific agent increasing the reactions and reactivity of the organism, the author recommends the use of vitamin C in dosages not less than 500 mg daily.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1984

[Disorders of premorbid social adaptation as a predictor of the 5-year prognosis of schizophrenic psychoses].

The prognostic validity of three scales concerning premorbid adjustment (Gittelman-Klein-Scale, Goldstein-Scale, Phillips-Scale) was tested in a 5-year follow-up study on 81 patients with schizophrenic or paranoid psychoses. The scales showed relatively high correlation with various outcome criteria. In general, however the total scores were of no greater predictive value than the prognostically most relevant single items of each scale. As compared to the shorter and more practicable Phillips-Scale, the longer scales (Gittelman-Klein- and Goldstein-Scale) did not show higher predictive power.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Psychopathology and prognosis of puerperal psychoses].

Psychopathology and prognosis of puerperal psychoses are discussed on the basis of 45 cases. Syndrome description is of special significance to therapy. Prognosis, on the whole, cannot be called favourable problems relevant to individual cases (suicidalism, delinquency) are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Catamnestic surveys on somato-psychosocial development in childhood and adolescence of patients with unipolar depressive and bipolar manic-depressive psychoses].

The somatic and psychosocial development of 80 subjects with manifest affective-phasic psychoses is studied retrospectively and compared with that of an identically sized control group consisting of neuropsychiatrically healthy subjects. Statistically significant differences were found particularly in the answers to questions dealing with social situation and social adaptability. Achievement at school and vocational qualifications were lower among the parents of the patients than among those of the healthy subjects. Characteristic features of the patients' childhood and adolescence were transient depression, often for no apparent cause, and maladaption, and vocational wishes were fulfilled less often than among the controls. The patients experienced greater difficulty in settling in to a new group due to their contact difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Preventive treatment of affective psychoses with finlepsin].

The prolonged (up to two years) use of finlepsin in manic-depressive and schizoaffective psychoses in 35 patients has shown this drug to possess a prophylactic effect comparable with the prophylactic action of lithium. In the course of treatment, the average cumulative duration of the morbid state considered in proportion to the observation period reduced from 87% to 37%. The dose of finlepsin reached as high as 1400 mg daily, with the average maintenance dose being 821 mg/day. Both critical and lytic variants of phasic reduction are traced.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[French empiric criteria for psychoses. I. Situation of the problem and methodology].

The French classification of mental disorders is a simple nomenclature which provides no definitions nor any other information concerning the categories. The present study describes the methodological guidelines of a nation-wide investigation that was initiated to establish empirical operational definitions for schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses of classical French nosology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Postoperative psychoses in heart surgery].

The examination of 56 patients with psychoses following closed commissurotomy (in 1,24% of cases), open commissurotomy (in 3,22%) and prosthetics of heart valves (in 9,1%) enabled the authors to conclude that they are caused by hypercoagulative phase of the disseminated intravascular coagulation of blood.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Schizoaffective psychoses: review of nosographic concepts and longitudinal clinical study].

A through review of the literature relating to the schizoaffective psychoses was undertaken; the considerable variety of criteria used for diagnosis accounts for the diversity of the results obtained by various researchers. In order to identify a homogeneous group of schizoaffective patients, four parameters, on which the literature is in agreement were formulated. These have enabled us to isolate 27 schizoaffective subjects and to compare them with two control groups: 25 cases of schizophrenia and 26 cases of maniac-depressive psychosis. On the basis of the symptomatological and social variables considered (age of onset, cultural level, social adaptation, family history, early and recent events, response to short-term pharmacological treatment, symptomatology during the observation period), we believe that we are able to distinguish schizoaffective subjects from both schizophrenic and dysthymic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classification and prognosis of psychoses.

This article is a report of the symposium "classification and outcome of psychoses" (Jerusalem, 20 June 1982, 13th CINP-congress). As for scientific as for clinical reasons, there is a large need for a good and operational classification system. Different classification systems are examined. The longitudinal ones (DSM-III, Feighner and to a lesser extent RDC) are able to identify a group of schizophrenics with poor outcome. This is mainly due to the time-criterion. Concluding comments are given on the procedure how to investigate and to identify schizophrenics with good prognosis.

Humans↗