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PubMed2000

Individual toluene exposure in rotary printing: increasing accuracy of estimation by linear models based on protocols of daily activity and other measures.

Industrial exposure varies distinctly both between persons and for each person over time. It is often not possible to measure individual exposure repeatedly due to high costs. Therefore, a method for assessment of exposure is needed that accounts for inter- and intraindividual variability. We consider a strategy suggested by Preller et al. (1995, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health 21, 504-512), the idea of which is to predict exposure on several days via a linear model using additional variables as regressors. Those additional variables are easier to obtain than exposure measurements and are assumed to influence exposure. The paper gives a theoretical proof of the use of this method. An example is given using toluene exposure data from a study in a rotogravure printing plant.

Biometry↗
PubMed2005

Dermatitis in a printed-circuit board manufacturing facility.

Dermatitis complaints are frequently encountered among workers in the microelectronics industry and have been associated with a variety of physical, chemical and psychosocial causes. Employees working in the silk-screening and kiln-drying areas of a printed-circuit board manufacturer complained of recurrent itching and rashes. This case report describes those symptoms and the results of a brief survey of the affected employees, which provided useful data regarding the likely aetiology. A brief epidemiological survey instrument was used to gain information regarding the pattern, duration and frequency of employee symptoms. Data from the survey were used to identify seasonal variations in symptoms that correlated with specific environmental factors in the plant. A brief epidemiological investigation using a self-reported symptom survey was an efficient tool to catalogue the character, pattern, duration and frequency of complaints that correlated with specific environmental factors in the plant (temperature and low humidity), which were likely causes of the outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Printed information for patients receiving PUVA therapy.

The preparation and evaluation of written information for patients receiving PUVA therapy is described. The results show that educational reinforcement by means of printed information contributes to greater patient knowledge in respect of the disease state, its therapy and the specific treatment regime prescribed. In addition, improved communication links between patient and practitioner were demonstrated which must ultimately benefit patient care.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Continuing education for general dental practitioners using a printed distance learning programme.

This paper describes the development of a printed distance learning programme by a coordinated team approach. The programme has two components, a resource book and three patient management problem leaflets or challenges and is designed to update general dental practitioners on the management of fissure caries. It includes strategies to meet the educational needs of three groups of general dental practitioners with different educational requirements. It is concluded that the approach described meets the CRISIS criteria for effective continuing education and offers a useful approach to distance learning in dentistry.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗
PubMed1981

Chemical test of phosphates in urinary stones by means of the chromatographic contact print method.

The chromatographic contact print method, making use of the ammonium phosphomolybdate-ascorbic acid reaction, is used to detect phosphates and to view their distribution in urinary stones. This sensitive reaction may take place even if phosphates, especially apatite, are present in such small amounts as to be under the confirmation limits of microscopic observation, and X-ray and infrared analyses.

Apatites↗
PubMed1999

Discourse about menopause in selected print media.

OBJECTIVE: In Western societies, menopause has negative connotations with variable effects for women at midlife. To assess the power of the stereotype, selected popular print media were surveyed for their depiction of menopause. METHOD: Ten years' output of two daily newspapers and four women's magazines was surveyed for menopause-related copy. Both content and discourse analyses were applied to quantify retrieved copy (using SPSS) and identify dominant discourse (using NUD.IST). RESULTS: A database of 302 items was analysed. No consistency in reporting trends was found although there were thematic peaks for 'menopause' in the late 1980s and 'hormone replacement therapy' three years later. With few exceptions, discourse about menopause drew on and reinforced schemata of ill-health, psychological disturbance, vulnerability, decrepitude, biological determinism and disease management. CONCLUSIONS: The limited discourse about menopause in the surveyed media was characterised by strong themes of illness, medical management and fear. A general perception that menopause affects women's health and competence from midlife was reflected by this public discourse. IMPLICATIONS: Public health awareness that menopause is not synonymous with dysfunction will contribute to a paradigmatic shift in public discourse that affords value to all of women's lifespan, not just the procreative.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Extraction of buried P waves from printed electrocardiograms.

BACKGROUND: Morphologic identification of ectopic P-waves from surface ECGs can be challenging, particularly when the P-wave is buried in the QRST wave complex. Because ECGs are often available on paper and not digitally, we developed a method of subtracting the T-wave from the buried P-wave complex on paper ECGs. METHODS: To validate our system, an atrial extrastimulus was introduced during and following the T-wave. The ECGs were scanned and then transformed from an image format to a digital format. A computer algorithm digitally subtracted a QRST with no buried P-wave from one with a buried P-wave, thus resulting in an extracted P-wave. The extracted P-waves were compared to the nonburied P-wave by determining correlation coefficients and by visual grading by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Visual grading comparing the buried P-wave with the exposed paced P-wave was 94%. The median correlation coefficient was 85%. CONCLUSIONS: An ectopic atrial P-wave obscured by a coincident QRST wave complex can be accurately derived from printed ECG using this PC-based system. Addition of this technique to the existing methods may aid in the localization and ablation of ectopic atrial foci.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation and comparison of the electrostatic dust print lifter and the electrostatic detection apparatus on the development of footwear impressions on paper.

The Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter (EDPL) and the Electrostatic Detection Apparatus(2) (ESDA(2)) were compared to determine if both processes could be used to develop footwear impressions of the same or similar quality and in what order they should be used to develop the highest quality footwear impression. The sensitivity of each technique was also evaluated. The quality of the footwear impressions developed was determined by comparing 25 individual characteristics present on the known shoe to the footwear impressions developed using each technique. The footwear impressions were made by stepping on paper placed over several different surfaces, which included: linoleum, industrial Berber carpet, nylon carpet placed over a (3/8)-in. pad, ceramic tile, cardboard, 1-in. foam, 4-in. foam, cement, asphalt, grass, and mulch. Each of the papers placed on these surfaces was developed using the EDPL before the ESDA(2) and vice versa. The sensitivity test for the ESDA(2) was conducted by processing 10 sheets of stacked paper that were stepped on with the known shoe, beginning with the top sheet. The sensitivity test for the EDPL was conducted by processing 10 sheets of paper stepped on with the known shoe in succession. This study determined the footwear impressions developed using the EDPL were of better comparative value than impressions developed with the ESDA(2). On average, 72.4% of the individual characteristics from the known impression were identified on images developed when the EDPL was used first compared with an average of 38.9% when the ESDA(2) was used first. Therefore, if only one technique is used, the EDPL should be chosen. The sensitivity test determined the ESDA(2) develops high-quality footwear impressions on only the top sheet of paper. No footwear impressions were developed on any sheets under the top sheet of paper. The sensitivity test also determined the EDPL results increase in quality as the amount of dust residue decreases on the surface.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed1987

Identical twin marrow transplantation for 5 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: role of DNA finger-printing to confirm monozygosity in 3 cases.

5 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) have been treated by BMT from identical twin donors. Syngeneity of the twins was established by conventional methods in the first 2 patients. These included the similarity of phenotype, dermatoglyphics and analysis of red cell isoenzymes and blood groups. 2 of the other patients had received multiple blood transfusions prior to referral for BMT thereby invalidating red cell analysis. However genetic identity was confirmed in these patients by the method of DNA 'finger-printing' which demonstrated identical restriction-fragment length polymorphisms. Conclusive proof of syngeneity in twins prior to BMT is important since it obviates the need for T-cell depletion and/or post-graft immunosuppression to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). All 5 patients were conditioned with high-dose chemoradiotherapy prior to BMT and all patients are alive and disease-free at a median follow-up of 12 months. In conclusion, we report a new, reliable method for determining syngeneity of twins which has bearing on the technical approach to BMT.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparative ratings of printed nutrition materials developed by industry and government producers.

The question of the appropriateness of using materials developed by industry in the nation's classrooms has been raised by educators for many years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of supplemental, printed nutrition materials developed by the food industry, food industry associations, and government agencies for the classroom. The quality of the materials was rated by three rater types: (1) classroom teachers; (2) curriculum specialists; and (3) nutrition specialists. Because the ratings were so varied, it was not possible to make a recommendation as to the overall appropriateness of using sponsored materials in the classroom. Some materials were rated very high; others were not so well reviewed. Educators need to review each item for its quality and appropriateness.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1990

The written recall of printed stories by severely deaf children.

The written recall of printed stories by a sample (N = 16) of severely deaf children (mean age 13:3) was compared with that of a slow-reading hearing sample. The deaf children recalled as much, or more, of the story content. In general, however, their recall contained more distortions of the kind that indicates a break-down of the temporal structure of the story. The writing of one story in Sign word order proved to have a facilitatory effect on close recall by the deaf children, but not upon their free recall (as measured by either the amount recalled or the number of distortions), thus clarifying a well-confirmed finding in the literature. The deaf had even more difficulty than the slow-hearing in employing a "top-down", schema-driven strategy at the whole passage level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Microcontact printing for precise control of nerve cell growth in culture.

Microcontact printing, facilitated by silane linker chemistry and high-relief stamps, creates precise patterns of proteins, which in turn control growth of hippocampal neurons in culture. This additive, multi-mask technique permits several different molecules to be patterned on the same substrate. The covalent linker technology permits relatively long-term (two-week) compliance of neurons to the stamped pattern against a polyethylene glycol background. When polylysine was stamped adjacent to a laminin/polylysine mixture, neural somata and dendrites preferred the polylysine while axons prefer the mixture or the border between the two.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A system for quantitatively assessing certain performance parameters of gamma camera systems from reflective print and film transparency final images.

Past efforts at routine evaluation of gamma camera systems performance, using final product images, primarily resulted in qualitative assessments. This paper describes a system for quantitatively determining certain performance parameters of gamma camera systems using paper-backed print and transparent film test images of the same type used for viewing by the nuclear medicine physician. By use of appropriate transmission and line source phantoms, the gamma camera system's spatial resolution, distortion, and flood field uniformity as a function of position in the image field, are determined using a semiautomated image scanning and data reduction system. This system consists of a high-resolution scanning microdensitometer/reflectometer, interfaced to a computer, along with necessary programs to locate bar and line grid intersection points in the image. Also included are algorithms for calculating the various image parameters desired. This system may provide an analytical method for quantitatively assessing certain performance parameters of gamma camera systems, using the final-product images from the cameras.

Densitometry↗
PubMed2006

Heterogeneous three-dimensional electronics by use of printed semiconductor nanomaterials.

We developed a simple approach to combine broad classes of dissimilar materials into heterogeneously integrated electronic systems with two- or three-dimensional layouts. The process begins with the synthesis of different semiconductor nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and single-crystal micro- and nanoscale wires and ribbons of gallium nitride, silicon, and gallium arsenide on separate substrates. Repeated application of an additive, transfer printing process that uses soft stamps with these substrates as donors, followed by device and interconnect formation, yields high-performance heterogeneously integrated electronics that incorporate any combination of semiconductor nanomaterials on rigid or flexible device substrates. This versatile methodology can produce a wide range of unusual electronic systems that would be impossible to achieve with other techniques.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Fabrication of submicrometer features on curved substrates by microcontact printing.

Microcontact printing (mu CP) has been used to produce patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with submicrometer features on curved substrates with radii of curvature as small as 25 micrometers. Wet-chemical etching that uses the patterned SAMs as resists transfers the patterns formed by mu CP into gold. At present, there is no comparable method for microfabrication on curved surfaces.

Chemistry, Physical↗
PubMed1979

Screening for amino acid pool mutants of Neurospora and yeasts: replica-printing technique.

A replica-printing technique has been developed for permeabilized colonies of Neurospora and yeast by which endogenous amino acid pools are visualized. By the use of cation-exchange paper, the method has detected Neurospora mutants unable to store the large pools of basic amino acids characteristic of wild type. Mutants of this sort were sought to study the function of the fungal vacuole.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

"Banned from the streets I have paid to use": an analysis of Australian print media coverage of proposals for passenger and night driving restrictions for young drivers.

OBJECTIVE: To catalogue arguments that can be anticipated in public debate when passenger and night driving restrictions are being advocated. DESIGN AND SETTING: Frame analysis of all relevant coverage of these topics in Australian print media during the three month period between June and September 2004 when intensive debate on the topic occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Debating frames used in reports and commentary on passenger and night driving restrictions. RESULTS: There were 52 relevant articles published containing seven distinct frames supporting the restrictions and six opposing them. Overall, more instances of frames supporting the restrictions were published; these mostly focused on the potential for saving lives. Opposition to the restrictions focused largely on their inappropriateness as a road safety measure as well as on the importance of young people's autonomy and freedom. CONCLUSIONS: Advocates of passenger and night driving restrictions have a number of arguments available to advance their case; however, it is important to anticipate and address possible counter arguments. Future research should address the saliency of different arguments to the public and key decision makers in government.

Accidents, Traffic↗