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PubMed1986

Gastric cancer in Poland--a decreased malignancy due to changing nutritional habits of the population.

The paper deals with the mortality pattern from stomach cancer over the period of last 20 years in Poland. The decrescent nature of gastric cancer was discussed in the light of data regarding the food consumption over several past decades and the results of the case-control study on stomach cancer and diet. In men the mortality rates dropped over 20 years by about 50% in younger and by about 40% in older age groups. Among women the drop in the rates was slightly faster than in men with the exception of age group 40-44 years. When examining the consumption of specific food products per capita over the period of last few decades, one has to note a marked increase in meat and drop in the consumption of cereals, as well as potatoes. The case-control study showed that the high risk of stomach cancer run the people with low level of vegetable and fruit consumption. Analysis performed confirmed the downward trend in stomach cancer rates in Poland over the last 20 years and explains the pattern observed by the marked changes in the nutritional habits of the population at large.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Occupational diseases in Poland in 1978].

The authors analyse all occupational disease cases found in Poland in 1978. Individual occupational diseases certificates sent to the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lódź by provincial sanitary-epidemiological stations are information sources. The collected material makes us draw the following concusions: 1. Occupational diseases incidence in Poland in 1978 got increased by 8.7%, compared to 1977. This increase is mainly related to occupational hearing impairment, infectious diseases, diseases of skin and mucous membranes. 2. Occupational intoxications prevalence was decreased. In 1978 the case rate in this group of diseases was lowered by 24%. 3. Among occupational diseases the following were most frequent: hearing impairments, infectious and invasive diseases, conioses, diseases of skin and mucous membranes, vibration disease and poisonings. 4. Most occupational diseases cases in 1978 resulted from many-years occupational exposure to hazardous agents.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Science in Poland. The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology.

The Nencki Institute in Warsaw was founded in 1918 to honor one of Poland's most distinguished biochemists, Marceli Nencki. Since its inception, the institute has evolved from a confederation of privately supported laboratories to a center of research productivity intimately associated with the Polish Academy of Sciences. Early relations with Pavlov's laboratory laid the foundation for the emergence of a Polish School of Neurophysiology under the leadership of Jersy Konorski. The impact of Konorski and his colleagues has transformed the interpretation of conditioning to include a systematic physiologic basis that more adequately considers the psychology of learning processes. The prestige of the Nencki Institute within contemporary Eastern European and Soviet science was achieved despite the economic pressures on a new nation and its total devastation of World War II. Moreover, the more than 60 years of scientific work in an independent Poland have provided a critical transition between Eastern and Western research efforts, and the Nencki Institute has filled a leading role in facilitating communication among scientists.

Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems of the elderly in "post-strike Poland" at the time of 1980-1981 concluded agreements].

Based on the official agreements concluded between government committees and strikers' committees in Poland in the 2nd half of 1980 and on the declaration of the "Congress of Pensioners" of the ISTU Solidarity, problems of old persons in after-strike agreements concluded in Poland in the 1980/81 period are investigated. In the agreements concluded in the third quarter of 1980 (Szczecin, Gdańsk, Lipcowy, Katowice) only basic demands for rising the lowest pensions up to the level of a social minimum (while the problem of adjusting these pensions to the rising living-costs is generally neglected), and tendencies of shortening the life-working-time can be found. Much more differentiated and adapted to single interests of the striking farmers is the agreement concluded in February 1981. The declaration of the congress of pensioners of the ISTU Solidarity is mostly differentiated and engaged in essential problems of old people. But its disadvantage is that neither the government nor even the trade-union leaders are bound to it.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiology of occupational noise-induced hearing loss in Poland throughout 1971--1979.

In Poland a uniform system for registering occupational diseases is mandatory. Special individual statistical cards of diagnosed cases are delivered from all over the country to the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodź, where the incidence of diseases is analysed using electronic data processing system; such procedure is aimed, among others, at specification of prophylactic needs. Due to this, epidemiological studies could be carried out of the prevalence of occupational noise -- induced hearing loss in the total national economy throughout 1971--1979. Of the 35 mln Polish population, approx. 5 mln. 240 thous. persons are employed in industry, in this about 600 000 workers exposed to noise levels posing a risk of the hearing impairment of (Leq greater than or equal to 90 dB-A). It was found that occupational noise -- induced hearing loss was most frequent among all occupational diseases and its incidence rate exceeded 16 new cases annually per 100 000 employees. The highest incidence rate concerned transport means industry, coal mining and textile industry. The data analysis, by age and exposure duration, showed that the disease mostly affects those aged 40 -- 49 and 50 -- 59, as well as those exposed to excessive noise levels for over 20 years. In addition, the distribution of occupational noise -- induced hearing loss in specific areas throughout the country, considering the degree of industrialization, was analysed. The highest incidence rate was found in the Southern and Western areas of Poland. The above information seems to be essential for setting up more efficient hearing conservation program in industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of the occurrence of intestinal parasites among children in first grade in elementary school in Poland in the school year 1992/3].

In 1992/93 there were reexamined in Poland 10% of the population of children aged 7 years for the presence of intestinal parasites, continuing country-wide operation launched in 1988. The examination included 60,288 children, 38,003 inhabiting towns and 22,285 from the country. Among the examined in each voivodeship the numbers of children from towns and country were proportional to the actual number of children living in the two localities. The methods included examination of direct faecal smear in 0.85% NaCl and in Lugol's iodine, zinc sulphate flotation, decantation and cellophane swabs according to NIH. The parasites encountered in order of decreasing frequency comprised: E. vermicularis, G. intestinalis, Entamoeba coli, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. The highest number of infected children was found in the Biała Podlaska district. The number of infected among children inhabiting country was significantly higher than among those from the towns. The obtained results have confirmed hitherto existing views that in Poland the epidemiological situation of infections with intestinal parasites is steadily improving.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Stomatologic care requirement for 12-year old children in Poland].

The aim of this paper was to estimate the dentition status, periodontium and the occurrence of malocclusions, as well as to define the therapeutic requirements in this respect in 1380 children, aged 12 years, in Poland having been selected for studies by randomization. The children inhabited large and small towns as well as villages in 9 regions of Poland. The procedural method was based upon the rules of studies provided by World Health Organization, namely: "Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods of 1986." The rate of caries among 12-year-old children oscillated within the range of 90%, while the intensity of caries expressed by mean number of DMF claimed 4.37. The studied children had on the average each 2.7 teeth with active caries, 1.6 teeth filled, and 0.14 tooth removed due to caries. The index of treatment [equation: see text] was merely 0.36. Among the tested population 70.5% of children required filling of defects, 8.9% endodontic treatment and 11.4% extraction of teeth. Hardly 25.4% of 12-year-old children had healthy periodontium, but as many as 35.4% had dental calculi. Hence, improvement of the oral cavity hygiene was needed in 74.6% of children, therein 35.4% removal of tartar deposits. 37.2% of 12-year-old children were diagnosed to have malocclusions, 13.3% of them showed serious maxillo-occlusal abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The first isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae) ticks in Poland.

Among ticks Ixodes ricinus collected in April 1994 in the forest near Fraknowo (Olsztyn province, N. C. Poland), 17 ticks were evaluated for Borrelia infection by cultivating in the BSK-H medium (Sigma). The ticks were examined in five pools--four of 3 females and one pool of 5 nymphs. Spirochaetes were cultured successfully only from one pool of females and identified as Borrelia burgdorferi with monoclonal antibodies: H 9724, H 5332, H 3TS and 11 G 1 by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). This is the first reported isolate of B. burgdorferi from Ixodes ricinus in Poland.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Borrelia burgdorferi infection of ticks in some regions of Poland].

Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected by flagging from the vegetation at five different locations in Poland in May 1994. I. ricinus (n191) and D. reticulatus (n48), as well as 24 Argas reflexus collected from Katowice, Kornie, Szcyglice, Urwitałt and Zwierzyniec, were examined for the presence of Borrelia spirochetes by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA). Borrelia were found in adult I. ricinus ticks at all 5 collection sites. Nine out of 39 I. ricinus males (23%) and 16 out of 72 I. ricinus females (22.2%) were infected. In addition, 2 out of 72 I. ricinus larvae (2.7%) were heavily infected, whereas none of the D. reticulatus and A. reflexus contained Borrelia. These results show that I. ricinus is also in Poland the main vector of Lyme disease-causing spirochetes. The finding that some larvae are also infected merits further investigations into the relative role of transovarial transmission of Borrelia in field populations of I. ricinus ticks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment in Poland's syndrome in children].

An experience with treatment of 16 patients with the Poland syndrome has been analyzed, 12 of them had been operated upon. An interpretation of the disease as a defect and deformity is proposed. The clinical picture of the variants of the Poland syndrome is describes. The authors give a description of the preoperative preparation, postoperative management and a technique of the operative liquidation of all the symptoms of the defect. There were no lethal outcomes. An analysis of long-term results is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Echinococcus multilocularis (Cestoda), the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis in humans: first record in Poland.

Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, was found for the first time in Poland in 2 of 20 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), originating from the area of Gdansk (northern Poland). This finding supports the hypothesis that the endemic area of this parasite in central Europe (Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, and Austria) is not an isolated focus as previously anticipated but is connected with the large endemic zone in Russia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Industrialization and environmental health in Poland.

There has been enormous pollution and biodegradation of environment in Poland as the consequence of industrialization developed regardless the principles of sustainable development. In the recent years, the decrease of total emission of air pollution caused by gases and dust, the decrease of emission of unprocessed sewage and industrial waste can be seen. These facts are the consequences of economic recession which have appeared in Poland along with economic transformation. However, there is still significant escalation of environmental pollution, in so-called areas of ecological hazards. There are heavily industrialized and urbanized areas covering about 10% of the total country area but inhabited by over 30% of the total country population. The significant environmental pollution goes together with deterioration of the country's health situation what can be seen in shortening the average lifetime expectancy, increased frequency of cardiovascular diseases and cancers and higher infants death rate in comparison to other European countries. Considering the complexity of the factors affecting the population's health status, the basis of the health and environmental policy conceived in order to stop and alter the unwanted health condition tendencies and the environmental quality have been shown here.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1994

Differentiation of Aujeszky's disease virus strains isolated in Poland using DNA biotinylated probes.

The aim of this study was to compare 17 different Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) isolates from clinical outbreaks of AD by using DNA biotinylated probes. All isolates were collected in Poland between 1984 and 1991. The restriction fragment pattern (RFP) analysis done by hybridization to NIA-3 DNA biotinylated probe indicated that all Polish ADV field strains can be classified as type I of Suid herpesvirus 1. Hybridization with BamHI fragment 7 and gI gene biotinylated probes revealed an unusual heterogeneity of BamHI fragment 7 in almost 50% of strains isolated in Poland. The nature of the molecular changes in this fragment will be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A boy with neurofibromatosis 1 and Poland anomaly.

Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) is one of the most common autosomal dominant disorders and has one of the highest mutation rates of a single human locus. The NF1 gene has recently been mapped to proximal 17q. Poland anomaly consists of the combination of unilateral aplasia of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle and an ipsilateral anomaly of the hand. Although other defects may occur in patients with Poland anomaly, neurofibromatosis 1 has not been reported. We have seen a boy with these two disorders.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

[Salmonelloses of animal sources in Poland: 1969-1992].

Unfavourable epidemiological situation of foodborne and waterborne diseases in Poland from early 80's is strictly connected with outbreaks of salmonelloses of animal sources. This paper describes the above situation and also treats the matter of registration of this illnesses in Poland.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Classification of mines in Poland by group radiation exposure of miners].

The computer data base on individual occupational exposure to ionizing radiation among miners (established at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz) was used to classify all Polish non-uranium mines (coal, copper, lead-zinc and chemical raw material mines) according to values of the so-called group radiation exposure (in man-sivert units). In total 72 coal mines, 13 chemical raw material mines and 10 metal ore mines employing 246,580, 3,080, 17,820 miners, respectively, were assessed. The analysis of individual annual miners exposures indicated the highest exposure to ionizing radiation in this group of workers in comparison with other occupational groups in Poland. An equivalent occupational group dose in Poland amounts to 1,480 man-siverts. Out of this dose 96.4% is received by miners, 2.5% by X-ray workers, 0.7% by workers of isotope laboratories and 0.1% by physiotherapeutists working in health resorts.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1993

Present principles of workers' health care organization in Poland and directions of future changes.

The present-day legal regulations on workers' health care are far from satisfactory. The work on the modification of the occupational health service has been carried out for the last two years although the preparatory activities started much earlier. In May 1991, under the initiative of the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz, the bill on the Labor Code has been amended so that it would regulate the employer's responsibilities with respect to providing health care for workers and to participating in respective costs. These activities have overrun the more general ones pertaining to the reform of the national health service in Poland. Under conditions of the growing free market economy the previously operated organizational system of health care for workers has become out-of-date and needs immediate modification to adjust it to the new economic situation. Evidently, the trends and rate of the policy in this respect have been considerably influenced by the more general activities to make Poland associated with the European Community and hence to develop an occupational health care system which would take into consideration the principles of the Charter of Social Rights of the EEC as well as of the ILO Conventions.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of iodine concentration in potable water and selected food specimens from moderate endemic goiter area in Poland.

Simple and specific methods for iodide determination in potable water and total iodine in selected food products by means of energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) has been worked out. The methods were applied for the determination of iodine in 83 samples of water from different water intakes in the region of Southern Poland. In over 70 per cent of analysed samples the iodide concentration was below 3 micrograms/dm3. Iodine was also determined in several egg yolks, which were freeze dried before measurements. The eggs were taken from small village farms. The iodine content in particular yolks was between 4 micrograms to 20 micrograms. Only few samples of natural milk were analysed. Iodine concentration in lyophilized milk was at detectability limit i.e. about 0.5 microgram/g lyophilized milk. The region of South-Eastern Poland is characterized by low concentration of iodine in potable water and food.

Food Analysis↗