Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PEPTONES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Chemicals bathing the oxyntic gland area stimulate acid secretion in dog.

Release of gastrin is the only recognized mechanism by which chemicals in the stomach stimulate acid secretion. We report here that dietary components coming in contact only with oxyntic gland mucosa stimulate near maximal acid secretion through a local, H-sensitive mechanism that does not involve gastrin. In 4 dogs with gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch (HP), 10% liver extract, 10% peptone, 0.4 M glycine, or Tris buffer, as control, was instilled into the HP in volumes of 40, 80, or 160 ml every 30 min. Instilled solutions were adjusted to pH 8.0 and HP acid secretion was measured by titrating a sample of the fluid recovered from the HP back to pH 8.0 with 0.2 M NaOH. Instillation of liver extract into the HP stimulated acid secretion from the HP but caused no change in serum gastrin and no change in acid secretion from the gastric fistula. The maximal response to liver extract occurred with the largest volume instilled and was 80% of the maximal response to histamine and 188% of the maximal response to pentagastrin. Expressed as per cent of maximal response to histamine, the maximal response to Tris buffer was 8%, to peptone 44%, and to glycine 14%. Intact bovine serum albumin gave no response, but after digestion by pepsin it stimulated acid secretion moderately. At pH 2.0, liver extract caused no stimulation of acid secretion. The pH threshold was about 2.5, and at pH 4.5 acid secretion was 55% of the response at pH 8.0. The response to liver extract at pH 8.0 was only minimally decreased by topical lidocaine or by intravenous atropine or metiamide. Since atropine and metiamide almost totally abolish the acid response to food in the main stomach, but do not inhibit secretion of acid evoked by instilling liver extract into the HP, there is reason to doubt whether this new mechanism operates under physiological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Disinfection with gaseous formaldehyde. Fifth Part: Influence of albumin, mucin and blood on the bactericidal and sporicidal effectiveness.

The influence of 0.1% peptone, 0.2% albumin, 1% mucin solutions and whole human blood on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger DSM 675 was determined. The bactericidal and sporicidal effectiveness of 0.75, 1.5 and 3.2 mg HCHO l-1 air at temperatures of 35, 40, 45 degrees C and a relative humidity (RH) of 90% decreased in the following order of loading substances: peptone, albumin, mucin and blood. The calculated D-values of the microorganisms suspended and dried in 0.1% petone and in 0.2% albumin after exposure to 3.2 mg HCHO l-1 air at 40 degrees C and a relative humidity of approximately 90% were in both suspensions 1.9 min for S. aureus and 6.1 and 7.3 min respectively for B. subtilis spores. Under the same exposure conditions but with an addition of 1% mucin D-values of 2.5 min and 7.7 min for S. aureus and B. subtilis spores respectively were found. In the presence of blood, D-values of 12.3 and 18.3 min were obtained under the same conditions for S. aureus and B. subtilis spores respectively. Thus the suspension in blood caused a 2-fold increase in D-value compared to the other substances. The nature of the anticoagulant in the whole blood did not cause much difference in the inactivation of B.subtilis spores. Decreasing concentrations of blood caused an increase in sensitivity of B.subtilis spores to gaseous formaldehyde, whereby diluting blood 1:6 reduced the D-value from 23.9 min to only 7.1 min.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

Utilization of L-cystine as a source of carbon and nitrogen by various fungi.

Thirty fungal species from various taxonomic and ecologic groups were cultivated on two glucose-peptone media enriched with cystine (3 mmol/l). Nineteen species showed certain ability to utilize cystine not only as a source of sulfur but that of carbon and nitrogen as well; six species utilized cystine completely. Excess sulfur was excreted after oxidation in the form of inorganic sulfate and/or sulfite back into the medium. Cystine metabolization was on average more rapid and complete on the medium with higher peptone content and better growth. When compared with keratinolytic fungi studied previously, the present set of fungi showed a lower tendency to cystine utilization and comprised species not utilizing this amino acid at all.

Carbon↗
PubMed1989

[Study of amino acid utilization by isogenic strains of Escherichia coli in relation to the culture growth and biosynthesis of penicillin amidase].

Dynamics of free amino acid utilization by isogenic strains of Escherichia coli differing in intensity of their growth and levels of penicillin acylase biosynthesis in media containing corn steep liquor or peptone was studied. It was shown that in both the media some amino acids such as serine, threonine, glutaminic and asparaginic acids were actively utilized by the strains mainly during the culture intensive growth while others such as glycine, alanine and tyrosine were actively utilized during the enzyme biosynthesis. Intensively utilized arginine and proline were probably used for the growth and biosynthesis. The other amino acids were not utilized completely from the media. The lowest levels of their utilization were observed when the strains were cultivated in the medium with peptone.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of protective mechanisms against infection by Serratia marcescens.

The present paper is concerned with an experimental study of effects of some agents on parameters pertinent to host resistance to infection of Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) which was isolated from a patient. The results obtained are the following: In the control mice injected intravenously with S. marcescens, most of the bacteria were trapped in the liver, spleen and lung, the so-called reticuloendothelial system (RES), and the number of bacteria decreased gradually with time. In the kidney, the bacterial count did not decrease because of the existence of few macrophages in this organ. In the animals treated with X-irradiation and cyclophosphamide, the mortality rate increased, and the number of S. marcescens in the organs increased significantly with time. These observations were irreversible in the X-irradiated group, but were reversible in the cyclophosphamide-treated group, depending on the challenge dose. In the mice treated with carrageenan, which functions as a macrophage blocker, the mortality rate did not increase significantly, but there was a delay before the bacteria were eliminated from the liver indicating that the bacteria were not killed in the early phase. After intraperitoneal administration of proteose peptone, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages accumulated in the peritoneal cavity on the 1st day and 4th day. When S. marcescens was injected intraperitoneally to these 2 groups. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) did not increase significantly in each group. After intraperitoneal inoculation of S. marcescens in a dose equal to 1.5 LD50 in normal mice, the elimination of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity was very rapid in the mice pretreated with proteose peptone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of gastrin secretion in vitro by intraluminal chemicals: regulation by intramural cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons.

The regulation of gastrin and somatostatin secretion by intraluminal chemicals was examined in an isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach, a preparation that maintains the integrity of intramural neural pathways and the polarity of stimulation. Intraluminal perfusion with alkaline solutions (0.1 M NaHCO3) increased gastrin secretion, whereas perfusion with acid solutions (pH 3.5-3.0) inhibited gastrin secretion. Perfusion with 0.5% or 5% peptone solutions stimulated gastrin secretion and inhibited somatostatin secretion. Both these responses were abolished by addition of the axonal blocker, tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), to the vascular perfusate, from which it was concluded that gastrin and somatostatin responses induced by peptone were mediated by intramural neurons. These neurons were both cholinergic and noncholinergic, because addition of an optimal dose of atropine (10(-7) M) to the vascular perfusate inhibited only partially the gastrin response and converted the somatostatin response from decrease below basal levels--a typical cholinergic effect--to significant increase above basal levels. As shown previously, atropine had an identical effect on gastrin and somatostatin responses to transmural electrical stimulation of the antral region. The results are in accord with a model for the regulation of gastrin secretion by intramural cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons. A direct effect of intraluminal chemicals on gastrin and somatostatin cells was not detected in this study, but is not precluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The role of the duodenum in the regulation of the lower esophagus sphincter].

Instillation of a 20% peptone solution into the isolated duodenum causes a significant increase of LES-pressure in the dog. No comparable increase of LES-pressure after instillation of a 0.9% saline solution into the duodenum or of 20% peptone solution into the stomach is observed. As shown in this investigation, it is possible that the duodenum regulates the LES-pressure in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Evidence for the secretion of gastrin into the duodenal lumen of man].

In six healthy male subjects the duodenum was perfused with phosphate buffer and peptone respectively via a double balloon tube. During peptone perfusion secretion of gastrin into the duodenal lumen and serum gastrin rose simultaneously and significantly compared with buffer control. There was a significant but delayed increase of gastric acid secretion. 60 % of the gastrinlike immunoreactivity in duodenal perfusates corresponded to gastrin 1-34 and 40 % to gastrin 1-17 when separated by starch gel electrophoresis and gel filtration.

Duodenum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of Bacillus intermedius cultivation conditions to increase biosynthesis of alkaline extracellular RNAase].

The effect of changes in the concentrations of peptone and glucose in the growth medium, the level of aeration and the original pH value on the biosynthesis of RNAase by Bacillus intermedius 7P was studied by means of a multifactor experiment. The optimal medium for the enzyme accumulation contains from 1.2 to 1.4% of glucose and from 2.8 to 3.1% of peptone, and is characterized by the original pH value of 8.45 to 8.7 and the aeration level of 1 : 7.5. The original pH value of the medium that is optimal for the enzyme biosynthesis is not optimal for the cultural growth. Under the optimized conditions of cultivation, the RNAase activity of Bac. intermedius 7P increases by 50 to 60%.

Bacillus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Free proteolytic activity from Serratia marcescens. II. Kinetics of production and mechanism of induction].

This paper shows that Serratia marcescens WF yields free proteolytic activity partially associated to growth, i.e. when the maximal rate of growth is reached, when it was growing in a saline medium supplemented with casein peptone. When the culture medium was utilized for a second time after it was used up (exhausted medium), growth and yield of free proteolytic activity showed the same partial association. With a protein medium containing peptides from 1000 to 5000 of molecular weight, from casein peptone, growth and yield of free proteolytic activity were partially associated too. In this paper, we demonstrated that Serratia marcescens WF yields free proteolytic activity only when growth rate is decelerating and under no growth conditions. We also demonstrated than the inducer structure acts gratuitously, because it cannot be used like a carbon and/or energy source. The structural form of the true inducer remains to be established. Finally, we propose that when growth rate is decelerating, or under no growth conditions, Serratia marcescens WF yields free proteolytic activity to obtain nitrogen from protein sources, apparently as the only function.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1975

Extracellular deoxyribonuclease activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) media containing Nissan's heart extract or chicken heart extract could produce extracellular deoxyribonuclease, while on other DNA media with heart extracts from cow, pig and mouse could not. Variation in the kind of peptones in the DNA media did not make significant difference in this activity, although some peptones caused cloudiness of the media. P. aeruginosa did not need cation activators of chloride compounds to produce extracellular deoxyribonuclease. On the modified Eiken's DNA medium, gram negative bacilli other than P. aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, i.e. Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli and Alcaligenes did not produce deoxyribonuclease. The production of extracellular deoxyribonuclease activity on the modified Eiken's DNA medium can be used as a supporting test for biochemical identification of P. aeruginosa.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1997

High-glutathione containing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: optimization of production.

Experimental design procedure was used to search for optimal medium composition for maximization of glutathione yield using a high-glutathione containing yeast S. cerevisiae S-8H. The effects of the chosen factors (glucose, peptone, KN2PO4, biotin and cysteine) on the relationship between yeast biomass formation and the content of intracellular glutathione were examined. Results obtained showed that glucose and peptone had significant first- and second-order effects, as well as different interactive effects on these overall parameters. On the other hand, cysteine showed only second-order effect for glutathione content and interactive effects for both glutathione content and yield. Its presence had a marked positive effect on the content of glutathione, but reduced the biomass formation. The optimal levels of these factors found were in the range of 2.5%, 4%, 0.027%, 10 micrograms/cm3 and 0.08%, respectively. The average yield obtained at this optimium was 160.1 mg glutathione/dm3 and a glutathione content of 17 mg/g dry biomass.

Biomass↗
PubMed1979

[A contribution to the stabilisation of the MVA-vaccine (author's transl)].

The titre of the MVA-vaccine remains constant at -20 degrees C with human serum albumin, sorbitol, Haemaccel, Rheomacrodex and cysteine within 8 month. At -20 degrees C the stability of the MVA-virus is equivalent to the Vaccinia-virus, stabilized by peptone and sorbitol. Storing the MVA-Virus at +4 degrees C, +20 degrees C for 8 month or at 27 degrees C for 4 weeks, 1% human serum albumin and 5% sorbitol preserves the virustitre best, but the stability of Vaccinia-virus with 5% peptone and 5% sorbitol can, however, not be obtained by the MVA-virus under these conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Utilization of renewables for lactic acid fermentation.

Originally, lactic acid was produced from pure substrates like glucose. Increasingly, however, agricultural feedstocks such as grains and green biomass are also being used as raw materials for the biotechnological production of lactic acid. A high-productivity lactic acid bacterium strain was selected, process parameters were optimized for the batch fermentation on a laboratory scale, and its performance at cultivation on a barley hydrolysate medium together with different supplements was examined. The present results for the cultivation of the Lactobacillus paracasei on complex nutrient broth are in the same range as those for another strain of the same species with pure glucose, de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium (MRS) minerals, peptone and yeast extract. Under these conditions, this strain was able to accumulate more than 100 g lactate/L in the MRS medium. Medium optimization experiments showed that the main part of the nitrogen-containing nutrients in the medium (peptone, yeast extract) can be replaced by protein extracts from green biomass (lucerne green juice). The green juice after pressing fresh biomass contains a series of nitrogen-containing compounds and inorganic salts, which are essential for cell growth. Thus, on laboratory scale, we have demonstrated that it is possible to substitute synthetic nutrients by renewable resources like cereals and green biomass without any loss of productivity. This high biomass concentration together with the number of living cells could increase the productivity to higher levels compared to the well-adapted synthetic nutrients of MRS.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

A dual-substrate steady-state model for biological hydrogen production in an anaerobic hydrogen fermentation process.

Biological hydrogen production from anaerobic waste fermentation possesses potential benefits in simultaneously reducing organic wastes and generating sustainable energy sources. Three kinetic-based steady-state models for anaerobic fermentation of multiple substrates, including glucose and peptone, were evaluated. Experimental results obtained from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were primarily used for model evaluation. The dual-substrate steady-state model developed and the associated kinetic parameters estimated in this study successfully described the anaerobic growth of hydrogen-producing bacteria. The model was able to capture the general trends of consumption of substrates and accumulation of products, including formate, acetate, butyrate, and hydrogen, at dilution rates (D) between 0.06 and 0.69/h. According to the model, the adverse effects of endogeneous and peptone metabolism on net hydrogen production can be minimized by increasing D. For the operational conditions of D > 0.69/h, however, substantial washout of hydrogen-producing bacteria from the CSTR was observed, and it resulted in a rapid drop in hydrogen production rate as well.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1986

Studies of macrophage function in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. 3. The nature, anatomical location, and reversibility of the phagocytic defect.

The defect in phagocytosis and binding of antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (EA) by peritoneal macrophages of (NZB X NZW)F1 or B/W mice is not intrinsic, but is related to the development of the autoimmune disease process. The defect appears to be confined to peritoneal macrophages, since bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages have normal to elevated activities in vitro. The peritoneal macrophage defect is not due to blockade of Fc receptors in vivo, as shown by long-term culture or recovery of phagocytic and binding activities after removal of Fc receptors by pronase, but represents a reduced number of receptors with slightly delayed turnover. The defect can be reversed by elicitation of activated macrophages with Corynebacterium parvum, thioglycollate, or proteose peptone in vivo. Normal Fc-mediated phagocytosis and binding by BM-derived macrophages cultured from untreated autoimmune mice is enhanced by pretreatment of mice with C. parvum, thioglycollate, or proteose peptone. The cause of the defect in Fc-mediated phagocytosis by resident peritoneal macrophages of autoimmune mice was not ascertained; it may be due to abnormal macrophage kinetics or to the local effects of lymphokines released as a result of other autoimmune changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Procoagulant synthesis by exudate and bone marrow-derived murine macrophages.

Murine exudate macrophages elicited by different stimuli and bone marrow-derived macrophages were studied for their capacity to synthesize factor VII and tissue factor in a basal state and on stimulation with endotoxin (LPS). Cells elicited by different stimuli varied in their production of both factors. Thioglycollate-elicited cells generally made more, but not significantly more, tissue factor in response to endotoxin than cells elicited with periodate or streptococci. Cells elicited with proteose-peptone, fetal calf serum (FCS), or LPS produced less or very little tissue factor. Thioglycollate-elicited cells and cells elicited with streptococci or proteose-peptone consistently made more factor VII than cells elicited with periodate, FCS, and LPS. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were responsive to LPS by the production of tissue factor by the fifth day of culture, and this rose to a maximum by day 10. The maximal production of factor VII occurred on day 5 of culture and declined with longer cultivation. Factor VII production was not enhanced by LPS, and prolonged cultivation in the presence of LPS turned off the synthesis of both tissue factor and factor VII. We conclude that exudate cells are heterogeneous in the production of coagulant factors and that the production of these factors varies with the maturity of the cells. In addition, the production of the tissue factor and the factor VII were not necessarily expressed in a coordinate fashion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Suppression of late phase enhanced vascular permeability in rats by selective depletion of neutrophils with a monoclonal antibody.

We investigated the role of neutrophils in increased vascular permeability by a selective reduction of neutrophils using a monoclonal antibody, RP-3. An intraperitoneal injection of RP-3 not only selectively depleted peripheral blood neutrophils, but prevented the neutrophil infiltration to the tissues. Proteose peptone, zymosan, and BCG induced three different types of inflammatory edema, showing the early phase only, early plus late phase, and the late phase only, respectively. Only the late phase response of zymosan and BCG was inhibited by a depletion of neutrophils by RP-3, though the early phase response induced by proteose peptone and zymosan was not affected. Reconstitution of neutrophil-depleted rats by in situ injection of these cells restored the inflammatory edema induced by BCG, depending upon the number of neutrophils injected.

Animals↗