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PubMed1980

Premonition of death in painting.

3 cases of subconscious premonition of death are presented. In these cases premonition found access to surface by means of painting. One may explain that phenomenon on grounds of determination. But an attempt for explanation by definition of a psychological and/or physiological pre-setting is done. If that pre-setting is not realized by an accidental death, it may be fulfilled by suicide, somatic complaint as a manifestation of masked depression or by overt depression. Flashes of the subconscious pre-setting may reach consciousness in dreams or in paintings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Biological dosimetry by interphase chromosome painting.

Both fluorescence in situ hybridization of metaphase spreads with whole-chromosome probes and premature chromosome condensation in interphase nuclei have been used in the past to estimate the radiation dose to lymphocytes. We combined these techniques to evaluate the feasibility of using painted interphase chromosomes for biodosimetry. Human peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to gamma rays and fused to mitotic Chinese hamster cells either immediately after irradiation or after 8 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Interphase or metaphase human chromosomes were hybridized with a composite probe specific for human chromosomes 3 and 4. The dose-response curve for fragment induction immediately after irradiation was linear; these results reflected breakage frequency in the total genome in terms of DNA content per chromosome. At 8 h after irradiation, the dose-response curve for chromosome interchanges, the prevalent aberration in interphase chromosomes, was linear-quadratic and similar to that observed for metaphase chromosomes. These results suggest that painting prematurely condensed chromosomes can be useful for biological dosimetry when blood samples are available shortly after the exposure, or when interphase cells are to be scored instead of mitotic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The perspective on chromosomal painting (FISH)].

With the recent advances in molecular biology, many sophisticated technologies have been developed. The technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is one of them, and is being widely used not only in research fields of molecular biology but also for diagnosis in clinical laboratories. In this mini review, I outline the representative techniques of FISH and its application to laboratory medicine such as diagnosis of genitic and neoplastic diseases. Standard FISH consists of two according to DNA probes used, namely whole chromosome painting and centromere staining. Standard FISH is very useful for analysis of genetic abnormalities. Whole chromosomal painting covering the whole chromosome facilitates the rapid analysis of chromosome structural abnormalities, and centromere staining using alphoid DNA probes allows rapid analysis of chromosome numerical aberrations. Comparative genomic hybridization which has been recently developed is a very attractive method to detect amplification and deletion of chromosomes and genes in malignant tumors, and now is considered a powerful strategy for search of new genes implicated in the development and progression of neoplasm.

Chromosomes, Human↗
PubMed1996

[Study of chromosome painting for one rare carrier with complex translocation].

This paper reports that one rare male carrier with complex translocation, being married for eight years, made his wife consecutive seven times abortions, stillbirth and teratogenesis of early death. Using human chromosome 7 and 8-specific probe pools constructed with the technique of chromosome microdissection and PCR, we carried out chromosome painting research of the patients, and identified the karyotype was: 46, XY, -7, -8, -9, +der (7)t(7; 9) (q2200; p24), +der(8)inv ins(8; 7) (q2100; q31.2q2200), +der (9)t(9; 7) (p24; q31.2).ish der(7)t(7; 9) (wcp7+), der(8)inv ins(8; 7)(wcp7+, wcp8+), der(9)t(9; 7) (wcp7+). The technique of chromosome painting provided us an effective technique of molecular cytogenetics for the study of chromosomal abnormalities. The formation mechanism of the complex translocation of the carrier is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Neurological and neurophysiological examinations of workers occupationally exposed to organic solvent mixtures used in the paint and varnish production.

The aim of this work was to examine the nervous system of workers chronically exposed to mixtures of organic solvent at concentrations within or slightly exceeding the MAC values, used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers. The tests were performed on a group of 175 people, 107 men aged 22-59 (x = 41.25), and 68 women aged 20-55 (x = 38.62). The period of employment was x = 17.34 years and cumulative dose index 16.97 for males; for females, the corresponding values were x = 14.75 and x = 11.42, respectively. The control group included 175 people (107 men and 68 women) not exposed to chemicals matched according to sex, age, and work shift distribution. The neurological examinations included subjective and objective examinations of the nervous system, electroencephalographic (EEG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) evaluations. The assessment of organic solvent exposure was performed according to the method described in PN89/Z-04008/07, and the solvent mixtures were shown to contain xylenes, ethyltoluenes, trimethylbenzenes, propylbenzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, aliphatic hydrocarbons and the components of painter's naphtha. The most frequent complaints among the exposed males included headache, vertigo, concentration difficulties, sleep disorders, sleepiness during the day, increased emotional irritability, mood swings with a tendency to anxiety. The objective neurological examinations did not reveal organic lesions in the central or peripheral nervous systems. Generalised and paroxysmal changes were most common recordings in the abnormal EEG. VEP examinations revealed abnormalities, primarily in the latency of the response evoked. The results of this study suggest that exposures to concentrations within MAC values, or below 1.5 of the MAC values of organic solvents mixtures used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers produce subclinical health effect in the nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Biodosimetry of ionizing radiation by selective painting of prematurely condensed chromosomes in human lymphocytes.

Painting of interphase chromosomes can be useful for biodosimetric purposes in particular cases such as radiation therapy, accidental exposure to very high radiation doses and exposure to densely ionizing radiation, for example during space missions. Biodosimetry of charged-particle radiation is analyzed in the present paper. Target cells were human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with gamma rays, protons and iron ions. After exposure, lymphocytes were incubated for different times to allow repair of radiation-induced damage and then fused to mitotic hamster cells to promote premature condensation in the interphase chromosomes. Chromosome spreads were then hybridized with whole-chromosome DNA probes labeled with fluorescent stains. Dose-response curves for the induction of chromatin fragments shortly after exposure, as well as the kinetics of rejoining and misrejoining, were not markedly dependent on linear energy transfer. However, after exposure to heavy ions, more aberrations were scored in the interphase cells after incubation for repair than in metaphase samples harvested at the first postirradiation mitosis. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in the two samples after exposure to sparsely ionizing radiation. These results suggest that interphase chromosome painting can be a useful tool for biodosimetry of particle radiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Regional gene mapping using mixed radiation hybrids and reverse chromosome painting.

We describe a new approach for low-resolution physical mapping using pooled DNA probe from mixed (non-clonal) populations of human-CHO cell hybrids and reverse chromosome painting. This mapping method is based on a process in which the human chromosome fragments bearing a complementing gene were selectively retained in a large non-clonal population of CHO-human hybrid cells during a series of 12- to 15-Gy gamma irradiations each followed by continuous growth selection. The location of the gene could then be identified by reverse chromosome painting on normal human metaphase spreads using biotinylated DNA from this population of "enriched" hybrid cells. We tested the validity of this method by correctly mapping the complementing human HPRT gene, whose location is well established. We then demonstrated the method's usefulness by mapping the chromosome location of a human gene which complemented the defect responsible for the hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in CHO irs-20 cells. This method represents an efficient alternative to conventional concordance analysis in somatic cell hybrids where detailed chromosome analysis of numerous hybrid clones is necessary. Using this approach, it is possible to localize a gene for which there is no prior sequence or linkage information to a subchromosomal region, thus facilitating association with known mapping landmarks (e.g. RFLP, YAC or STS contigs) for higher-resolution mapping.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Application of chromosome painting to analysis of structural aberration in five cases].

OBJECTIVE: This article reports that competitive hybridization using entire chromosome specific libraries as probe and human genomic DNA as the competitor allows intense and specific fluorescent staining of human chromosome in metaphase. This general approach is called "chromosome painting". METHODS: The probes comprising chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, X specific libraries were used to analyse five cases which had been suspected of subtle translocation and deletion in karyotype analysis by G-banding of metaphase cells. The authors selected entire chromosome-specific DNA libraries hybridizing with the five cases. Unlabeled human genomic DNA was used to inhibit the hybridization of sequences in the library that bind to multiple chromosome. RESULTS: The target chromosome was made at least 20 times brighter parunit length than the others. Translocations and deletions were detected clearly in metaphase and were consistent with G-banding. However, the result was clearer and the detection easier, compared with G-banding. CONCLUSION: Chromosome painting is very powerful for identification of chromosome structural aberrations. Translocation and deletion involving these chromosomes can be strikingly visualized. The hybridization intensity and specificity are such that even very small portions of the involved chromosome can be detected. This technique is especially useful in settings where high-quality banding is difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Study of the microbiodegradation of terpenoid resin-based varnishes from easel painting using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The alterations produced by microbiological attack on terpenoid resin-based varnishes from panel and canvas paintings have been evaluated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed methods include the on-line derivatisation of drying oils and diterpenoid resins using hexamethyldisilazane during pyrolysis and the application of methyl chloroformate as a derivatisation reagent for triterpenoid resins in GC-MS. Two types of specimens, consisting of model oil medium prepared from linseed oil and model spirit varnishes prepared from colophony and mastic resins dissolved in turpentine, have been used as reference materials. For a series of specimens upon which different genera of bacteria and fungi were inoculated and encouraged to grow, analyses indicated that no mechanisms that commonly occur during the attack of enzymes on drying oils and terpenoid biodegraders were observed to occur in the oil medium and varnishes studied. Thus, the degradation pathways observed in the performed trials usually occur as consequence of natural ageing. Specific trials consisting of the application of biocides to uninoculated colophony varnish resulted in the identification of processes that produce undesirable degradation of the varnish due to interactions between the biocide and the varnish components. Finally, the studied biocides--Biotin, New-Des and Nipagine--generally exhibited good inhibiting effects on the microorganisms studied, although some interesting differences were found between them regarding the application method and type of biocide.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1987

Respiratory and nonrespiratory morbidity in a titanium oxide paint factory in Nigeria.

A study of 67 subjects in a small titanium oxide paint factory in Nigeria showed 50-54% frequency for airway symptoms, 20-40% for neurological symptoms, and 10-27% for other symptoms. The symptoms were well correlated with exposure (p less than .05) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The directly exposed subjects had likelihood odds ratios of 5 to 17 of presenting symptoms compared to controls. The PFT deficit, relative to the expected value, was significantly higher for those with airway symptoms than for those of other symptom categories (p less than .005). There were 28 (42%) cases of restrictive lung impairment. Exposure to cotton dust had confounding influence on the PFT of subjects previously exposed. Smoking rate was very low. These findings indicate the need for worker protection in a manufacturing plant in Nigeria.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Identification of de novo chromosome rearrangements: five cases analyzed with differential chromosome painting.

We report on five cases of de novo structural chromosome rearrangements that were difficult to identify by conventional G-banding analysis. In all five cases, differential chromosome painting (DCP) provided evidence for the presence of an additional segment and its origin. A combination of DCP with subsequent conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using adequate locus-specific probes and reexamination of G-banding patterns resulted in successful identification of the rearrangements. Their karyotypes were finally interpreted as 46,XY,der(1)(qter --> q42.1::p36.3 --> qter) in case 1; 46,XY,der(8)(8pter -->8q24.3::8q24.3 --> 8q23.2::?p11.2 --> ?ps) in case 2; 47,XY,+der(10)(pter --> q11) in case 3; 46,XX,der(3)(17pter --> 17p11.2::3p26 --> 3qter) in case 4; and 46,XY,dup(1) (pter --> q32::q25 --> qter) in case 5.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Chromosome painting reveals that galagos have highly derived karyotypes.

The differences in chromosome number between Otolemur crassicaudatus (2n = 62) and Galago moholi (2n = 38) are dramatic. However, the total number of signals given by hybridizing human chromosome paints to galago metaphases is similar: 42 in O. crassicaudatus and 38 G. moholi. Many human chromosome homologs are found fragmented in each species, and numerous translocations have resulted in chromosomal syntenies or hybridization associations which differ from those found in humans. Only 7 human autosomes showed conserved synteny in O. crassicaudatus, and 9 in G. moholi. Both galago species have numerous associations or syntenies not found in humans: O. crassicaudatus has 11, and G. moholi has 21. The phylogenetic line leading to the last common ancestor of the two galago species accumulated 6 synapomorphic fissions and 5 synapomorphic fusions. Since the divergence of the two galago species, 10 Robertsonian translocations have further transformed the G. moholi karyotype, and 2 fissions have been incorporated into the O. crassicaudatus karyotype. Comparison with other primates, tree shrews, and other mammals shows that both galagos have karyotypes which are a mixture of derived and conserved chromosomes, and neither has a karyotype close to that of the proposed ancestor of all primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:319-326, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Role of short telomeres in inducing preferential chromosomal aberrations in human ovarian surface epithelial cells: A combined telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and whole-chromosome painting study.

It is well established that specific cancers and immortalized cells have nonrandom chromosome aberrations. However, little is understood about the underlying mechanism that initiates these aberrations in human cells. To examine whether human chromosomes with the shortest telomeres initiate the preferential chromosomal aberrations before cellular immortalization, we simultaneously applied telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and specific whole-chromosome painting on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 17, 19, and 20 in human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE 6-3) cells expressing human papilloma viral oncogenes (HPV16 E6E7). The HPV16 E6E7-expressing cells, with extended in vitro life span and telomerase-negative status, were previously identified as having nonrandom chromosomal imbalances and high frequencies of dicentrics. Our analyses showed that among six pairs of targeted chromosomes, chromosomes 8 and 20 showed critically short telomeres with an undetectable telomere signal in more than 50% of cells analyzed. These chromosomes with the critically short telomeres were preferentially involved in various types of chromosomal aberrations including dicentrics, translocations, breaks, insertions, and losses or gains of chromosomal elements. Our findings suggest that nonrandom chromosome aberrations in HOSE cells occurring before cellular immortalization could be caused by the telomere length heterogeneity.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2005

Oncogene amplification in the proximal part of chromosome 6 in rat endometrial adenocarcinoma as revealed by combined BAC/PAC FISH, chromosome painting, zoo-FISH, and allelotyping.

The inbred BDII rat is a valuable experimental model for the genetic analysis of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC). One common aberration detected by comparative genomic hybridization in rat EAC was gain/amplification affecting the proximal part of rat chromosome 6 (RNO6). We applied rat and mouse chromosome painting probes onto tumor cell metaphase preparations in order to detect and characterize gross RNO6 aberrations. In addition, the RNO6q11-q16 segment was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes representing 12 cancer-related genes in the region. The analysis revealed that seven tumors contained large RNO6-derived homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) in addition to several normal or near-normal RNO6 chromosomes. Five tumors (two of which also had HSRs) exhibited a selective increase of the RNO6q11-q16 segment, sometimes in conjunction with moderate amplification of one or a few genes. Most commonly, the amplification affected the region centered around band 6q16 and included the Mycn, Ddx1, and Rrm2 genes. A second region, centering around Slc8a1 and Xdh, also was affected by gene amplification but to a lesser extent. The aberrations in the proximal part of RNO6 were further analyzed using allelotyping of microsatellite markers in all tumors from animals that were heterozygous in the proximal RNO6 region. We could detect allelic imbalance (AI) in 12 of 20 informative tumors, 6 of which were in addition to those already analyzed by molecular cytogenetic methods as described. Our findings suggest that increase/amplification of genes in this chromosome region contribute to the development of this hormone-dependent tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Male characteristics on female mud snails caused by antifouling bottom paints.

This study continues an investigation of an anatomical abnormality, named 'imposex', which consists of a superimposition of male characteristics on to a functionally normal female reproductive anatomy of the dioecious snail Nassarius obsoletus Say. Imposex is prevalent in natural populations living near yacht basins and rarely found distant from them. In the current study caged snails were transferred between a yacht basin and a distant 'clean' locality where the natural population of snails was normal. Imposex was induced in some normal snails kept at the marina and suppressed, but not lost in abnormal snails kept at the clean locality. A similar positive result was obtained in the laboratory by exposing normal snails to organotin-containing antifouling paints and abnormal snails to clean sea water. Results were negative in parallel tests of various marina-associated materials which did not contain organotin. The laboratory studies have thus identified a causative factor for the anatomical abnormalities common near yacht basins in the natural environment. They also provide a rare, if not unique, example of a chemical agent which causes the appearance of superfluous anatomical features in an animal.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Blue natural organic dyestuffs--from textile dyeing to mural painting. Separation and characterization of coloring matters present in elderberry, logwood and indigo.

Natural dyestuffs used for painting or dyeing of textiles are complex mixtures of compounds of various chemical properties. Proper identification of the dye used by a painter and, even better, its origin is possible only when its compositional 'fingerprint' can be evaluated. For this reason gradient program for liquid chromatographic separation of 16 color compounds--components of natural blue dyes: elderberry, logwood and indigo--has been developed. Two detector systems were used simultaneously: UV-Vis spectrophotometry (at 280, 445, 520 and 600 nm) and ESI mass spectrometry (positive and negative SIM mode). It was found that fragmentation observed in ESI-MS is affected not only by ion source parameters, but also by chromatographic conditions, especially in case of the less stable substances: cyanidin glucosides, tannic acid, rutin and hematoxylin. Examination of characteristic dissociation pathways of the compounds under investigation after direct admission into ion source or after chromatographic separation allowed to select proper ions for SIM detection and to develop novel and efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)-UV-Vis/ESI-MS method for the analysis of natural blue dyes. The procedure was successfully applied for identification of indigotin and carminic acid-main colorants extracted from a fiber taken from the blue-red 'Italian' tapestry (the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland).

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2005

Investigation of fungal deterioration of synthetic paint binders using vibrational spectroscopic techniques.

The deterioration of synthetic polymers caused by biological process is usually evaluated by visual inspection and measuring physical effects. In contrast to this approach, we have applied vibrational spectroscopies to study the biodegradation of the synthetic resins. 29 synthetic resins used as paint binding media, including acrylic, alkyd and poly(vinyl acetate) polymers, were examined for potential susceptibility to fungal degradation using the standard method ASTM G21-96(2002). In addition, the degraded resins were analysed by Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR and FT-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy. Almost all the acrylic resins studied proved to be resistant to microbial attack, while all alkyd resins and some poly(vinyl acetates) turned out to be biodegradable. Within a few days of inoculation Aspergillus niger was the most copious fungus on the biodegraded resins. A comparison of the IR and Raman spectra of control and biodegraded resins did not show any differences, but photoacoustic spectroscopy revealed additional bands for the fungal-degraded resins, consistent with the presence of fungal-derived substances. The additional bands in the photoacoustic spectra were due to the presence of Aspergillus niger and melanin, a fungal pigment. Since IR photoacoustic spectroscopy can be also a suitable technique for the chemical characterisation of binding media, the same spectroscopic analysis can be employed to both characterise the material and obtain evidence for fungal colonization. Microbial growth on Sobral 1241ML (alkyd resin) after 28 d (growth rating 4) compared with the non-inoculated resin.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1993

A cross-sectional survey of neurobehavioral effects of chronic solvent exposure on workers in a paint manufacturing plant.

Neurobehavioral impairments in 84 workers with long-term exposure to organic solvents in a paint manufacturing plant were examined cross sectionally. The World Health Organization (WHO) Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery, the NES-2 computerized battery, and four additional South African tests were used. Exposure to solvents was determined by using company industrial hygiene data as well as from an industrial hygiene survey of current total solvent levels in air. Indexes for cumulative exposure and average lifetime intensity of exposure were calculated for groups of homogeneously exposed workers in each department. Exposure levels were below the AGGIH threshold limit values. Multiple linear regression revealed that education level, age, and alcohol consumption were strong predictors for several neurobehavioral test scores. After adjusting for potential confounding from this source, average lifetime intensity of solvent exposure was the most significant predictor of the NES-2 Continuous performance test (measuring sustained visual attention) score of the WHO Digit span backward test score (measuring attention span and double tracking). Pursuit aiming (measuring fine visuomotor tracking speed) was significantly associated with the cumulative exposure index, possibly indicating early neurotoxic effects.

Central Nervous System↗