Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Overbite”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Orthodontic treatment need in French schoolchildren: an epidemiological study using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need.

This survey was undertaken to assess the orthodontic treatment need in a sample of 9- to 12-year-old French children (mean age: 9.77 years; standard deviation: 0.84) attending 12 different schools in the same geographic area of Ile de France. Two examiners used the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in order to estimate treatment need. Five hundred and eleven children (268 males, 243 females) who had not previously received orthodontic treatment were examined. Two examiners, who had been previously trained in the use of occlusal indices, screened all the schoolchildren. No radiographs, study casts, or previously written records of the children were used; the IOTN was calculated from direct examination. Qualitative data were analysed using the chi-square test to determine differences in treatment need between subgroups of subjects, and kappa("kappa") statistics to analyse the findings. A correlation coefficient was used to compare professional assessments. Twenty-one per cent of the children presented an objective need for orthodontic treatment, 28 per cent had crowding, 28 per cent an increased overjet, and 15 per cent an increased overbite. The dental health component (DHC) of the IOTN was found to be reliable and simple to use. The malocclusion status of French schoolchildren was lower than that recorded in epidemiological studies of European children.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of the changes in facial profile after orthodontic treatment, with and without extractions.

A study was made of 31 patients with Angle Class II malocclusion. Fifteen patients did not undergo extraction of teeth (Group A), while 16 underwent extractions of four premolars (Group B). Data was obtained from the corresponding lateral radiographs of the head taken both before and after orthodontic treatment. The main aim of the study was to compare the response of the soft and hard tissues of the facial profile in Class II malocclusion treated with the extraction of four premolars and the response of borderline cases presenting with similar malocclusions, but not subjected to extraction. In this latter group reasonable doubt existed as to whether or not to remove teeth in order to solve the occlusal and aesthetic problems. It is concluded that significant hard tissue differences between the groups at the end of treatment were limited to a more retruded position of the incisors and a reduced overbite amongst those patients subjected to extraction. The main soft tissue differences between the groups at the end of treatment were a more retruded lower lip and a more pronounced lower labial sulcus in those patients subjected to extraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Occlusal traits in a group of school children in an isolated society in Jerusalem.

The prevalence of occlusal features in 939 children, aged 6-13 years, belonging to an ultra-orthodox community of Jewish Ashkenazi descent living in Jerusalem was studied clinically. Sexual dimorphism was found for overjet, overbite, and habit practising. About one-quarter of the sample exhibited some degree of occlusal mutilation due to caries, thus creating a 'caries-affected' subgroup, the rest forming the 'caries-free' subgroup. In the latter set, normocclusion was scarce (7.4 per cent), Class I being the most frequent malocclusion (49.1 per cent). Caries had a significant effect on the symmetry of bilateral occlusal relationships, lower dental midline deviation, and on crowding/spacing conditions in the mixed dentition stage (except for the maxilla in late mixed dentition). The low prevalence of normocclusion can be attributed to genetic background, environmental influences and the definition attached to normal occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Skeletal and dental changes following the use of the Frankel functional regulator.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative contributions of skeletal and dental components in correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions when treated with Frankel's functional regulator (FR). This was a retrospective study involving analyses of pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 63 Class II division 1 patients treated with the FR to demonstrate the relative maxillary, mandibular, incisor, and molar movements during treatment compared with normal growth within a control group of untreated 39 Class II division 1 cases drawn from the same demographic population. All cephalograms were digitized and subjected to a Pitchfork analysis, which measured individual anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes during the period of study. It was shown that the FR was effective in treating Class II division 1 cases with the studied group being corrected to a clinically acceptable overjet and overbite of 2-3 mm. The majority of the correction came from dental movements, the most significant being the retroclination of the upper incisor teeth (mean 4.1 mm, 95 per cent CI +/- 0.44) and proclination of the lowers (mean 2.2 mm 95 per cent CI +/- 0.57). As regards skeletal correction, the most significant contribution was the restraint of normal maxillary forward growth (mean -0.2 mm, 95 per cent CI +/- 0.62) with forward mandibular growth not being a significant factor.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

Unilateral distalization of a maxillary molar with sliding mechanics: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: A unilateral Class II relationship could arise due to early loss of an upper second deciduous molar on one side during the mixed dentition period. This would allow the mesial drift of the molars, which may block the eruption of the second premolar. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 15-year 8-month-old male patient presented with a Class II molar relationship on the right, and Class I canine and molar relationship on the left side. His E was extracted when he was 5 years old. The 54 were impacted and the 3 was ectopically positioned due to the space loss from the mesial migration of the 76. In addition 21 1 were in cross-bite. Skeletally he had Class III tendency with low MMPA. He presented with a straight profile and retruded upper lip. For maxillary molar distalization, a newly developed 'Keles Slider' was used. The appliance was composed of one premolar and two molar bands, and the anchorage unit was composed of a wide Nance button. 46 were connected to the Nance button and, therefore, included into the anchorage unit. The point of distal force application was close to the centre of resistance of the 6 and parallel to the occlusal plane. Ni-Ti coil springs were used and 200 g of distal force was applied. Seven months later the space required for eruption of the permanent premolars and canine was regained, and the anterior cross-bite corrected. The appliance was removed and final alignment of the teeth was achieved with fixed appliances. CONCLUSION: At the end of the second phase treatment Class I molar and canine relationship was achieved on the both sides, the anterior cross-bite was corrected, inter-incisal angle was improved, and ideal overbite and overjet relationship was achieved. The active treatment time was 27 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of skeletal and dental changes produced by function regulators (FR-2 and FR-3).

The lateral skull radiographs of subjects taken before and after treatment with the FR-2 (N = 99) and FR-3 (N = 30) of Fränkel were compared to contrast the effects of each appliance. The major skeletal effect of both appliances was on the mandible, the FR-2 group showing a significantly greater annual increase in total length and ramus height (P less than 0.001) and the FR-3 group a significant change in position downward and backward facilitated by an opening of the cranial base angle. The greater annual increase in lower facial height, compared with a control group, seen in both FR groups was accompanied by a reduction in overbite, which was greater in the FR-2 group. The favourable change in overjet seen in both FR groups was contributed to by alteration in upper and lower incisor inclination.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1989

Long-term spontaneous changes following removal of all first premolars in Class I cases with crowding.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the result in adults of Class I malocclusion cases who had all their first premolars extracted as the sole treatment of space deficiency in the mixed or early permanent dentition. The mean age at premolar removal was 10 1/2 years. Forty-two out of 44 cases were re-examined at a mean age of 30 years and 4 months. Observations of dental occlusion and oral health were compared to observations of control samples. The average malocclusion in the adults, as judged by a score method, was similar to that reported for an appliance-treated sample. Marked spontaneous arch alignment and residual space closure with age was seen in most cases. Despite earlier tooth removal, on average crowding developed to about the same degree as that of an non-extraction normal occlusion sample. No detrimental effects were seen with regard to overjet or overbite. Neither did the figures for lower incisor position at the follow-up examination differ from that of the normal occlusion sample. Although tipping of adjacent teeth towards the extraction site was frequent, especially in the mandible, no effect on marginal bone height was evident as judged by comparison with a non-extraction control sample. The results reveal a significant capacity for spontaneous improvements with age in dental arch morphology and relationship in extraction cases, provided that specific features have been looked for in case selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dentition in children with enlarged tonsils compared to control children.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether or not there are any differences in the dentition between children with enlarged tonsils and those with normal tonsils. A sample of 73 children (33 boys and 40 girls) with enlarged tonsils and with a mean age of 10.1 years was compared with a normal control group, matched for age and sex. Eighteen dentition variables and thirty-two variables in anamnestic, clinical, pharyngeal and postural findings were recorded. Measurements were obtained from lateral skull radiographs and dental casts. Group means were compared. Relationships between variables were studied using simple correlations and multiple stepwise regression analyses. It was found that children with enlarged tonsils had more retroclined lower incisors, more anteriorly positioned upper incisors, smaller overbite, larger overjet, shorter lower dental arches, narrower upper dental arches and an increased frequency of lateral crossbite. Functional and/or morphological disorders, causing an open posture of the mouth, a lowered anterior posture of the tongue and a low position of the hyoid bone are thought to be associated with the differences in the dentition between the two groups. Obstruction of the oropharynx by enlarged tonsils, might be one factor responsible for these dysfunctions.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1995

Midface distraction advancement in the canine without osteotomies.

Midface hypoplasia, often associated with exorbitism and malocclusion, has been traditionally corrected by using Le Fort advancement osteotomies through wide surgical exposure. These procedures suffer the disadvantages of hemorrhage, unpredictable bone graft resorption, the need for retained hardware, and bone graft donor-site morbidity. We present an investigation of midface distraction in the canine without osteotomies. Five canines were the subjects of this study and were divided into two groups. At the time of placement of the lengthening devices, Group 1 animals were 10 weeks of age and Group 2 animals were 5 years of age. Under general anesthesia, four modified Hoffman bone distractors were mounted on 2-mm half pins placed individually across the nasofrontal and the zygomaticotemporal sutures on each side of the craniofacial skeleton. Distraction of all devices was begun on postoperative day 1 at the rate of 0.5 mm/day for 4 days and then 1.0 mm/day for 28 days, after which interval the devices were removed. The dogs were serially monitored and examined for 3 months. One dog in the first group served as a sham control. The results were assessed by standardized cephalograms, and craniofacial computed tomographic scans with three-dimensional reconstruction performed before device placement as well as after removal of the device. In one Group 1 animal, computed tomographic scanning was performed every 2 to 4 weeks for 3 months. Gross examination of the Group 1 animals demonstrated the development of enophthalmos, dolichocephaly, and a class II malocclusion-overbite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of the relationships among posture, maxillomandibular denture complex, and soft-tissue profile of aesthetic adult Korean women.

The objective of this study was to assess the relationships among the posture, the maxillomandibular denture complex, and the soft-tissue profile of aesthetic adult Korean women. From an initial group of 346 women, the authors examined 28 beautiful adult Korean women who had normal vertical and sagittal skeletal relationships and normal occlusion. There were no differences in the inclinations of the incisors to the occlusal planes in the maxilla and the mandible in the data for Korean women vs. Arnett's data for white women. However, the overbite and overjet in Korean women were slightly smaller than in white women. AB to maxillary occlusal plane angle (MxOP) represented the anteroposterior denture base discrepancy to the occlusal plane. Angulation of the maxillary occlusal plane to the Frankfurt (FH) plane and the true vertical line at submasale (TVL) (Sn) was a little steeper in Korean women than in white women. The FH plane was almost parallel to the true horizontal line in Korean women who had normal vertical and sagittal skeletal relationships and normal occlusion. With regard to soft-tissue variables, the upper lip length (Sn-Stms), interlabial gap, upper incisor exposure, nasolabial angle, lip and nose tip projection value, and TVL (Sn)-to-upper lip line (UL) angle showed interracial differences. The results of this study can assist in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthognathic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of the stability of single-piece and segmental Le Fort I maxillary advancements.

This study retrospectively evaluated the stability of Le Fort I maxillary advancements and compared segmental and one-piece maxillary osteotomy procedures. A cephalometric analysis was performed on 26 cases of maxillary advancement. The sample comprised 11 cases of one-piece and 15 cases of segmental maxillary procedures. The tracings were superimposed and digitized by computer software, and the skeletal changes were analyzed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. Different values were compared by the paired and nonpaired t tests and were correlated by the Pearson correlation test. The significant value was set at a 95% confidence interval. The maxilla was advanced by a mean of 5.0 +/- 1.6 mm (P < 0.001), and the anterior maxilla was repositioned inferiorly by a mean of 1.5 +/- 3.3 mm (P < 0.05). The maxilla relapsed posteriorly by a mean of 0.6 +/- 1.2 mm (P < 0.05) and superiorly at the anterior maxilla by a mean of 0.8 +/- 1.1 mm (P < 0.001). Overjet and overbite did not significantly change (P > 0.05). It was concluded that maxillary advancement using rigid fixation and interpositional bone grafting in both groups was a stable procedure, particularly in the horizontal plane. In the one-piece group, there was a significantly higher relapse in the vertical plane than in the segmental group (P < 0.05), however. Minor skeletal relapse was compensated for by postoperative tooth movement, and segmental procedures are recommended when required to enhance occlusal results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Introduction of a novel internal spring-driven craniofacial bone distraction device.

A study of craniofacial bone distraction using an internal self-expanding bone device designed by the authors was performed in a young rabbit skull model. Ten 30-day-old New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups: 5 underwent distraction with the device, and 5 served as controls. Serial cephalograms, defleshed skull measurements, and histological examinations were performed on the study animals. The distracted group demonstrated a significant midface lengthening and overbite compared with the control group. Histologically, more fibroblasts and osteoblasts were seen in the front nasal bone in the distracted group in comparison with the nondistracted controls. The self-expanding internal bone distractor can effectively lengthen certain facial bones in an animal model and avoid some of the disadvantages associated with the external distraction techniques. This new device offers clinical potential as a useful distraction technique, but further work is needed to determine the effects of continuous postoperative tension loads on bone healing, the amount of tension generated by certain spring loads and lengths, and the feasibility of applying this concept in confined bone spaces.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis using a rigid external distraction device in cleft maxillary deformities.

Rigid external distraction is a highly effective technique for correction of maxillary hypoplasia in patients with orofacial clefts. The clinical results after correction of sagittal maxillary deformities in both the adult and pediatric age groups have been stable. The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal cephalometric study was to review the long-term stability of the repositioned maxilla in cleft patients who underwent maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction. Between April 1, 1995, and April 1, 1999, 17 consecutive patients with cleft maxillary hypoplasia underwent maxillary advancement using rigid external distraction. There were 13 male patients and four female patients, with ages ranging from 5.2 to 23.6 years (mean, 12.6 years). After a modified complete high Le Fort I osteotomy and a latency period of 3 to 5 days, patients underwent maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction until proper facial convexity and dental overjet and overbite were obtained. After active distraction, a 3- to 4-week period of rigid retention was undertaken; this was followed by removable elastic retention for 6 to 8 weeks using, during sleep time, an orthodontic protraction face mask. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained preoperatively, after distraction, at 1 year after distraction, and 2 or more years after distraction. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years (minimum, 2.1 years; maximum, 5.3 years). The following measurements were obtained in each cephalogram: three linear horizontal and two linear vertical maxillary measurements, two angular craniomaxillary measurements, and one craniomandibular measurement. Differences between the preoperative and postoperative cephalometric values were analyzed by paired t tests (p < 0.05). The cephalometric analysis demonstrated postoperatively significant advancement of the maxilla. In addition, the mandibular plane angle opened 1.2 degrees after surgery. After the 1- to 3-year follow-up period, the maxilla was stable in the sagittal plane. Minimal anteroposterior growth was observed in the maxilla compared with that exhibited in the anterior cranial base. However, there was significant vertical maxillary growth over the 3-year observation period. The mandibular plane angle tended to decrease during the follow-up period. The cephalometric data from this study support the clinical impression of maxillary stability after maxillary advancement with rigid external distraction in cleft patients. This effective and stable technique is now considered for all pediatric patients with severe cleft maxillary hypoplasia and for adolescent and adult patients with moderate to severe deformities.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

Repositioning of premaxilla in bilateral cleft lip and palate using a "J-hook headgear".

The purpose of this clinical approach is to present the successful treatment of the severely protruded and extruded premaxilla with high-pull J-hook headgear. Two patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate deformity and a protruding and extruding premaxilla causing a deep bite were treated with high-pull J-hook headgear and fixed orthodontic appliances. The lateral cephalometric measurements before and after orthodontic treatment were evaluated with Ricketts analysis. The premaxillae of the two patients were repositioned, correcting the deep overbite and overjet and a well-functioning occlusion was attained. The repositioning of an inferiorly positioned and protruded premaxilla with J-hook headgear is an alternative treatment approach compared to other treatment modalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Characteristics of primary dentition occlusion in a group of Saudi children.

Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition vary among populations and ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study aimed to record various primary dentition parameters in 520 3-5-year-old randomly selected Saudi children and to observe the differences between the age groups. 80% of the children had a 'flush terminal plane' molar relationship. The proportion of the children with 'distal step' molar relationship was significantly lower at age 5 (7%) than at age 3 (16%). 86% of the children had Class I canine relationship, with no significant differences between the age groups. The degree of overbite was significantly less in the 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds. The majority of the children (76%) had an overjet of 0-2 mm, but the prevalence of 0-1 mm overjet was significantly higher, and that of 2-3 mm significantly lower, in the elder age group. The prevalence of anterior crossbite was 2% and of posterior crossbite 4%. The prevalence of malocclusion was lower in these subjects than in some Caucasian populations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Mandibular dysfunction in 10-18 year old school children as related to morphological malocclusion.

An association was sought between certain morphologic characteristics of malocclusion--Angle classification, over-bite, over-jet, open-bite, cross-bite and crowding--and the presence or absence of three cardinal symptoms of mandibular dysfunction--joint sounds, joint sensitivity to palpation and muscle sensitivity--in a sample of 369 Israeli school children. In addition, two additional independent variables, 'occlusal wear' and 'previous orthodontic treatment' were introduced into the statistical analysis. Occlusal wear and abnormal overbite were the only factors found to increase significantly the presence of dysfunction symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Tooth positions in the natural and complete artificial dentitions, with special reference to the incisor teeth: an interactive on-line computer analysis.

A comparison of tooth positions and soft tissue profiles was made between samples of edentulous patients recently provided with new complete dentures, and dentate subjects. The dentures were marked with lead foil on the most prominent incisor teeth and labial surfaces of the flanges. Lateral skull radiographs were made with the jaws in centric relation. The dentate subjects were recorded with the teeth held in centric occlusion. Discrete soft and hard tissue landmarks were identified and recorded using an interactive on-line computer system, enabling linear and angular measurements to be made. A mathematical comparison was produced employing a series of independent t-tests. Composite computer tracings were also produced. Important differences were found between the two groups, in which the influence of the upper lip length, mandibular resorption, and selected overbite were identified as factors determining artificial tooth position.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A 6-year follow-up study of oral function in shortened dental arches. Part I: Occlusal stability.

In this clinical 6-year follow-up study subjects with shortened dental arches (SDA, n = 55), characterized by the absence of molar support, are compared with subjects with complete dental arches (CDA, n = 52) with respect to occlusal stability. In addition, a small group of subjects with SDA and removable partial dentures in the lower jaw (SDA+RPD, n = 19) is included in this study. The aim of this study was to describe effects regarding occlusal stability in subjects with SDA during a 6-year period. The applied parameters for occlusal stability are: number of occlusal contacts in the anterior region, overbite, interdental spacing and alveolar bone support. The results of this study show that: (i) SDA do provide durable occlusal stability; (ii) free-end RPD do not contribute to occlusal stability in SDA; and (iii) SDA with periodontally involved teeth show continuing periodontal breakdown.

Adult↗