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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Percutaneous drainage of subperiosteal abscess: a potential treatment for osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE: Intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage are the accepted methods of treating osteomyelitis complicated by abscess formation. The objective of this study was to determine whether percutaneous drainage of subperiosteal abscess is a potential treatment for osteomyelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three pediatric patients with subperiosteal abscesses from acute osteomyelitis had percutaneous drainage with sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance using a Seldinger technique and an 8-F catheter. RESULTS: Two patients required no further intervention and had the drainage catheter removed after 72 h. After completing a course of antibiotics they healed completely. One patient, after a week of purulent drainage, required open drainage including a bone debridement of an area of septic necrosis. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous drainage of subperiosteal abscess may be an alternative to surgical drainage when medical therapy alone is inadequate. Development of intraosseous abscess, necrosis or persistent drainage suggests further intervention may be necessary.

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

Microgenerators for energy autarkic pacemakers and defibrillators: fact or fiction?

BACKGROUND: Implantable devices for medical use like permanent pacemakers, defibrillators, and fluid pumps depend on an energy provided by batteries. Unfortunately, the battery usually determines the duration of life of these devices, while technical problems occur infrequent. Device replacement for battery exhaustion requires surgical procedures and account for up to 1/3 of all pacemakers sold. Attempts to provide unlimited power support using radio transmission, nuclear energy etc. did not gain clinical acceptance. METHOD: We therefore evaluated the potential role of a microgenerator (designed for use in wrist watches) to recharge pacemaker batteries. We used the Epson-Seiko Caliber 5M22 that uses a "Gold-Cap" for energy storage. The mass of the actuator is 1.6 g and an angle of > 10 degrees is needed to overcome friction. Output at a rotor frequency of 200 Hz is 1.8 mWatt To measure the power provided, various experiments were made with the microgenerator taped to the chest of a normal person working in an office. Range of 11 experiments over 8 hours each was 0.2 to 3.1 microWatt (median 0.5 microWatt). Therefore, the power generated was 10 to 100 times less than the calculated power needed to recharge a typical pacemaker battery. A second type of generator (Mondaine, Zurich, Switzerland) with less mechanical parts, available in a "black box" version only, generated not more power. CONCLUSION: Thus, commercially available, yet not optimized microgenerators provided only between 1 to 10% of the power requirements of a pacemaker. However, modifications in design and mainly the orientation and weight of the actuator to generate more power from the G-forces during walking, would result in a more meaningful energy output.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2004

[PercuTwist dilational tracheostomy. Prospective evaluation of 54 consecutive patients].

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) is considered to be an accepted method in intensive care patients. In 2002 Frova and Quintel described a method of dilation that employed controlled rotation of the PercuTwist dilational device. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the new technique employed by an experienced team. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, observational clinical study in 54 intensive care patients who required PDT. All tracheostomies were accompanied by bronchoscopic control. Vital parameters and perioperative complications were registered. RESULTS: In all 54 consecutive PercuTwist tracheostomies no severe complications were noted. Accidental tracheal ring fracture was noted in 7 patients while bleeding that needed surgical care occurred in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: The PercuTwist tracheostomy is a safe procedure for intensive care patients. More prospective studies that would compare the PercuTwist tracheostomy with the other PDT methods are necessary.

APACHE↗
PubMed1995

[The use of pulse oximetry in prilocaine induced methemoglobinemia].

During the last 15 years pulse oximetry has become a widely accepted method of monitoring during general and local anaesthesia. Pulse oximeters measuring with two wave-lengths are considerably affected by dyshaemoglobin. At concentrations up to 30%, CO-Hb cannot be distinguished from O2-Hb. Met-Hb, even in low concentrations, leads to a constant error of measurement; some authors recommended exploiting this for estimation of the Met-Hb concentration. To prove the aim of the present study was to test whether this error in measurement can be defined with one formula for different pulse oximeters. PATIENTS AND METHODS. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 171 non-smoking patients with healthy lungs (ASA 1-3) who had received a plexus block for hand surgery were investigated. After premedication with 3.75-15 mg medazolam p.o. each patient received a total of 6 1O2 via a Hudson mask during the investigation. After 10 min the following pulse oximeters were put on the index finger: (1) Ohmeda BIOX 3700e, (2) Critikon Oxyshuttle, (3) Nellcor N 180. Simultaneously a venous blood sample was taken and analysed immediately with a Radiometer OSM3. The procedure was repeated 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the plexus block. In 41 patients the plexus block was carried out with lidocaine (6 mg/kg body weight) and in 130 patients, with prilocaine (7 mg/kg body weight). RESULTS. There were no significant differences in age, sex and risk groups between the lidocaine and the prilocaine group. In the lidocaine group we were able to show that hyperoxic conditions can be maintained for 2 h with the method described. In the lidocaine group none of the pulse oximeters showed a psO2 less than 99%. Our results show significant differences between the three pulse oximeters. Therefore, in contrast to the convention followed in the literatur, the relation between Met-Hb and psO2 under hyperoxic conditions must be described with different formulas for each pulse oximeter as follows: (1) Ohmeda BIOX 3700e: Met-Hb = (101-psO2).0.6 (r = 0.94); (2) Critikon Oxyshuttle: Met-Hb = (101-psO2).0.7 (r = 0.83); (3) Nellcor N 180: Met-Hb = (101-psO2).0.9 (r = 0.92). DISCUSSION. Our results show that it is not possible to describe the connection between Met-Hb and psO2 for all pulse oximeters with only one formula, but it is possible to set up different formulas with good correlations for each of the three pulse oximeters. The reasons for the different sensitivity are probably the different algorithms used by the manufacturers. In spite of the good correlations we can not recommend Met-Hb estimation by pulse oximetry measurement with two wave-lengths, because the distinction of hypoxia and Met-Hb its not possible when hyperoxic conditions are not stable as they were in our controlled study. A low psO2 measured in patients with normal arterial blood gases can be an indication of Met-Hb, but the exact measurement of dyshaemoglobin is only possibly by using a co-oximeter.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Rocuronium for anesthesia induction in elective procedures. Time course of muscular blockade and intubation after administration of 2-compartment ED95 (0.6 mg/kg) and dose reduction (0.4 mg/kg)].

BACKGROUND: Rocuronium is a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent structurally related to vecuronium. The compound has a rapid onset and an intermediate duration of action. The rapid onset is of importance in patients at risk for pulmonary aspiration, for elective induction of anaesthesia slower onset properties generally are accepted. In this context, we asked whether the induction dose of rocuronium may be reduced to doses smaller than 2 x ED95 in situations in which slower onset properties may be acceptable. METHODS: The time course of neuromuscular block and intubating conditions of two different doses rocuronium, 2 x ED95 (0.6 mg/kg) and 1.3 x ED95 (0.4 mg/kg), were investigated in 90 patients. We first determined the time course of neuromuscular block using electromyography (EMG), n = 15 for each group. In the second part the intubating conditions 3 min after injection of either rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg or rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg were evaluated, n = 30 for each group. RESULTS: In the present study reduction of the dose of rocuronium led to a slower onset (148 +/- 32 s vs. 220 +/- 30 s; P < 0.05) and a shorter clinical duration (21 min +/- 4 vs. 36 +/- 7 min; P < 0.05). The recovery index was modified by the dose reduction: 11 +/- 3 min after 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium and 9 +/- 2 min after 0.4 mg/kg. After both doses of rocuronium the intubating conditions were good to excellent, no difference between both rocuronium groups were found. CONCLUSION: In the present study dose reduction from 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium to 0.4 mg/kg rocuronium led to a slower onset and reduced clinical duration. However, the intubating conditions, evaluated 3 min after injection of the muscle relaxant were comparable. This offers new possibilities for muscle relaxation for surgical or diagnostic procedures of short duration and may reduce costs.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Molds in house dust. Sampling and detection].

Examination of dust samples is widely used to detect sources of mold growth in indoor environments. The advantage of this investigation is that house dust can be regarded as a passive sampler collecting mold spores over a long time period. No generally accepted method exists, however, for sampling and analysis of house dust for the detection of molds. Therefore, results obtained by different laboratories are not comparable. Measurements with standardized validated methods are a prerequisite to assess concentrations of molds in indoor environments. The method presented is based on sampling with a modified filter holder (in accordance with VDI 4300 page 8). Mini-sieves of different sizes are used for sample preparation. The fraction <63 microm is used for cultivation of molds after suspension. Problems of dust sampling and preparation are discussed. Criteria for the detection of sources of mold growth based on dust samples are presented elsewere.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1999

[Fatigue stability of locking screws for unreamed tibial intramedullary nailing].

Unreamed nailing with solid tibial nails is an accepted method of treatment for open tibial shaft fractures up to grade III and of closed tibial fractures with severe soft tissue damage. However, fatigue failure of the distal locking bolts is a frequent complication. We report a mechanical study investigating the fatigue limit of six different types of locking bolts used in solid tibila nails (Biorigid Tibial nail/aap, UTN/ace, STN/Howmedica, TLN/Howmedica, delta R & T Tibial nail/Smith & Nephew, AO/ASIF UTN/Synthes). Our results prove a direct correlation between the bolt's diameter and mechanical properties. Further more we found that bolts with a continuing thread were weaker than bolts of the same diameter with only a short thread and an increased diameter at the nail's aperture. Our results suggest that mobilization with half of the average body weight (350N) allows osseous consolidation without fatique failure of any of the tested locking bolts. Some of the tested locking bolts may even withstand full wieght-bearing in a physiological walking cycle, but will not withstand the stress of a running cycle.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

Screening for osteopenia and osteoporosis: do the accepted normal ranges lead to overdiagnosis?

Osteoporosis is a common disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality and in many cases may be preventable. In the absence of fragility fractures the accepted method of identifying those at high risk is based upon bone mineral density (BMD) measurements with defined cut-off points. To correctly delineate normal from abnormal, reliable reference ranges appropriate to the observed population are required. We have studied the age-dependent changes in mean BMD and standard deviation at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in a normal population extracted from 4280 women screened for osteopenia and compared our findings with the manufacturer's normal range (MNR). The recent World Health Organization criteria for the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis using the 'manufacturer's young normal' (MYN) values and our 'study young normal' (SYN) values have been applied. The study normal population (SNP) included 2068 women (mixed social class; mean age 53 years, range 30-79 years). The distribution of mean lumbar spine BMD with age in SNP was generally similar to the MNR. In contrast mean femoral neck bone density from SNP was significantly different from the MNR, ranging from 3% to 12% lower in each 5-year group analysed (p < 0.05). Comparison of standard deviations in spine BMD in SNP against the fixed MNR standard deviation showed a statistically significant increase commencing at 45 years of age. The magnitude of this increase appeared to rise with age and remained significant in the 75- to 79-year age group (p < 0.05). In contrast, standard deviation in femoral neck BMD in SNP appeared relatively constant with age except in the group of women at and around the time of the menopause. The SYN value for mean lumbar spine BMD was 0.994 g/cm2 (cf. MYN value 1.047, p < 0.0001) with a standard deviation of 0.122 g/cm2 (cf. MYN 0.11, p = 0.0005). Similarly our SYN value for femoral neck BMD was 0.787 (cf. MYN value 0.895, p < 0.0001) with a standard deviation of 0.109 (cf. MYN value 0.10, p = 0.0027). Using SYN values 36% (748) for the spine and 33% (675) for the hip of our normal population are classified as osteopenic or osteoporotic. Using MYN values increases the proportion of women classified as osteopenic or osteoporotic to 52% (1078) for the spine and 68% (1409) for the femur. If both sites of measurement are considered simultaneously SYN classifies 46% (952) as either osteopenic or osteoporotic at one or other site, which is increased to 73% (1513) when the MYN values are used. We observe that manufacturer's reference ranges may not be appropriate for the local population and may lead to an erroneously high diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis, which would lead to unnecessary patient anxiety and perhaps errors regarding treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Supplemental role of the Ames mutation assay and gap junction intercellular communication in studies of possible carcinogenic compounds from diesel exhaust particles.

This study presents a new strategy for the carcinogenic evaluation of complex chemical mixtures based on genotoxic and nongenotoxic assays. We studied the ability of organic extracts of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) to induce point mutations in five different Salmonella typhimurium strains (Ames test) and to inhibit gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in rat liver epithelial cell lines. A crude extract of DEP was prepared by extraction with dichloromethane (DCM), and fractionated according to polarity into five fractions: aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitro-PAH, dinitro-PAH, and polar compounds. Statistical experimental design, multivariate data analysis, and modeling were used to quantify the mutagenicity of individual and combined DEP fractions in the Ames assay. Quantitative determination of GJIC was carried out using a recently described combination of scrape loading and digital image analysis. Both assays responded to the DEP extract, but the responses were due to different fractions. The nitro-PAH fraction showed the strongest mutagenic potential, followed by the dinitro-PAH fraction. The effect on GJIC was due to the fraction containing the polar components, followed by the dinitro-PAH fraction. The extract was found to induce both basepair substitutions and frameshift mutations, through activation by bacterial nitroreductases. Hyperphosphorylation of connexin43, the major connexin in the epithelial cell lines, was less evident for DEP extract than for other communication inhibitors such as phorbol esters and growth factors, and consequently inhibitors of the protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway were unable to counteract the inhibition by DEP extract. Since the Ames test is a well accepted method to screen for substances with genotoxic activity while inhibition of GJIC is associated with effect of tumor promoters and nongenotoxic carcinogens, it is not surprising but encouraging and interesting that the present data indicate that the two endpoints supplement each other as screening tests and in the evaluation of hazardous compounds in complex mixtures.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Determination of hexavalent chromium by using speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry after microwave speciated extraction of environmental and other solid materials.

Precise and accurate determination of hexavalent chromium in different types of solid environmental sample is regarded as a technical challenge with significant potential error if historically accepted methods are used. Microwave-assisted alkaline extraction (0.5 mol L(-1) NaOH + 0.28 mol L(-1) Na2CO3) followed by anion-exchange chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometric detection has been shown to provide accurate and precise results. To obtain a better understanding of potential species conversion during and/or after extraction steps, speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) (EPA Method 6800) metrology has been successfully applied as a diagnostic tool with the modified accompanying extraction version of EPA Method 3060A. In our study, aggregate materials distributed over a large area of a major western US state were found to contain a high concentration of total chromium (195 +/- 13 to 709 +/- 19 microg g(-1)) and significant amounts of Cr6+ (141 +/- 6 to 341 +/- 29 microg g(-1)) which are at least three orders of magnitude higher than the US EPA threshold limit (0.5 microg g(-1)). Sediment samples from a major western US state, studied independently, were found to contain less (1.77 +/- 0.34 microg g(-1)) or no Cr6+ in the presence of significant total chromium.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations and wastewater by differential pulse voltammetry at a glassy-carbon electrode.

The redox characteristics of the drug domperidone at a glassy-carbon electrode (GCE) in aqueous media were critically investigated by differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer of pH 2.6-10.3, an irreversible and diffusion-controlled oxidation wave was developed. The dependence of the CV response of the developed anodic peak on the sweep rate (nu) and on depolizer concentration was typical of an electrode-coupled chemical reaction mechanism (EC) in which an irreversible first-order reaction is interposed between the charges. The values of the electron-transfer coefficient (alpha) involved in the rate-determining step calculated from the linear plots of E (p,a) against ln (nu) in the pH range investigated were in the range 0.64 +/- 0.05 confirming the irreversible nature of the oxidation peak. In BR buffer of pH 7.6-8.4, a well defined oxidation wave was developed and the plot of peak current height of the DPV against domperidone concentration at this peak potential was linear in the range 5.20 x 10(-6) to 2.40 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 6.1 x 10(-7) and 9.1 x 10(-7) mol L(-1), respectively. A relative standard deviation of 2.39% (n = 5) was obtained for 8.5 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) of the drug. These DPV procedures were successfully used for analysis of domperidone in the pure form (98.2 +/- 3.1%), dosage form (98.35 +/- 2.9%), and in tap (97.0 +/- 3.6%) and wastewater (95.0 +/- 2.9%) samples. The method was validated by comparison with standard titrimetric and HPLC methods. Acceptable error of less than 3.3% was also achieved.

Domperidone↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of an automated clean-up system for the isotope-dilution high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of PCB, PCDD, and PCDF in food.

An automated clean-up system was evaluated for the simultaneous analysis of polychiorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), and biphenyls (PCB) in different foods. In addition to the seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDIPCDF and four non-ortho PCB, by use of the clean-up system studied, it was possible to collect the eight mono-ortho and two di-ortho PCB and the seven indicator PCB in two separate fractions during the same clean-up run. The study was first performed using standard mixtures containing PCDD, PCDF and PCB, and a certified reference material. The recoveries of the 13C-labeled compounds ranged from 51 to 90%, indicating that the PCDD, PCDF, and PCB clean-up worked satisfactorily. Next, the automated system for PCDD, PCDF, and PCB analysis was evaluated for foods such as milk, egg, meat (beef, chicken, and pork), mussel, and olive oil. The recoveries of the 13C-labeled compounds ranged from 40 to 120% for PCB and from 57 to 113% for PCDD/ PCDF, meeting the requirements of well accepted methods. Thus, the automated clean-up system studied is a suitable alternative to conventional clean-up methods.

Automation↗
PubMed1998

Vitamin D-fortified liquid milk: benefits for the elderly community-based population.

To assess the efficacy and acceptability of vitamin D-fortified liquid milk in the management of hypovitaminosis D we carried out a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial on 51 community-based, elderly subjects with serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels of less than 12.9 ng/ml (normal range 10-80 ng/ml). Each subject had a dietary assessment, mental test score, outdoor score, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D level, and a general biochemical screening at baseline in April 1993 which was repeated in September 1993, April 1994, and September 1994. All subjects received 500 ml of milk per day, delivered to their homes in specially manufactured, blank, tetrapak cartons, from June 1993 to June 1994: 23 subjects received unfortified milk (control group) and 28 subjects received fortified milk (active group). Our results showed a baseline mean 25OHD level in the active group of 9.6 (range < 5.5-12.7) ng/ml and in the control group of 10.0 (range < 5.5-12.9) ng/ml (P < 0.4). One year later the mean 25OHD level in the active group had risen significantly from its baseline to 18.5 (range 9.6-26.7) ng/ml (P < 0.001) and was significantly different from the control group with a 1-year mean of 12.7 (range < 4-24.1) ng/ml (P < 0.001). Serum calcium levels in the active group also showed a significant rise over the 1-year period (P < 0.001) whereas those in the control group did not. We conclude that vitamin D-fortified liquid milk is a safe, effective, and acceptable method of administering vitamin D to the elderly, community-based population.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of coronary artery aneurysms in paediatric patients with Kawasaki disease by multidetector row CT angiography: feasibility and comparison with 2D echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Transthoracic ECHO is the locally accepted method for coronary surveillance of patients with Kawasaki disease but it may have limited visualization in the older child. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of multidetector CT (MDCT) angiography in the follow-up of coronary artery aneurysms in children with previous Kawasaki disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six children (5 boys, 1 girl; mean age 11.5 years) with known Kawasaki disease and coronary artery involvement underwent CT coronary angiography using 16-detector MDCT. The visualized lengths and diameter of all coronary segments were measured. The number, size and location of coronary artery aneurysms were recorded and compared with recent ECHO. RESULTS: Twelve coronary artery aneurysms (seven saccular, five fusiform) were identified by MDCT angiography. One saccular aneurysm at the junction of the distal right coronary artery and posterior descending artery was not detected by ECHO while the remaining six in proximal segments were detected by both modalities. Two of five fusiform aneurysms were not detected by ECHO due to their small sizes. Excellent agreement was found between CT and ECHO for maximal diameter and length of the visualized aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: MDCT angiography accurately defines coronary artery aneurysms. It is more sensitive for detecting aneurysms at distal coronary segments and fusiform aneurysms of small size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Reliability of radiographic evaluation for acromial morphology.

OBJECTIVE: Bigliani's classification system of acromial morphology utilizing the standard outlet radiograph has become in accepted method for evaluating patients with rotator cuff disease. This study evaluates the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of Bigliani's classification system using observers at various levels of training. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Supraspinatus outlet view radiographs of 40 patients (aged 18-78 years) with shoulder pain were reviewed twice, 4 months apart, in a masked protocol by six reviewers, including two attending (fellowship-trained) shoulder surgeons, an attending musculoskeletal radiologist, an orthopedic surgery sports fellow, and two orthopedic residents (PGY-2 and PGY-5). The reviewers were given standard diagrams of the Bigliani classification system and were asked to classify each film as a type I, II, or III acromion. Interobserver reliability and intraobserver repeatability values were calculated using kappa statistic analysis (0-0.2 slight, 0.21-0.4 fair, 0.41-0.6 moderate, 0.61-0.8 substantial, and 0.8-1.0 excellent). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For each of the two readings, all six observers agreed only 18% of the time. Kappa values for pairwise comparison of interobserver reliability among the six observers ranged from 0.01 to 0.75 (mean 0.35), and intraobserver repeatability ranged from 0.26 (PGY-5 resident) to 0.80 (fellowship-trained surgeon), with a mean of 0.55. Intraobserver repeatability was not significantly different for the different levels of expertise. More definitive criteria are needed to distinguish and classify the acromion.

Acromion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases.

BACKGROUND: Untreated patients with colorectal liver metastases rarely survive 3 years, and the 3-year survival rate for patients treated with chemotherapy is 3%. The best survival rates are for the small subgroup that has operable disease, i.e., 39% at 5 years. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers a new opportunity to destroy liver metastases in patients who are not surgical candidates because of disease distribution or comorbidity. METHODS: Acceptance criteria were a maximum of four or five liver lesions with a maximum diameter of 4 or 5 cm and no evidence of active extrahepatic disease. Nearly all treatments were performed percutaneously using ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging (or some combination) for guidance and monitoring. RFA is a minimally invasive procedure that can be readily repeated. General anesthesia facilitates the procedure but is not essential. Multiple overlapping ablations are required to ensure optimal treatment in all but the smallest tumors. RESULTS: In our cohort of 167 patients with colorectal liver metastases, 73 fulfilled the optimal acceptance criteria (5 or fewer tumors that were </=5 cm). The median survival periods were 38 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 30%, after the diagnosis of liver metastases and 31 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 25%, after the first ablation. CONCLUSION: RFA increases the therapeutic options for patients with colorectal metastases. Until controlled trials can better define the role of RFA, there are several groups of patients who are not surgical candidates and can be considered for RFA.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Gentamicin negatively influenced osteogenic function in vitro.

Local delivery of gentamicin is an accepted method of infection prophylaxis in the surgery of open fractures. However, the few reports of studies into the effect of locally applied gentamicin on osteoblasts used inadequate methods. In our study, we used the well-characterised C2C12 cell line with reproducible differentiation pathway into the osteoblast lineage. We investigated the viability, cell number, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of osteogenic genes of C2C12 cells after exposure to gentamicin at concentrations of 12.5-800 microg/ml for 48 h. Exposure of C2C12 cells to gentamicin (12.5-800 mg/ml) for 48 h showed no significant changes in the cell number, but cell viability was decreased by one-third at the tested concentrations of 200-800 microg/ml. The alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly decreased by one-third to one-half at any tested concentration (12.5-800 microg/ml) of gentamicin. Any tested concentration of gentamicin up to 800 microg/ml for 48 h did not inhibit or decrease the osteogenic gene expression of osterix and alkaline phosphatase of the C2C12 cells. In conclusion, gentamicin at high concentrations as achieved by local application reduced cellular viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro and therefore may be detrimental for bone healing and repair in vivo.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗