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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Concurrence of mouthing movement and rapid eye movement/non-rapid eye movement phases with advance in gestation of the human fetus.

To evaluate whether mouthing movement in the human fetus is related to advance in gestational age and whether such movement is concurrent with rapid eye movement or non-rapid eye movement phases, 26 fetuses from 28 to 41 weeks' gestation were observed for 60 continuous minutes with real-time ultrasonography. It was evident that regular mouthing movement every 300 to 600 msec concurred with the non-rapid eye movement period, from 35 weeks' gestation to term. Random mouthing movements that occurred at a wide range of intervals from 300 msec to approximately 525 seconds were observed predominantly during the rapid eye movement period and were unrelated to advance in gestational age. These observations were discussed in relation to biologic implications.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1984

The hyoid bone position in mouth breathers and tongue-thrusters.

In 1981 Bibby and Preston commented on the uniqueness of the anatomic relationships of the hyoid bone, notably that it was not fixed in space by bony articulations. This fact alone makes it a potential indicator of certain individual features of importance in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the effect of mouth breathing and tongue-thrusting on the hyoid bone position by means of the hyoid triangle analysis. Three groups of eighteen subjects formed the sample, one group of mouth breathers, one group of tongue-thrusters, and a control group of subjects who exhibited neither of these. Preorthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, and the position of the hyoid bone was analyzed from these. The groups were compared statistically by means of t tests and showed no statistically significant difference. These results show that the hyoid bone has a stable position and is independent of any posture alterations due to tongue-thrusting or mouth breathing.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1987

A practical approach to full mouth rehabilitation.

The concepts of traditional full mouth reconstruction have been reviewed. A practical full mouth rehabilitation technique has been described combining the chairside advantages of the programmed quadrant reconstruction with the laboratory advantages associated with the complete mouth simultaneous rehabilitation.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMed1985

On the interpretation of mouth asymmetry.

Greater right-side mouth opening during propositional speech has now been observed in at least eight studies. All current data are consistent with the interpretation that left-hemisphere control of articulation of propositional speech results in greater activity of the right-side lip opening muscles. In addition, expression of automatic speech such as singing, emotion, and possibly prosody can also influence mouth asymmetry, but in the opposite direction, suggesting a relatively greater right-hemisphere role for these types of expression. Further work is needed to confirm these interpretations and to elaborate on the exact neuro-muscular mechanisms and task dependencies responsible for mouth asymmetry.

Facial Expression↗
PubMed1987

Oral asymmetries during verbal and non-verbal movements of the mouth.

Asymmetries in the amplitude and velocity of oral movements were studied in 24 right-handed subjects as they produced either syllables or non-verbal movements of the mouth. Single-frame analysis of the videotaped mouth movements revealed that the right side of the mouth opened wider and faster than the left for both verbal and non-verbal movements. Moreover, the size of the right bias increased as a function of the complexity of required movements. In addition, movements embedded within a series showed a greater right bias than movements at the beginning of a series. On the whole, females exhibited larger asymmetries than males. These results provide support for the suggestion that the left hemisphere plays an important role in the control of complex motor behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease, also known as vesicular stomatitis with exanthem, is a vesicular disorder affecting both skin and oral mucosa. The disease is usually caused by Coxsackie virus A-16 and affects mainly children. The oral lesions may require differential diagnosis from other conditions, such as herpetic gingivostomatitis, aphthous stomatitis, and herpangina. Hand, foot, and mouth disease should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease of cattle, which is rare in human beings and is not caused by Coxsackie virus.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Burning mouth syndrome. Evaluation of multiple variables among 85 patients.

The relationship between burning mouth syndrome and 48 variables was investigated in 241 patients, 45 years old and older, who had attended the Oral Medicine Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Stellenbosch during a period of 4 years. A total of 85 cases of burning mouth syndrome were diagnosed in 65 women and 20 men. Statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) were found with self-medication, xerostomia, and other salivary disturbances in both men and women with burning mouth syndrome when compared with their respective controls. Among the women with BMS, significant relationships were also found with anemia, inadequate diet, chronic infection, hormone therapy, ulcerative/erosive lesions, and atrophy. In contrast men with BMS showed statistically significant relationships between taking prescribed medication, central nervous system disturbances, gingivitis, and denture-related problems. In addition, significant associations were related to variables such as psychogenic factors, regurgitation, flatulence, and periodontitis.

Anemia↗
PubMed1994

Arterial supply to the floor of the mouth and lingual gingiva.

According to many anatomy textbooks, the blood supply to the mandibular lingual gingiva and the floor of the mouth is derived from the sublingual branch of the lingual artery. Sometimes a variation exists in which the submental branch of the facial artery pierces the mylohyoid muscle to supply this region in addition to or in lieu of the sublingual artery. The purpose of this study was to detail the vascular supply to this region and to delineate the relative contribution and importance of the sublingual versus the submental artery in humans. A large branch of the submental artery that perforates through the mylohyoid muscle was found in 60% of the cases. The sublingual artery was found to be small, missing, or insignificant in 53% of cases. In these 53% of cases, a large perforating branch from the submental artery was present. Consequently, the submental artery can be considered the main arterial blood supply to the floor of the mouth and mandibular lingual gingiva. This study demonstrates the need to change the procedure of extraoral ligation for control of hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth. On the basis of the results of this study, the submental artery or its parent facial artery should first be ligated. Then, if bleeding is not controlled, the lingual artery should be ligated to insure satisfactory hemostasis in this region.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The effects of mouth movements, swallowing, and spitting on retronasal odor perception.

Although attempts have been made to compare sensations produced by orthonasal and retronasal olfactory stimulation, previous studies have failed to address the dynamic nature of retronasal perception. In this study we demonstrate the importance of oral movements in influencing the perceived retronasal olfactory intensity. For orally-presented solutions of artificial orange and rum extract solutions, average magnitude estimates of eight subjects were significantly increased by various mouth movements (including spitting and swallowing) over a no mouth movement condition. These findings demonstrate that retronasal odor perception is a highly dynamic process, and suggest the hypothesis that mouth movements play a role in retronasal odor perception analogous to that played by sniffing in orthonasal perception. In addition, these data suggest that some disorders of deglutition may have associated chemosensory consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mouth opening after release of maxillomandibular fixation in fracture patients.

Three hundred eleven patients with mandibular fractures were studied prospectively to ascertain the influence of jaw immobilization on mouth opening. Maxillomandibular fixation caused a significant reduction in mouth opening whereas open reduction did not. Furthermore, there appeared to be a relationship between the duration of immobilization and the degree of reduction of mouth opening such that the shorter the duration of fixation, the less the reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth: results of brachytherapy mainly using 198Au grains.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of brachytherapy provided by this institution over a 25-year period, and to specifically verify the efficacy of 198Au grain therapy, this study evaluated the outcomes in patients given brachytherapy for T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) of the floor of the mouth. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis of data from 90 patients with T1 and T2 SCCs of the floor of the mouth who underwent brachytherapy between 1965 and 1989. Therapy mainly consisted of 198Au grain implants with or without external irradiation. As for the brachytherapeutic source, 15 patients were treated with radon seeds, 60 with 198Au grains, 10 with radium needles, 3 with cobalt needles, and 2 with iridium hairpins. Based on the 1987 International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification, the SCC stagings and number of cases per staging follow: Stage I (T1N0), 21 cases; Stage II (T2N0), 55 cases; and Stage III-IV (T1-2N1-2), 14 cases. The minimum follow-up time was 3 years. RESULTS: The local control rates of these SCCs, based on tumor size, were 89% for T1 lesions, 76% for T2a (< or = 3 cm) lesions, and 56% for T2b (> 3 cm) lesions, and 82% for T1-2 lesions without a gingival involvement, in contrast to 55% for lesions with a gingival involvement (p < 0.05). The 5-year, cause-specific survival rates by staging were 95% for T1N0, 79% for T2N0, and 54% for T1-2N1-2. For patients given 198Au grain brachytherapy, local control was achieved in 93% of the T1 lesions, 79% of the T2a lesions, and in 56% of the T2b lesions. Further, the incidence of severe complications requiring surgery was low (5%). CONCLUSIONS: For T1N0 and T2aN0 SCCs of the floor of the mouth, excluding lesions with a gingival involvement, 198Au grain brachytherapy alone or in combination with external radiotherapy was found to be efficacious.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A mathematical model of volatile release in mouth from the dispersion of gelled emulsion particles.

This paper presents a mathematical model of in-mouth volatile release from gelled emulsion particles dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase. Data based on APCI MS-Breath analysis is presented to demonstrate the effect of particle size, oil content and oil-water partition coefficients. It is shown that in-mouth release of aroma from the dispersion of gelled emulsion particles follows a two-component kinetic equation with fast and slow components. Both the fast and slow rate constants depend on the particle size, oil content and oil water partition coefficient of the aroma. The relative amount of aroma contributing to the fast and slow components also depends on the size of the particles. In order to understand this unexpected behaviour, an analytical model was developed that considers the interplay between the mass transfer of flavour across the interface of the particles and that across the air-liquid interface. Analytical expressions for the two rate constants and the relative ratio of aroma contributing to the fast component have been derived. From this model, three regimes of in-mouth release of aroma from the dispersion of gelled emulsion particles were identified including, the emulsion regime, the transition regime and the gel particle regime. In the emulsion regime, changes in the size of gelled emulsion particles had negligible impact on the overall release. In the transition regime, the release was controlled by the interaction of flavour transfer from the particles with that across the air-water interface. In the gel particle regime, aroma release at long times was governed by the particles and that at short times was governed by the air-water interface, and the two processes were fully decoupled. A simple relationship was derived for the critical size above which the release of aroma from the dispersion of gelled emulsion particles is affected by the size of the particles.

Emulsions↗
PubMed2005

Trigeminal small-fiber sensory neuropathy causes burning mouth syndrome.

Burning mouth syndrome is a common disorder that frequently affects women in the 5th-7th decade. It is characterized by persisting painful symptoms mainly involving the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. For several years it has been attributed to psychological causes. We investigated the innervation of the epithelium of the tongue to assess whether damage of peripheral nerve fibers underlies the pathogenesis of the disease. We examined 12 patients with clinically definite burning mouth syndrome for at least 6 months. We obtained superficial biopsies of the lateral aspect of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue from all patients and nine healthy controls. Immunohistochemical and confocal microscope co-localization studies were performed with cytoplasmatic, cytoskeletric, Schwann cell, and myelin markers for pathological changes. The density of epithelial nerve fibers was quantified. Patients showed a significantly lower density of epithelial nerve fibers than controls, with a trend toward correlation with the duration of symptoms. Epithelial and sub-papillary nerve fibers showed diffuse morphological changes reflecting axonal degeneration. Our study demonstrates that burning mouth syndrome is caused by a trigeminal small-fiber sensory neuropathy and that superficial biopsy of the tongue can be helpful in assessing the diagnosis. These findings shed light into the pathogenesis of this common disorder and could contribute to evaluate targeted therapies in patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions in patients with dry mouth.

The importance of oral mucosal wetness in the condition of dry mouth and the role of salivary proteins in proper oral function are acknowledged. A negative correlation between mucosal wetness and the protein concentration of residual saliva has been reported in normosalivators. Here, to examine the suggestion that a reduction in residual salivary volume leads to a concomitant elevation of its protein concentration, the amount of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions, and their protein concentrations, were measured in hyposalivators and normosalivator controls. A Periotron 8000 micro-moisture meter was used to measure the thickness of the mucosal film at six selected mucosal surfaces and the minor salivary gland secretion rate at two mucosal surfaces. The unstimulated whole salivary flow rate was measured by the spitting method. The total protein concentration of all salivary samples was measured by bicinchoninic acid assay. The hyposalivators had significantly lower amounts of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions than the normosalivators at all selected mucosal sites except the soft palate. In both groups, the site with the thinnest coat of residual saliva was the anterior hard palate and the wettest site was the anterior dorsal mucosa of the tongue. The protein concentration of residual saliva was significantly higher in hyposalivators than normosalivators. In the minor salivary gland secretions there was no significant difference in protein concentration between the normo- and hyposalivators. When the hyposalivators were divided into two subgroups according to their severity of dryness, the reduction of residual salivary volume and the elevation of protein concentration were more apparent in the group with the more severe dry mouth. Collectively, these results indicate that oral mucosal wetness is associated with the flow rate of unstimulated whole saliva. The function of the minor salivary glands was less affected and relatively well preserved in patients with dry mouth. The increased protein concentration of residual saliva in the hyposalivators appeared to be the result of decreased salivary volume.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary oedema after enterovirus-71-related hand, foot, and mouth disease.

BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, from April to July, 1998, an epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) occurred with fatal complications. We did a clinical study of EV71-related diseases in Taiwan. METHODS: We studied 154 children with virus-culture confirmed EV71 infection. Children were divided into three groups: 11 patients with pulmonary oedema; 38 patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement and no pulmonary oedema; and 105 children without complications. We compared the clinical features, laboratory findings, risk factors, and outcome among these three groups. FINDINGS: Nine children with pulmonary oedema had hand, foot, and mouth disease, one had herpangina, and one had febrile illness with eight children with limb weakness and one with limb hypesthesia. All children had had sudden onset of tachycardia, tachypnoea, and cyanosis 1-3 days after onset of the disease. Nine of 11 children died within 12 h of intubation; one child was braindead within 15 h and died 17 days after intubation; one child was in deep coma and died 3 months later. In children with CNS complication and no pulmonary oedema, one child died of pneumonia after 4 months of ventilator support and four children had sequelae. All 105 children without complications recovered. There was a significant association between CNS involvement and pulmonary oedema (odds ratio 12.4 [95% CI 2.6-60.1], p=0.001). Risk factors for pulmonary oedema after CNS involvement were hyperglycaemia, leucocytosis, and limb weakness. Hyperglycaemia was the most significant prognostic factor for pulmonary oedema (odds ratio 21.5 [3-159], p=0.003). INTERPRETATION: EV71 can cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, CNS involvement with severe sequelae, and fatal pulmonary oedema. Hyperglycaemia is the most important prognostic factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Improvement of the immune response to foot and mouth disease virus vaccine in calves by using Avridine as adjuvant.

The epidemiological analysis of the cattle population during the eradication plan of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Argentina clearly indicated a higher incidence of the disease in animals within their first year of age. It is important to improve the efficacy of the vaccination in those animals. In a previous report, we have shown the effect of an immunomodulator, Avridine (Avr), in the enhancement of the immune response elicited by FMD virus (FMDV) vaccines in experimental hosts [Berinstein, A., Pérez Filgueira, M., Schudel, A., Zamorano, P., Borca, M., Sadir, A.M., 1993. Avridine and LPS from Brucella ovis: effect on the memory induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccination in mice. Vaccine 11, 1295-1301]. In this report, we analyze the effect of Avr in the improvement of the anti-FMDV immune response elicited in young animals immunized with a tetravalent vaccine. The anti-FMDV antibody response was evaluated using a liquid-phase blocking sandwich ELISA (LPBE) [Smitsaart, E.N., Zanelli, M., Rivera, I., Fondevila, N., Compaired, D., Maradei, E., Bianchi, T., O'Donnell, V., Schudel, A.A., 1998. Assessment using ELISA of the herd immunity levels induced in cattle by foot and mouth disease oil vaccines. Prev. Vet. Med 33, 283-296] while the cellular response was detected using an antigen specific lymphoproliferative test [Zamorano, P., Wigdorovitz, A., Chaher, M., Fernández, F., Sadir, A., Borca, M., 1994. Localization of B and T cell epitopes on a synthetic peptide containing the major immunogenic site of FMDV O1 Campos. Virology 201, 383-387]. The results show that, while no differences were detected in the cellular response, the anti-FMDV antibody reaction was significantly (<0.05) higher in animals immunized with the immunogen containing Avr. At 90 days post vaccination, 89-100% of the animals immunized with Avr presented predicted protection (PP) higher than 82% while just 50-61% of the animals immunized with vaccine without immunomodulator presented that characteristic. Also, it is shown that the increase in the anti-FMDV antibody titre in animals immunized with the vaccine containing Avr was mediated by an increase in the levels of both IgG1 and IgG2 which presented a significative correlation with LPELISA antibodies titres. It is concluded that the addition of Avr in the FMDV vaccines improve the immune status of the calves, the cattle population that suffers the highest epidemiological risk.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Teratoid cyst of the floor of the mouth.

Because the term 'dermoid' is frequently used in the literature, some authors believe that this term should be used for all congenital cysts of the floor of the mouth. Three subclasses of congenital floor of the mouth cysts are described in the literature: (1) epidermoid (simple) cysts, (2) dermoid (complex) cysts and (3) teratoid (complex) cysts. The teratoid cyst is the least common. Most of these cases present during the second and third decades of life, thus presentation during infancy is extremely rare. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. We present a 2-month old male who underwent expedient surgical excision for progressive airway compromise secondary to a teratoid cyst of the floor of the mouth. Radiographic and histopathologic evidence, as well as a review of the literature is presented.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2002

Use of molecular assay in diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 or coxsackievirus A 16.

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common illness in children and is usually caused by coxsackievirus A 16 and enterovirus 71. It has been noted that enterovirus 71 infection is more severe with significantly greater frequency of serious complications and fatality than coxsackievirus A 16. Therefore, it is important to develop a rapid and specific assay for discriminating coxsackievirus A 16 and enterovirus 71 in hand, foot and mouth disease outbreaks. In this study we designed two sets of RT-PCR primers specific for coxsackievirus A 16 and enterovirus 71. One hundred and eighty-nine viruses were evaluated for this molecular diagnosis assay. Among 110 enterovirus 71 strains, the enterovirus 71 specific primers gave clear signal for 107 clinical enterovirus 71 isolates and three reference enterovirus 71 strains. None of coxsackievirus A 16, other enteroviruses or non-enteroviruses show signal for enterovirus 71-specific primers. On the other hand, among 28 coxsackievirus A 16 strains, the coxsackievirus A 16-specific primers detect 27 clinical isolates and one reference strain but show no cross-reaction with other viruses. The molecular assay developed in this study provides a sensitive and specific way to distinguish coxsackievirus A 16 and enterovirus 71 induced hand, foot and mouth disease, which will be a useful rapid diagnostic method in future outbreaks.

Enterovirus↗