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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A proposed coast-wide reference monitoring system for evaluating wetland restoration trajectories in Louisiana.

Wetland restoration efforts conducted in Louisiana under the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act require monitoring the effectiveness of individual projects as well as monitoring the cumulative effects of all projects in restoring, creating, enhancing, and protecting the coastal landscape. The effectiveness of the traditional paired-reference monitoring approach in Louisiana has been limited because of difficulty in finding comparable reference sites. A multiple reference approach is proposed that uses aspects of hydrogeomorphic functional assessments and probabilistic sampling. This approach includes a suite of sites that encompass the range of ecological condition for each stratum, with projects placed on a continuum of conditions found for that stratum. Trajectories in reference sites through time are then compared with project trajectories through time. Plant community zonation complicated selection of indicators, strata, and sample size. The approach proposed could serve as a model for evaluating wetland ecosystems.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1990

A critical review of trend-detection methodologies for biomedical monitoring systems.

Information gained through early detection of patient vital sign changes typically can be used to anticipate future difficulties. Detection of these changes through monitoring, however, can be difficult. Many of the monitored processes are random in nature. For that reason simple threshold algorithms exhibit a high incidence of false alarms, which can decrease the operator's confidence in the monitor. Many problems associated with threshold-based biological monitors can be alleviated by introducing statistical detection techniques. The purpose of this review is to develop and critique the major trend detection algorithms used in biological monitors. This review contains an evolution of trend detection through current state-of-the-art algorithms.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A continuous glucose monitoring system based on microdialysis.

The development of a system for continuous glucose measurement is described. A microdialysis fibre is used to continuously withdraw the glucose sample. After passing through the microdialysis fibre the perfusion liquid enters a micro-enzyme reactor which is filled with immobilized glucose oxidase. The enzyme activity, which varies with the glucose concentration, is monitored by an oxygen electrode. The measuring system can be adapted to a desired dynamic range by varying the perfusion rate. The measurement system has been calibrated for two different perfusion rates and shows a linear response to glucose concentrations between 0-3.5 mmol at 12 microliters/min and 0-8 mmol at 25 microliters/min. A probe, which can be configured with different lengths of the dialysing fibre, has also been designed to enable subcutaneous insertion of the microdialysis fibre in clinical studies. Subcutaneous glucose sampling by means of microdialysis is suggested to be used in the design of a glucose monitoring device for clinical use.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

The spring balance: a simple monitoring system for fluid overload during hysteroscopic surgery.

Fluid overload may arise during hysteroscopic surgery, caused by absorption of fluid used to distend the uterus. Continuous monitoring of the fluid balance is required to prevent this serious complication. Commercial equipment does not serve this purpose adequately. We describe a simple solution. We weigh the inflow and outflow volumes together on a spring balance; this method provides information about fluid balance, since any fluid lost as spillage or by absorption is reflected by a loss of weight on the balance. The method is simple, accurate, and inexpensive, and the components can be purchased readily.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Southern California's marine monitoring system ten years after the National Research Council evaluation.

In 1990, the National Research Council (NRC) published two in-depth assessments of marine environmental monitoring effectiveness. The first of these, Managing Troubled Waters: The Role of Marine Environmental Monitoring, provided a national perspective and the second, Monitoring Southern California's Coastal Waters, examined the specifics of monitoring design and implementation in a densely populated, highly urbanized coastal region. The reports include explicit recommendations about the need for greater regionalization of monitoring efforts, supported by greater standardization of field, laboratory, and data analysis methods. They also identified the need for centralized data management and for greater flexibility in the language of standard discharge permits, flexibility that would permit discharge agencies to more readily participate in regional monitoring and research programs. Other recommendations identified a need for EPA and NOAA to focus on creating a national monitoring program structured as a network of coordinated local and regional efforts. Finally, the NRC emphasized the need for better reporting and for periodic review of monitoring's relevance to management concerns. In this paper, we use southern California as a test case to assess progress made in implementing the NRC's recommendations. We review progress made on each recommendation and discuss the features of the regulatory and management climate that contributed to or impeded this progress. We also consider whether, and to what extent, the NRC's recommendations remain relevant in the present context.

California↗
PubMed1992

[Valve movement of the mussel Dreissena polymorpha as a monitoring system for bodies of water].

A new biological "early warning system" for continuous water control is presented that is based on the valve movements of the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. For two groups of up to 42 mussels, both the percentage of open mussels and the number of valve movements during a time interval are used to describe the activity behaviour of the zebra mussel. A main prerequisite of such a biomonitor should be the knowledge of the "normal" behaviour in correlation to changing environmental conditions. Preliminary results in Dreissena demonstrate the influence of the temperature, the daily cycle of light and the food concentration on both characteristics of the activity pattern. During toxicity tests, the mussels reacted significantly within 3-30 minutes after the addition of a toxicant. This was normally observed by both the decrease of the percentage of open mussels and the increase of the number of valve movements. Therefore--and against the background of the well-known "normal" behaviour--reliable limits for the detection of a harassing event can be defined. First experiments with Pentachlorophenol, Lindane, Atrazine and 2-Nitrophenol demonstrated to some extent a higher sensitivity compared to other "early warning systems".

Animals↗