Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MMPI”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Construction and validation of an anorexia nervosa scale on the MMPI.

The article describes the construction and validation of an anorexia nervosa subscale (ANOR) on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The female subjects included 42 anorexic patients, 56 normal controls and 56 patient controls. Using an empirical discrimination procedure, 60 items contribute to the total homogeneity of the scale and the Chronbach's alpha is 0.86. The five items common with the Hysteria scale represent the highest number of common items with the main MMPI clinical scales. Crossvalidation findings support the results. Content analyses indicate that the ANOR covers important features of anorexia nervosa like a fear of sexual matters, disturbed social relations, rigidity, a depressed mood, low self esteem and a dissatisfaction with appearance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

MMPI personality profiles in patients with primary chronic daily headache: a case-control study.

We assessed the psychological profile of a large sample of patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) seen in tertiary care. We used a case-control design to study 791 patients who fell into the following categories: ARH group, chronic migraine with analgesic overuse (analgesic rebound headache, ARH), n=399; CM group, chronic migraine (CM) without analgesic overuse, n=158; and new daily persistent headache (NDPH) group, n=69. These groups were compared to two control groups: 1, migraine, n=100; 2, chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTH), n=65. We assessed personality and psychopathology with the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)-2. The number of patients with Tscores > or =65 and < or =40 were analyzed by the two-sided Fischer's exact test. The ARH and CM groups had a higher number of subjects with T-scores > or =65, when compared to the migraine group, on the following scales: 1 (hypochondrias), 2 (depression), 8 (schizophrenia) and 0 (social introversion). No differences were observed between the NDPH and migraine groups. Considering CPTH as the control group, the pattern we found was quite the opposite of that described above: NDPH group presented a higher number of subjects with T-scores > or =65 on the following scales: 1, 2, 7 (psychasthenia) and 8. ARH and CM groups had significantly higher T-scores for scale 7 alone. NDPH showed T-scores < or =40 in scale 9 when compared to both control groups. We conclude that: (1) psychopathological factors are common in CDH patients, and appear to be a consequence of the chronification process; (2) low scores on scale 9 (hypomania) may relate to the development of NDPH; (3) psychopathological profiles differ among the subgroups of CDH and the MMPI-2 is reliable in identifying such patterns; and (4) psychological assessment is an essential step in the evaluation and treatment of patients with CDH.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Algorithm of graphic interactive presentation and automatic correction of a complex personality inventory (MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)].

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) gives an evaluation of personality traits from one's positions relative to 550 items - short forms of the inventory may allow an estimate of reduced number of scales from a reduced number of items. This study describes the logical background of the selection and scoring of an arbitrarily defined short form of the MMPI. The use of the inventory via an interactive processor, much more effective than the commonly used item sets and manual scoring, is contributing to its development outside the clinical field.

Computers↗
PubMed1996

MMPI profiles of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Fifty-three patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and 43 healthy nonpatient controls completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). All subjects varied in their degree of seropositivity to active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as measured by their anti-early antigen titers. EBV titers were higher among CFS patients and were associated with being more symptomatic. Differences in patient status were associated with statistically significant elevations on 8 of 9 clinical scales, 4 of which also showed clinically significant elevations (T scores > or = 70): scales 1, 2, 3, and 8. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for intervention strategies associated with MMPI-based CFS subtypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Unreliability of nocturnal penile tumescence recording and MMPI profiles in assessment of impotence.

The authors describe a multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of impotence that includes the recording of nocturnal penile tumescence and analysis of the patient's MMPI profile. Ten patients were studied who, on the basis of physical and psychiatric assessment, were identified as being organically or psychogenically impotent. In each case, the application of decision rules based on either nocturnal penile tumescence or the MMPI would have led to misdiagnosis.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1991

MMPI measures of impulsivity and depression correlate with CSF 5-HIAA and HVA in depression but not schizophrenia.

Recent studies have linked impulsivity with CSF concentrations of both 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA). One work found a negative correlation between the MMPI psychopathic deviate (Pd) scale and 5-HIAA in personality disordered men (Brown et al., 1982). We found that the 5-HIAA/Pd correlation extends (P less than 0.05) to unmedicated depressed patients (n = 21). A trend was found between HVA and Pd in depression. There was no relationship between either metabolite and the Pd scale in unmedicated schizophrenics (n = 24). A significant inverse correlation was found between the MMPI depression scale and CSF HVA but not 5-HIAA in the depressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Use of an MMPI scale to predict antidepressant response to lithium.

Previous research has indicated that a subset of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) items may be able to predict antidepressant treatment response to lithium. Twenty-one patients with major depressive disorder were assigned to treatment with lithium based on this MMPI lithium response scale. Twenty lithium-assigned patients completed the 4-week trial. Sixty percent of these patients showed a 50% reduction in Hamilton depression scores. This response rate is similar to results obtained in studies using no selection criteria in the treatment of depression with lithium.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Relationship of patient semantic pain descriptions to physician diagnostic judgments, activity level measures and MMPI.

A consecutive sample of chronic pain patients presenting themselves for evaluation was studied. A set of 25 bi-polar adjectives was developed from medical records of previous pain patients' descriptions of their pain. Using the Semantic Differential (S-D) method, each patient rated the extent to which his/her pain was best described by either of the adjective pairs. The S-D findings were then compared with three other data sets and those data sets were compared with each other. First, six physicians classified each patient along an "organic"--"non-organic" continuum based on ratings derived from the full set of medical diagnostic labels each patient had accrued. Secondly, each patient, prior to examination, had completed up to two weeks of diary forms at home on which were recorded amount and distribution of time among sitting, standing/walking, and reclining. Finally, each patient completed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Few and only marginally significant relationships between patient semantic descriptions of their pain and the other measures were found. Secondly, physician agreement ot the "organic"--"non-organic" criterion, using diagnostic labels as their data, was statistically significant but clinically modest. The most substantial findings were between walking hours per week recorded on diary forms and five MMPI scales. Patients who walked more were less depressed, had fewer diffuse somatic complaints, and described themselves as less frustrated or angry and as less hypersensitive in interpersonal situations. The major conclusion of the study is that chronic pain patients present sets of interrelated problems too complex to be discriminated reliably by a single set of measures; particularly, by simple word sets.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

The MMPI and psychological factors in chronic low back pain: a review.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is widely used in the psychological assessment of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Patients' profiles have been used in a number of ways: in attempts to discriminate between cases; as predictors of both medical treatment and pain management program outcomes; and in attempts to assess degree of disability. Studies reviewed here indicate that the concept of psychological etiology of chronic LBP, despite widespread use, has failed to differentiate patients and to reliably predict response to specific treatment. A promising alternative approach has emerged in recent years: profile distinctions between different types of psychological response to chronic LBP. These subgroups are associated with different pain-related behaviors and may show differential response to various treatments, although further work remains to be done to specify the relationships more precisely. Methodological difficulties that continue to appear in the literature are addressed and recommendations for further developments in the use of the MMPI with this patient population are made.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1987

P-A-I-N: a four-cluster MMPI typology for chronic pain.

A 4-cluster empirically derived MMPI typology for chronic pain sufferers has been demonstrated by combining the results of 10 investigative teams. These MMPI 'types' have been labeled P-A-I-N and appear to have important clinical and demographic correlates. Type P is the most 'psychopathological' looking as nearly all scales are usually elevated. Type P patients are extreme in their claims of physical illness, psychological distress and social maladaptation. Demographic correlates include poor education, high rates of unemployment, and limited household income. Type A is defined by a 'conversion V' on the 'neurotic' triad scales. It has no unique correlates. Type I has elevations on all of the neurotic triad scales and on no others. Type I patients appear to be the most physically infirm with multiple surgeries and hospitalizations. They may not improve physical status with treatment, but appear to benefit psychologically. Type N profiles are 'normal' in that no scale, except perhaps scale K, is often elevated. Type N patients are moderate in their claims of ill health, often are better educated and employed, and appear to respond well to treatment. Classification rules have been proposed to allow patient-typing without a computer. Use of these rules should allow programmatic research into treatment/type interactions even in the ordinary clinical setting. The typology appears well enough established to allow for prospective studies to test theoretical hypotheses drawn from the literature base.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1988

Presentation of a new MMPI scale to predict outcome after first lumbar diskectomy.

In a pilot study MMPI was presented preoperatively to 57 patients operated for the first time for lumbar disk herniation. Six months and 24 months postoperatively, the patients were asked about their degree of pain, health status regarding back illness, and social functioning. An analysis of the individual MMPI questions in relation to outcome was performed, and on this basis we propose a new scale, the S.M. scale, which could predict poor outcome in either follow-up in 89% of the cases with poor outcome.

Back Pain↗
PubMed2006

Differentiation of adoptees at high versus low genetic risk for schizophrenia by adjusted MMPI indices.

The aim of this study was to find potential signs of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The differences between adoptees at high genetic risk for schizophrenia (their biological mother had a schizophrenia spectrum disorder) and control adoptees of non-schizophrenia spectrum biological mothers were assessed. The comparisons between these groups were based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test's subscale scores adjusted by gender, age at MMPI assessment, age at placement into the adoptive family and social class. The subjects were a subsamples of a total of 182 tested adoptees and 136 mentally healthy adoptees in the Finnish Adoptive Family Study. The high-risk group was found to be distinguishable from the low-risk group based on deviant scores on the Hostility, Hypomania and Lie scales. These scales may measure genetic vulnerability and also possibly be indicative of psychometric deviance predicting future onset of schizophrenia.

Adoption↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of MMPI profiles in medically and psychologically based insomnias.

The MMPI performance of two sub-groups of chronic insomniac patients was compared to determine if patients with psychologically based insomnia (Group 1) differed from those with medically based insomnia (Group 2). This was done to establish whether etiology of insomnia had an impact on the psychological picture. We postulated that Group 1 would show a higher overall incidence of psychopathology, particularly on scales suggesting internalization of distress. Surprisingly, the results revealed no significant differences between the groups with respect to these questions. When the two diagnostic groups were combined, the sample as a whole was characterized by a high overall prevalence of psychopathology. As many as 79.3% of the MMPI records contained one or more clinical scales in the pathological range. Depression was a prominent feature. Our findings emphasize the importance of not assuming that a patient with an organically-based insomnia (e.g. due to sleep apnea, etc.) is free of psychological disturbance. This, in turn, underscores the need for a psychological evaluation as a routine part of the diagnostic work-up of all insomniac patients, regardless of the etiology of their disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of MMPI patterns in patients with psychogenic pseudoseizures.

We performed pattern analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 55 patients with pseudoseizures in order to establish whether there was any single pattern which would be sufficient to characterize the entire sample. Two published methods of pattern analysis were used. Neither method revealed a single pattern or profile code which could best characterize the sample. The Graham method revealed that the Hysteria and Schizophrenia scales were most likely to be found among the profile leads, followed by the Depression, and to a lesser extent, the Hypochondriasis scales. According to the Friedman method, 30.9% of the records could be classified as 'spike', 'two-point code' or 'three-point code'. The most striking finding of the study is that 40% of the profiles had four or more clinical scale elevations. Furthermore, 91% of those profiles with multiple elevations had elevations on both the neurotic and psychotic scales. This suggests that a substantial proportion of MMPI profiles in this sample are complex, and the clinical picture which they reflect requires a broader scope of psychological analysis beyond that of a single psychological mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Rorschach and MMPI-2 indices of early psychotherapy termination.

This study was an investigation of the differences between 97 patients who had prematurely terminated psychotherapy (M = 1 session) and 81 who had participated in individual psychotherapy for at least 6 months and 24 sessions (M = 18 months/72 sessions) on selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 (MMPI-2) and Rorschach variables. None of the between-group comparisons using the MMPI-2 proved to be significant. However, a multivariate analysis of variance of 9 Rorschach variables in 3 conceptual categories--(a) interpersonal relatedness, (b) psychological resources versus resource demand, and (c) level of psychopathology--proved to be significant at p = .008. The Rorschach scores from the interpersonal-relational category proved to be the most robust in differentiating the 2 groups. The theoretical implications of interpersonal variables are discussed in relation to the termination and continuation of patients in psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

MMPI-2 profiles of adult women with child sexual abuse histories: cluster-analytic findings.

This study used a cluster analysis to examine the clinical profiles of female survivors of child sexual abuse. Eighty-five participants who presented for group therapy to deal specifically with issues related to sexual abuse completed the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2; J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989) as part of an extensive assessment procedure. The cluster-analytic procedure used in this study allowed 5 subgroups within the population to emerge, supporting the idea that women who report having been sexually abused as children are not a homogeneous group. Additional analyses indicated differences on the basis of cluster membership on the MMPI-2 content scales, as well other measures of psychological distress. The treatment implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Musculoskeletal status and disability of MMPI profile subgroups among patients with low back pain.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 205 male and 157 female patients with acute and chronic low back pain (LBP) were studied for replicable homogeneous subgroups using three cluster-analysis procedures. Two normal and three clinically elevated profile subgroups were identified. The two normal subgroups were characterized by relatively normal musculoskeletal condition and were least disabled, but they differed somewhat from each other in duration of pain, presence of physical abnormalities, and daily functioning. The third subgroup had the following characteristics: an elevated neurotic triad, greatest duration of symptoms, most abnormal physical findings, greatest limitation of motion, most pain complaints during physical examination, and the fewest number of intact functional activities. The fourth subgroup, with an elevated neurotic triad plus subclinical elevations on other scales, had somewhat less musculoskeletal impairment but had extensive work disability, financial compensation, and previous surgeries. The fifth and most pathologic profile subgroup surprisingly consisted largely of acute-pain patients whose musculoskeletal condition and daily functioning were similar to those of the normal subgroups. Patients in the three abnormal MMPI subgroups were exposed to more LBP physical-risk factors in the workplace. Implications for psychological treatment with these different profile types are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Detection of coached general malingering on the MMPI-2.

The current study examined the effects of validity-scale coaching on one's ability to feign general psychopathology. College students were coached on malingering strategies and completed the MMPI-2. Their responses were compared with students asked to malinger psychopathology without validity-scale coaching and with psychiatric inpatients completing the MMPI-2 under standard instructions. In accordance with previous research (e.g., J. R. Graham, D. Watts, & R. E. Timbrook, 1991), uncoached malingerers were adequately discriminated from patients by using the Infrequency (F) scale. However, as suggested by previous research (R. Rogers, R. M. Bagby, & D. Chakraborty, 1993), the F scale was not as effective at classifying coached malingerers. It was found that other validity indicators, such as the Infrequency Psychopathology Scale were more accurate at discriminating between coached malingerers and hospitalized patients.

Adolescent↗