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PubMed1997

Hyaluronan in joint disease.

Hyaluronan is a major component of synovial fluid. It is synthesized in the joint and partly degraded in joint capsule and partly carried by lymph to lymph nodes and the general circulation. During various joint disorders, especially inflammatory ones, the amount of hyaluronan in the joint and its turnover rate are increased leading to pathologically high serum levels of the polysaccharide. These levels are a complex function of synovitis mass and the physical activity of the patient. Intra-articular injection of hyaluronan has been used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Although it results in a relief of pain, controlled clinical trials have not yet convincingly shown any beneficiary effects of the treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Blockage of interleukin-6 receptor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS: CIA was induced by immunizing twice at a 3-week interval with bovine type II collagen (CII) emulsified with complete adjuvant. Rat anti-mouse IL-6 receptor (anti-IL-6R) monoclonal antibody MR16-1 or isotype-matched control antibody KH-5 was then injected once intraperitoneally. Symptoms of arthritis were evaluated with a visual scoring system, and serum anti-CII antibody and IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the CII responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes from mice with CIA was examined. RESULTS: In mice with CIA, excess production of IL-6 in sera was observed within 24 hours after the first CII immunization, and then rapidly decreased. Serum IL-6 increased again beginning 14 days after immunization, in conjunction with the onset of arthritis. When MR16-1 was injected immediately after immunization with CII, it inhibited the development of arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MR16-1-treated mice exhibited lower serum levels of IgG anti-CII antibody and reduced responsiveness of lymphocytes to CII. This suppressive effect was observed when MR16-1 was injected on day 0 or 3, but not when injected on day 7 or 14. CONCLUSION: IL-6 produced after CII immunization appears to play an essential role in the immunity to CII, and anti-IL-6R antibody reduces the development of CIA by suppressing IL-6 signal transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The contribution of William Hunter (1718-1783) to the study of bone and joint disease.

William Hunter (1718-1783), the elder of the two famous Hunter brothers, is best known for his remarkable book The Anatomy to the Human Gravid Uterus, and for his contributions to the art of midwifery. However, Hunter also made significant observations in cardiovascular disease, in comparative anatomy, and paleopathology. It is perhaps not sufficiently known that he also made significant contributions in rheumatic disease, and in particular, the anatomy and physiology of cartilage.

Bone Diseases↗