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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the lavage of the digestive tract on microflora in patients with polyps in the large intestine].

The microbial status of the intestine and the influence of lavage with polyethylene glycol and balanced electrolyte solution (PEG + E), used in the process of the preparation of patients to polypectomy, on this status were evaluated. The study of microflora was made before oral lavage after, and 48-72 hours later its completion. For control, a group of healthy volunteers, also subjected to oral lavage with PEG + E, was used. The lavage of the digestive tract with PEG + E led to a sharp change in the microbial status in both groups. Some microorganisms, previously absent in the intestine, were found after lavage. The processes of the restoration of intestinal microflora after lavage in healthy volunteers and in patients with polyps had certain differences. In healthy volunteers intestinal microflora was completely restored, and even improved, 48-72 hours after lavage with PEG + E, while at the expiration of this time intestinal microflora in the patients with polyps could be characterized as dysbiotic.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopy-assisted resection for multiple polyps of the small intestine in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a father and daughter story.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an infrequently encountered disease with potential complications including bleeding, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, and malignant transformation. We report on two patients, father and daughter, with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome who were admitted to hospital with similar complaints of abdominal pain. The father was 37 years old and the daughter was 17. Physical examination and laboratory tests revealed small intestinal intussusception in both patients. In the daughter, the intussuscepted segment was resected. An electrosurgical snare was also used for enteroscopic excision of multiple jejunal and ileal polyps. In the father, two 4-cm polyps were surgically resected while an enteroscopic surgical snare was used for polyps of smaller size. Both patients were discharged on postoperative day 7.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Possibilities of partial and total biopsy of polyps of the large intestine during fiber-colonoscopy].

222 electric polypectomies were performed in the course of fibrocolonoscopy carried out in 114 patients. The results of examination of 172 removed neoplasms testified to the high effectiveness of the procedure in identifying the morphological structure of colonic polyps. Due to application of endoscopic polypectomy, which is essentially a total biopsy, histological diagnosis obtained on the basis of aiming biopsy was improved or modified in 67% of cases. However, aiming biopsy should be used because more than 20% of resected polyps fail to be removed from colonic lumen.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

The prevalence of polyps of the large intestine in Oslo: an autopsy study.

The colon and rectum were removed from 445 consecutive autopsies and examined for the presence of polypoid lesions under an illuminating magnifying lens. There were seven clinically undiagnosed carcinomas, 329 adenomas, 174 hyperplastic polyps, 59 mucosal tags, 34 other polypoid lesions, and 54 polyps in which no histologic diagnosis could be made. Adenomas were present in 34% of the men and 32% of the women. The adenoma prevalence rate increased smoothly with age in men, whereas the rate in women showed a biphasic variation with a peak at 50--59 years followed by a second increase after 70 years of age. The distribution of adenomas within the bowel showed a marked change with age, from a moderate left-sided predominance before 60 years of age to a marked right-sided predominance in patients over 80 years of age, particularly in men. Hyperplastic polyps were present in 27% of the men and 18% of the women. In men, their frequency and distribution within the bowel showed similar changes with age as were seen for the adenomas. In women, no such age-dependency was observed for hyperplastic polyps. Multiplicity of polyps increased with age and was more pronounced in men than in women. Adenomas in women tended to be larger, more atypical, and more villous than in men. A comparison with a similar study from Northern Norway showed no difference in the prevalence of adenomas in spite of a 70% higher incidence rate for colorectal cancer in Oslo.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

The histopathology of bleeding from polyps and carcinomas of the large intestine.

Carcinomas, adenomas and nonneoplastic polyps of the large intestine were examined histopathologically for evidence of recent and old hemorrhage. Three percent of the carcinomas lacked evidence of hemorrhage, as did 7% of the adenomas. Fifty percent of hyperplastic polyps were negative for hemorrhage, but 23% had considerable hemorrhage or hemosiderin. These findings may have a bearing on the results in fecal occult blood testing for the detection of cancer. Carcinomas bleed mainly from erosions on their luminal surface, but adenomas rarely show this feature. Twisting and bending of polyps, leading to fracture of fronds, and vascular obstruction, with passive congestion and stromal hemorrhage, appear to be the main sources of bleeding in polyps. Adenomas on the left side of the large intestine showed greater evidence of bleeding than did lesions on the right, but carcinomas did not show this relationship. Factors correlated with more severe hemorrhage were size, pedunculation, and villous growth of adenomas; for carcinomas, they were size, lack of mucin content, and lower differentiation. The age and sex of the patient and the extent of spread of carcinomas did not correlate with hemorrhage.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Dietary fat influences on polyp phenotype in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice.

Significant differences in colon cancer incidence worldwide have led to the hypothesis that this variation can be explained largely by environmental, notably dietary influences. Although a positive correlation between dietary fat intake and incidence is suggested from some human epidemiological and rodent carcinogenesis studies, a direct association remains contentious. Using a spontaneous mouse tumor model of multiple intestinal neoplasia, we demonstrate that there is a generalized increase in tumor counts, in both the large and small bowel with higher dietary fat [standard (3%) fat versus high (15%) fat diet (mean +/- SD) 1.59 +/- 1.46 vs. 3.85 +/- 2.37 P < 0.001 and 21.36 +/- 7.4 vs. 31.3 +/- 9.7, respectively, P < 0.001]. Increasing dietary fat also increases polyp size in the small bowel. These changes appear independent of total calorific intake as assessed by body weights. Halving the crude fiber intake together with an increase in dietary fat from 3% to 10% did not have as marked an effect on tumor counts as an increase of fat alone to 15%, which also decreased survival (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that increasing dietary fat intake from weaning can have a significant adverse effect on polyp numbers in mice genetically predisposed to intestinal tumor development. A further understanding of the biology of this interaction may provide novel strategies aimed at both colonic polyp prevention and treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Joint occurrence of spinal anomalies and colonic diverticula].

We investigated the radiographs of 125 patients with respect to variations of intestines (diverticula, polyps, carcinomas) and simultaneous anomalies in vertebral column (fissure of vertebral arches, asymmetric growth of vertebral arches, deterioration of ribs, fusing of vertebrae). There is a significant correlation between diverticula of colon and anomalies in vertebral column, whereas we found no correlation between other variations of intestines (polyps, carcinomas) and anomalies in vertebral columns. It is according to the theory of syndrome anomalies if there is an embryogenesis relation between anomalies of intestines and vertebral column.

Diverticulum, Colon↗
PubMed1995

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas and inflammatory cloacogenic polyps of the large intestine.

AIMS: To compare proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoexpression in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and inflammatory cloacogenic polyps of the human colon and rectum using paraffin wax embedded tissue. METHODS: The monoclonal antibody PC10 was used to demonstrate PCNA immunoreactivity in 88 polypoid lesions from 68 patients. Cases in which immunoexpression was completely absent were excluded, leaving 32 hyperplastic polyps, 31 adenomas, and seven inflammatory cloacogenic polyps for analysis. Labelling indices for the upper and lower third of each lesion and for adjacent normal mucosa were calculated. RESULTS: The upper third labelling indices for adenomas were substantially higher than those for hyperplastic polyps or normal mucosa, whereas those for the upper thirds of hyperplastic polyps and normal mucosa did not differ greatly. The differences between the lower third samples were not significant. In 16 (50%) hyperplastic polyps positive cells persisted onto the luminal surface. Some adenomas showed the most intense staining and the highest labelling indices in the upper third, with strong staining of surface cells; this pattern was not seen in the other lesions. The inflammatory cloacogenic polyps did not show a consistent pattern of immunoexpression. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in cell kinetics between adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, and normal mucosa may be shown in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue using PC10 as a marker of proliferative activity. PCNA expression also persists into the upper portions of hyperplastic polyps. Assuming that hyperplastic polyps are hypermature lesions with a slower rate of cell migration, this finding suggests that there may be an alteration in PCNA protein metabolism.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

[Early diagnosis of polypous lesions of the large intestine].

Under consideration were some problems of the primary diagnosis of polypous affection of the colon in 302 patients. In 73.2% of cases with the clinical symptoms the lesion was not diagnosed in due course, some diagnostic errors are discussed, and these are shown to be dependent on some specific features of the initial period of the disease. There were distinguished 5 variants of initial manifestations of polypous colonic lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Histogenesis of adenomatous polyps in the human large intestine.

Detailed histologic analyses have been performed in 75, minute, colorectal polyps from familial polyposis patients. All polyps were composed of typical adenomatous tissue, with, in addition, some normal-looking glands still to be found among the neoplastic elements. Bifurcating glands were not observed, and branching patterns were present in 27% of the polyps only. In 86% of the lesions, the number of gland openings along the polyp surface was larger than the number of gland bases observed along the muscularis mucosae. This difference increased with polyp size (r = 0.9043). Those data, together with previous radioautographic observations, suggest that formation of new adenomatous glands mainly results from an infolding of the surface epithelium between normal, preexisting glands. This mechanism sharply contrasts with villous polyps in which papillary projections arise upwards from the mucosal surface.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗