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PubMedDate not supplied

Exploring new frontiers in advertising.

What will be the next stage in the on-going healthcare services marketing revolution? The city of Madison, Wisconsin has hosted a preview of the new frontier. According to a media spending report, the area's six HMOs, an insurance carrier, and local hospitals spent over $500,000 in one month on media advertising expenditures in a battle to enroll patients in prepaid health plans. Despite initial physician reluctance, the scramble for healthcare dollars has made the packaging and sale of medical services a reality of today.

Advertising↗
PubMed1984

An ethical obligation to ensure access to new medical technologies?

Because of health care's special status, society has an ethical obligation to ensure that all people have access to an adequate level of health care (including access to new technologies as well as existing ones), without facing excessive burdens in obtaining such care. Society's recognition and implementation of this obligation is all the more important because market forces, alone, will not produce appropriate distribution of health care resources. For those making decisions about resource allocation, ethical pitfalls can best be avoided if policy formulation is differentiated from clinical decisions about specific patients' access to care. The latter can and should be made by each patient's physician, but, to be effective, the former must be accomplished in broadly based political processes by both health care professionals and others. Further, decision making about access to new technologies should begin early in the research and development process, and should involve Medicare and other insurance carriers that will be called upon to pay for the technology. This course is highly preferable to waiting until the technology is ready for wide use--as is now common--and only then deciding whether to pay for it.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1985

Deaths during general anesthesia: technology-related, due to human error, or unavoidable? An ECRI technology assessment.

More than 2,000 healthy Americans die each year during general anesthesia, and at least half of these deaths may be preventable. Anesthetists and equipment manufacturers have made considerable progress in improving anesthesia safety. However, much more needs to be done, especially in "human-factors" areas such as improved training, consistent use of preanesthesia checklists, and anesthetists' willingness to enhance their vigilance by using appropriate monitoring equipment. While defective equipment and supplies are the direct cause of relatively few deaths, inexpensive oxygen analyzers and disconnect alarms could, if available in more ORs, warn anesthetists in time to convert many deaths to near misses. Some anesthetists are using other monitoring technologies that are more costly, but can detect a wider range of problems. The anesthesia community could expand its anesthesia-safety leadership and guidance, by improving technology-related training and by developing practice standards for anesthetists and safety standards for equipment. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals could impose specific safety requirements on hospitals; malpractice insurance carriers could require anesthetists and hospitals to use monitors and alarms during all procedures; and the Food and Drug Administration could actively stimulate and oversee these efforts and perhaps provide seed money for some of them. The necessary equipment costs would likely be offset by long-term savings in malpractice premiums, as anesthesia incidents are the most costly of all types of malpractice claims. Concerted efforts such as these could greatly reduce the number of avoidable anesthesia-related deaths.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1986

The malpractice insurance crisis: why?

The malpractice insurance crisis of today is the second such crisis in recent history. This article traces the development and underlying causes of the insurance crises of the mid 1970s and mid 1980s. Possible solutions to this crisis are offered, including tort reform and better patient-physician relationships.

Insurance Carriers↗