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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Enzymeimmunoassay of oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone in urine samples from female mice before and after insemination.

ELISA measurements of 17beta-oestradiol, testosterone and progesterone were determined for urine samples collected non-invasively from female mice. Initial samples were collected during 5 successive days while mature female mice were isolated and cyclic. Subsequently, female mice were inseminated and additional urine samples were collected during days 2-6 after observation of copulatory plugs. Measurements of oestradiol and testosterone showed variance over days within individuals and did not significantly differ in measurements taken before or after insemination. Progesterone concentrations were significantly higher after insemination compared with before mating. In a second sample of inseminated females, urinary progesterone was measured during days 2-18 of pregnancy. Most females showed high urinary progesterone up to day 10 of pregnancy and lower concentrations during the remainder of gestation. These results indicate that urinary progesterone reflects established systemic increases of this hormone during pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Micro-insemination: genetic aspects.

Micro-insemination involves sperm deposition directly into oocytes. This can be by transfer of sperm (Micro-Insemination Sperm Transfer, or MIST) or by micro-injection into the ooplasm (Micro-Insemination Micro-Injection into Cytoplasm, or MIMIC). Micro-insemination is indicated in spermatozoa with no or very poor motility, very low density, multiple defects, or inability to penetrate oocyte vestments. There is a 10% incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in spermatozoa from fertile and normal men. However, there is no increase in sperm chromosomal abnormalities in men with normal peripheral karyotypes and highly abnormal sperm parameters. Preliminary results of karyotypes of human oocytes that failed to become fertilized after MIST and mouse morulae and blastocysts produced after MIST reveal that there was no significant increase in aneuploidy or polyploidy. There is evidence that MIMIC may result in increased abnormal sperm karyotypes. Polyspermy is low in the mouse and human after transfer of multiple spermatozoa into the perivitelline space, thus suggesting an oolemmal block. However, blastomere membranes do not fuse with spermatozoa, as observed in a study of MIST into human embryos. Zona drilling with acid is not advised because of disturbances to chromosomal kinetics. The conclusion of this review is that MIST does not result in an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities, while caution must be exercised with MIMIC.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of interspecies hybrid of cranes by artificial insemination with frozen semen].

Studies of artificial insemination of cranes and cryoconservation of their semen have been carried out in the nursery of rare species at the Oka Biosphere Reserve for many years. The criterion of successful cryoconservation of the semen is the obtaining of fertilized eggs after artificial insemination by the thawed semen. An experiment is described on artificial insemination of females of the white-naped crane Grus vipio by the frozen-thawed semen of the Siberian white crane G. leucogeranus after one-year storage of semen in liquid nitrogen. As a result, an interspecific hybrid of cranes was obtained, which confirmed the possibility of producing a bank of cryoconserved crane semen. The use of the white-naped crane females was due to the absence of conspecific males and unavailability of Siberian white crane females. Problems of artificial insemination and cryoconservation of semen of rare crane species are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Sexual receptivity of the female and insemination power of the male Culex pipiens autogenicus (Diptera, Culicidae). The cases of strict monogamy and occasional polygamy].

Females of Culex pipiens autogenicus generally have two refractory periods: post-emergence refractory period (during the first 48 hrs. after emergence) and post-insemination refractory period. Males of Culex pipiens autogenicus can inseminate 2 to 3 females. After the 4th insemination he can no longer completely fulfill his reproductory role. Therefore the female can inseminated by another male.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Factors responsible for multiple pregnancies after ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination with gonadotropins.

PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken in order to analyze possible factors that could be responsible for multiple pregnancies in normoovulatory women undergoing superovulation with gonadotropins and intrauterine artificial insemination. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed several clinical parameters in patients that achieved gestation with this treatment. Patients were divided into two groups depending on sperm origin (husband and donor sperm). Furthermore, they were subclassified as follows: (a) cycles resulting in single pregnancies (n = 366), (b) cycles ending in multiple pregnancies (n = 126), and (c) a control group composed of unsuccessful cycles (n = 366). RESULTS: In cycles employing husband's sperm, the age, number of cycles necessary to reach pregnancy, serum estradiol (E2) levels, and number of follicles were significantly (P < 0.05) different in multiple pregnancies compared to single or nonpregnant cycles. In donor insemination, women with multiple pregnancies were significantly younger than nonpregnant patients. There was a significant increase in the number of follicles developed (P < 0.00001) and serum E2 levels on the day of hCG (P < 0.05) in multiple compared to single pregnancies and unsuccessful cycles. The number of motile sperm in the insemination specimen was not different among the established groups. When both types of treatments were grouped, pregnant patients were significantly (P < 0.00001) younger than women with failed cycles. In addition, multifetal pregnancies were significantly (P < 0.05) more frequent in women < 30 years old. E2 production was significantly (P < 0.00008) higher in twin and multifetal pregnancies than in single or nonpregnant cycles. Follicular development was also significantly (P < 0.00001) higher in twin and multifetal pregnancies compared to failed cycles. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that young women (< 30 years) who develop more than six follicles with E2 > 1000 pg/ml when stimulated with gonadotropins are at higher risk of multiple gestation. These data may be helpful in preventing this undesired complication of assisted reproduction techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Retrograde ejaculation: a more convenient method for artificial insemination.

A case of retrograde ejaculation not responding to medical treatment is described in which the problem of sterility was overcome by artificial insemination. The semen was collected from urine after coitus by previous alkalinization with 1.63 g NaHCO3 once daily. Pregnancy occurred at the 4th insemination during the 1st treatment cycle. This technique seems to be the most suitable for artificial insemination in cases of retrograde ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Sixteen years' experience with therapeutic donor insemination.

Therapeutic donor insemination was performed in 107 "normal" patients, using an intracervical technique and two inseminations per cycle on alternate days. Seventy-seven patients became pregnant (71.9%), and 103 conceptions occurred. Of these pregnancies, 72.8% occurred in the first 3 months of treatment and 95.2% occurred within 6 months. The spontaneous abortion rate was 18.4% The number of females born was slightly higher (54%) than the number of males (46%). There was one complication in this series (acute pelvic inflammatory disease), most probably due to inadvertent intrauterine (endometrial) insemination.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1978

Insemination of husband's semen with and without the addition of caffeine.

Four hundred cervicovaginal artificial inseminations using husband's semen were carried out for a variety of clinical indications. Before insemination, to one-half of the samples caffeine was added to a final concentration of 6 mM. Although the motility of the spermatozoa was enhanced in each case, no pregnancies were achieved. Of the four pregnancies in the series, only one could be attributed to artificial insemination.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1979

The value of hysterosalpingography prior to donor artificial insemination.

The value of hysterosalpingography as a tool in the pretreatment evaluation of candidates for donor artificial insemination has been retrospectively evaluated. In 89 consecutive artificial inseminations by donor candidates, hysterosalpingograms were evaluated for genital tract abnormalities. In only four of these studies was there a failure of dye to spill into the peritoneal cavity. The low incidence of significantly abnormal hysterosalpingographic studies, and the failure of these studies to correlate with pregnancy outcome, strongly argues against the use of hysterosalpingography in the preliminary evaluation of the patient considered for donor artificial insemination.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The basal body temperature chart in artificial insemination by donor pregnancy cycles.

The basal body temperature (BBT) charts in pregnancy cycles of 110 consecutive women who became pregnant by a single heterologous insemination were studied. The occurrence of ovulation was proved by the pregnancies in each case. All of these pregnancy charts showed a biphasic pattern, and most followed one of three stated types. The charts of 10 pregnancies that ended in miscarriage were no different from those 100 charts of pregnancies that proceeded to live births. No pregnancies occurred when artificial insemination by donor (AID) was performed before day 11 of the cycle or 2 or more days after the temperature elevation. Of 94 singleton pregnancies, 56 (60%) were male and 38 (40%) were female. This male predominance had not been noted previously. Knowledge of the appearance of a typical pregnancy chart is useful not only in the diagnosis of certain causes of infertility but also in the accurate timing of artificial insemination. Previous work on the association between the BBT chart and ovulation compared the chart with various tests of presumptive ovulation. In this series the charts were studied in ovulatory cycles proven by pregnancy.

Basal Metabolism↗
PubMed1987

Homologous artificial insemination for oligoasthenospermia: a randomized controlled study comparing intracervical and intrauterine techniques.

Homologous artificial insemination (AIH) is used to treat infertility caused by oligoasthenospermia, despite the lack of controlled studies confirming its benefit. This prospective randomized controlled trial was undertaken to determine whether intracervical (IC-AIH) or intrauterine (IU-AIH) homologous artificial insemination improves pregnancy rates in couples with infertility attributable to oligoasthenospermia alone. Twenty couples were randomized to receive IC-AIH or IU-AIH. Sixty-three insemination cycles were completed. During the same study period, 35 cycles with timed vaginal intercourse alone were assessed. Four pregnancies occurred, all following timed vaginal intercourse. No pregnancies resulted from IC-AIH or IU-AIH. This suggests that neither IC-AIH nor IU-AIH is of benefit when oligoasthenospermia is the cause of infertility. Pregnancies previously attributed to AIH may also have been conceived as a result of vaginal intercourse. This confounding effect on the results of AIH should always be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple gestation is associated with the use of high sperm numbers in the intrauterine insemination specimen in women undergoing gonadotropin stimulation.

Over a 27-month period, the authors observed 70 pregnancies in 66 women following intrauterine insemination (IUI) in conjunction with human menopausal gonadotropins/human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG) stimulation. Excluding ectopic pregnancies (n = 3) and spontaneous miscarriages (n = 15) during the first 10 weeks of gestation, 14 of the 52 pregnancies (27%) included multiple fetuses: nine twins, four triplets, and one quadruplet. Analysis of patient characteristics and clinical management, as well as semen characteristics of the conception cycle, revealed a significant correlation between gestation type (multiple versus singleton) and the total number of motile sperm in the IUI inseminate (P less than 0.01, Fisher's exact test). General linear models procedures did not identify additional significant relationships between various combinations of parameters examined and the gestation type. The authors conclude that IUI with high numbers of motile sperm constitutes a risk factor in the genesis of multiple gestation. The risk of multiple gestation rises significantly when the inseminate contains more than 20 million motile sperm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Improved cryopreserved semen fecundability in an alternating fresh-frozen artificial insemination program.

This study with glycerol and increased number of motile sperm inseminated showed an increase in f to 10.4% for frozen semen and 27.4% for fresh semen. There is a significant (P less than 0.01) difference in pregnancy rate when greater than 100 million motile sperm are inseminated (31.3%) than when less than that number are inseminated (11.9%) in the first cycle when frozen semen is used.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Improved conception rate after intrauterine insemination of washed spermatozoa from men with poor quality semen.

The efficacy of high intrauterine insemination of a washed motile fraction of spermatozoa from men with poor quality semen on the day after the luteinising hormone (LH) surge was compared with that of natural intercourse based on symptothermal methods and a single act of intercourse timed on the day after the LH surge in the same 35 couples in a controlled and randomised trial of the three types of cycle. Each couple had been trying to conceive for at least 3 years, the woman being potentially fertile and the only detectable defect related to poor semen quality. After 39 intrauterine insemination cycles, 8 women conceived (all in their first insemination cycle); this procedure was significantly more successful than LH-timed intercourse (0/38; p less than 0.05) and natural intercourse timed by symptothermal methods (1/34; p = 0.022). The technique of intrauterine AIH, with a 'Tomcat' catheter, was simple, painless, and uncomplicated.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Intrauterine insemination: is it an effective treatment for male factor infertility?

Results were collected from 11 studies comparing intrauterine insemination (IUI) with intracervical insemination (ICI) of frozen donor semen, 10 studies comparing IUI with timed natural intercourse (NI) or ICI in couples with semen defects and seven studies comparing ICI with NI or ICI in couples with unexplained infertility. IUI significantly increased the pregnancy rate relative to favourably timed ICI in donor insemination (DI) with frozen semen both with and without gonadotrophin stimulation of the female partner (odds ratios (95% confidence interval) 1.92 (1.02-3.61) and 2.63 (1.52-4.54) respectively). The benefit of IUI tended to be less when the pregnancy rate for ICI was high and IUI had no benefit with fresh donor semen. Overall IUI was of significant benefit in the male factor couples compared with NI-ICI (odds ratio 2.20 (1.43-3.39) and the advantage appeared to be maintained when comparison was confined to properly timed ICI although the odds ratios were not significantly greater than 1. IUI had no benefit relative to favourably timed NI-ICI for couples with unexplained infertility; an apparent advantage overall was produced by studies where NI was late. None of the studies on male factor used a sperm function test to define male subfertility and three only included couples with good mucus penetration by sperm. The range of semen defects defined was such that many couples would have had a good chance of conceiving naturally given a normal female partner but nevertheless the overall pregnancy rate (4.8%) was considerably less than in the unexplained group (11.6%), suggesting that some sperm dysfunction was present. We conclude that the available evidence suggests that IUI is valuable for DI with cryopreserved semen and for couples with mild to moderately impaired semen quality and postulate that it overcomes failure to fertilize due to impaired mucus penetration and poor survival in the female reproductive tract.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed1985

[Intrauterine homologous insemination as a trial treatment in oligo- and oligoasthenozoospermia].

Homologous insemination, a successful treatment for subfertile couples which utilizes a new method of preparation of the ejaculate, is described. To date 264 intrauterine inseminations have been performed in 106 couples. Determination of the causes of infertility, timing of ovulation and new methods of sperm preparation are the most important factors responsible for the high rate of pregnancies. Up to now 23 of the patients treated have become pregnant (22.8%). On average, 2.5 inseminations per patient have been performed. These data represent a significant improvement on the often-used cap-method.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Screening to reduce transmission of sexually transmitted diseases in semen used for artificial insemination.

The practice of artificial insemination by donor semen is increasing in the United States. Many sexually transmitted organisms are found in semen, but screening procedures for the detection of these agents in donor semen have not been standardized. Sexually transmitted organisms have been transmitted during artificial insemination by donor, and such transmission can cause local, disseminated, or fatal disease in the recipient woman and may harm the fetus or newborn. Therefore, screening of both the donor and the donated semen is necessary to avoid infectious complications. Because semen samples cannot be evaluated completely on the day of donation, the use of fresh semen for artificial insemination should be discouraged. Until accurate, rapid diagnostic tests are available, only frozen semen that has been appropriately screened should be used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A comparative evaluation of intracervical and intrauterine routes in donor therapeutic insemination.

The relative efficiency of intrauterine insemination with washed spermatozoa versus intracervical deposition of semen was examined in donor insemination for therapeutic reasons. Fecundability in a group of 26 women who desired insemination as a treatment for azoospermia or severe astheno-oligozoospermia in their partner was comparable, despite the 10-fold higher numbers employed using the intracervical route.

Cervix Uteri↗