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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Social position, social roles and women's health in England: changing relationships 1984-1993.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between social roles, social position and health in English women using theoretically derived measures of social position. Data are taken from the Health and Lifestyle Survey, carried out between 1984-1985, and the Health Survey for England of 1993. First the paper asks whether health inequality in women is still evident when theoretically derived measures (the Erikson-Goldthorpe schema and the Cambridge scale) are used. It goes on to explore the extent to which different combinations of family roles and employment circumstances might affect social variations in health. Finally, the paper shows that health differences between women in different combinations of social roles were not the same in 1993 as in 1984 and examines some reasons why this change may have occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Changing living conditions, life style and health.

Human health is the result of the interaction of genetic, nutritional, socio-cultural, economic, physical infrastructure and ecosystem factors. All of the individual, social, cultural and socioeconomic factors are influenced by the environment they are embedded in and by changes in this environment. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the influence of environmental change on living conditions and life style and some of the mechanisms through which such changes affect physical and mental health. The interrelationship between environmental and societal change is illustrated by an example from a small community in Greenland, where changing environmental conditions have influenced fishing and employment opportunities to the extent that the size of the population has changed dramatically. The link between social change and health is shown with reference to studies on education, housing and occupation as well as life style changes. The paper further illustrates the relationship between the rapid socio-cultural and economic change and the health of the population. Psychosocial stress is reflected in problems such as alcohol abuse, violence and suicide, and these factors have been shown in studies on migration and transitions in health to be connected to changes in lifestyle and living conditions.

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing use of the emergency department by the elderly in the United Arab Emirates, 1989 and 1999.

Changes in use by the elderly of the emergency department of a major hospital in Al-Ain in the years 1989 and 1999 were examined. All patients aged 65 years or older who attended the emergency room were included in this cross-sectional survey. Patient numbers rose from 321 in 1989 to 1347 in 1999 with no significant change in the female to male ratio of 0.78 or the mean age of the elderly attendees 72.9 +/- 7.4 years. Attendance rose 5.4 fold while non-urgent attendance rose 14.7 fold, demonstrating rising use but falling illness severity over time.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2004

Planning a family: priorities and concerns in rural Tanzania.

A fertility survey using qualitative and quantitative techniques described a high fertility setting (TFR 5.8) in southern Tanzania where family planning use was 16%. Current use was influenced by rising parity, educational level, age of last born child, breastfeeding status, a preference for longer than the mean birth interval (32 months), not being related to the household head, and living in a house with a tin roof. Three principal concerns amongst women were outlined from the findings. First, that there is a large unmet need for family planning services in the area particularly among teenagers for whom it is associated with induced abortion. Second, that family planning is being used predominantly for spacing but fears associated with it often curtail effective use. Third, that service provision is perceived to be lacking in two main areas--regularity of supply, and addressing rumours and fears associated with family planning. Reproductive health interventions in the area should ultimately be more widespread and, in particular, abortion is highlighted as an urgent issue for further research. The potential for a fast and positive impact is high, given the simplicity of the perceived needs of women from this study.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2004

The Women's Health Initiative could not have detected cardioprotective effects of starting hormone therapy during the menopausal transition.

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized controlled trial failed to show cardioprotection by estrogen plus progestin treatment of postmenopausal women. But by design, the WHI population was 10-fold underpowered to show cardioprotection of women starting hormone treatment during the menopausal transition. Thus, observational studies that showed cardioprotection in such women remain the only applicable clinical guide to this issue. Randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to test cardioprotection in women starting treatment during the menopausal transition.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Nursing and health care for an aging society: the case of The Netherlands.

1. Demographic developments in European and western countries are not unique. Nurses should embrace the opportunity to learn from each others' care and research initiatives for the elderly population. 2. Current transitions in health care systems should be seized as an opportunity to further establish and develop the nursing profession, for example, through joining and initiating multidisciplinary initiatives. 3. The aging population is the fastest growing population in a number of countries. The training, recruitment, and retainment of nursing staff are key to continuously provide high quality care for the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Physical growth in a transitional economy: the aftermath of South African apartheid.

The economic transition in developing countries is not always the result of the change from a centrally-planned to a free-market economy, but may be found within an already existing free-market economy as a result of profound political change, as in South Africa. The release of Nelson Mandela in February 1990 heralded an end both to the political system of apartheid and to the concomitant social, political, and economic disenfranchisement of 30 million non-White people in South Africa. The first freely elected non-White government came to power in 1994 and initiated a number of social and economic reforms aimed at alleviating the worst consequences of apartheid. This paper examines the effect of post-apartheid economic and social transition on the growth and development of urban children. Over 4000 children born in Soweto and Johannesburg were enrolled in the Birth to Ten (BTT) birth-cohort study in 1990. Whilst these children were born with lower birth weights than in developed countries, they did grow strongly in infancy, particularly in weight, to reflect normal reference values for body mass index (BMI) by 1 year of age. While post-apartheid social and economic changes were expected to take some time to affect child growth and development, the rate of change has been slower than expected. Data from the BTT study demonstrate that the growth of White children continues to be superior to that of their non-White peers and differences that existed at birth and during infancy have not diminished during childhood and early adolescence. Whatever factors are changed at the national or community levels during economic (and social) transition in South Africa appear not yet to have resulted in improved child physical growth.

Capitalism↗
PubMed2006

Education to improve the triage of mental health patients in general hospital emergency departments.

General hospital emergency departments (EDs) are obvious places for individuals in distress or in a mental health crisis to seek assistance. However, triage nurses admit to a lack of expertise and confidence in psychiatric assessment which can result in less accurate assessments than for medical or trauma presentations. The objectives of a collaborative project between an Adult Mental Health Program and an Adult Emergency Program in a Canadian regional health authority were to: provide education and training to triage nurses regarding mental health and illness; monitor the transit of mental health patients through the ED; monitor wait times; and determine the adequacy of the Canadian Triage Acuity and Assessment Scale in the triage of psychiatric presentations. Although the percentages of patients triaged as "emergent" did not change as a result of the education, the percentage of patients who were triaged as "not urgent" but required hospitalization was significantly reduced. Although average lengths of stay in the ED were also reduced after the education, this may or may not have been related to the educational sessions. The project was successful in increasing collaboration between the two departments and has resulted in enhanced, on-going mental health education for ED nurses.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Building public health goals into the purchasing process: the Missouri Medicaid agency as purchaser.

INTRODUCTION: As managed care radically changes the medical care environment, public health leaders are under increasing pressure to focus more on core public health functions and less on personal health services. As public health re-evaluates its key strategies, it can take advantage of its strategic role in purchasing medical care to forge new partnerships that benefit its constituents. METHODS: Specific roles for public health in medical care purchasing are discussed. The state of Missouri is used as an example of successful strategies for positioning public health as a leader in the managed care environment. Key strategies include increasing influence in contracting; selecting and reporting of key health status indicators; promoting use of population-based data files; taking leadership roles in government-sponsored insurance programs; and assuring stability of critical health conditions during managed care transitions. CONCLUSION: Public health has unprecedented opportunities to develop new methods for improving health status. Public health's well-developed scientific principles and methods, combined with strategic leadership, will position the discipline in the forefront of the dialogue about our nation's health system into the next century.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1996

Social work with transport disabled persons: a wayfinding perspective in health care.

Transport disabled persons confront extensive architectural and psychosocial barriers during their travel to community based health care services by mass transit. The current health care reform movement affords social work an opportunity to consolidate its expertise with this population. The Certificate of Need program is a method with which social work can provide service to people with transportation disabilities. Social work can also continue its use of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Urban Mass Transportation Act to assist people with transport disabilities to access community based health care services.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

Negotiating the new health care system in Cape Town, South Africa: five case studies of the acutely chronically ill.

This article examines the experiences of chronically ill disadvantaged patients in a newly reformed health care system against a backdrop of inequalities still prevalent in the wider postapartheid sociopolitical economy of the Western Cape, South Africa. Patients negotiated a hierarchy of spaces at the national level of transformation and policy and at community-, secondary-, and tertiary-level facilities. The institutionalization of patients meant that expensive medical treatment was mobilized in accordance with different stages of illness and that certain services were available only to "qualifying" categories of diagnoses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Trends in health care education.

The world of health care education has been changing. This article has documented some of that change reflected in a recent survey. It has also provided some suggestions for the health care educator in making decisions regarding the structure of education, programs of education, and the marketing of education. Change frequently brings frustration, confusion, and stress. For health care educators, it brings all of that. However, this is a very exciting time to be part of health care education. Transitions enable us to develop health care education in new ways that are rewarding for the organization and for those involved.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1992

Implementation of the postdischarge follow-up call in the patient care units.

The Telephone Call Back System was implemented from October 1989 in the Inpatient and Ambulatory Care Units as a postdischarge follow-up and as an evaluation of the patients' hospital experience. Nurses called patients discharged from the Ambulatory Care Unit within 24 hours postdischarge and within 24-48 hours from the Inpatient Unit. Questions asked included present physical status, ocular discomfort, availability of assistance at home, and if there were any questions and concerns. For the year 1990, 77 percent of the patients discharged from the Ambulatory Care Unit were called and 71 percent were contacted. From the Inpatient Unit, 89 percent were called and 68 percent were contacted. Patient response required the following nursing interventions: review of discharge instructions, referral to an ophthalmologist and/or an internist, referral to a patient representative/social worker, reassurance on ocular signs and symptoms consistent with a normal postsurgical period, and patient teaching other than ophthalmic care. Patients discharged from the Inpatient Unit required more nursing intervention than patients discharged from the Ambulatory Care Unit. More than 99% of the patients discharged in both patient care units were satisfied with their hospital care. These results indicate the importance of postdischarge follow-up in the continuity of health care and in the transition from the health care institution to the home setting.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1989

Life transition theory: the resolution of uncertainty.

Nurses care for many people undergoing major life transitions, developmental or health related. Selder's life transition theory helps us crawl into their skins and understand what goes on as they face the awesome task of creating a new life and finding meaning in it.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Cultural variation--nutritional and clinical implications.

Cultural variation may play an important role in human nutrition and must be considered in either clinical or public health intervention particularly in areas with large immigrant populations. Acculturative and environmental change influence the food habits and health of transitional groups. Nutritional assessment may be complicated by cultural variation. The relationship between ethnicity and nutrition may be of evolutionary significance. Food beliefs may have beneficial or detrimental effects on health status. The study of acculturating populations may elucidate the pathogenesis of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Appreciation of the interaction of culture and nutrition may be of benefit to physicians and nutritionists in clinical practice and to those concerned with the prevention of nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Acculturation↗