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PubMed1964

PROGRESS IN CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER.

The chemotherapy of cancer, in relation to surgery and radiotherapy, is a new method of attack. Its development, which started virtually in the 1940's, was reviewed by the WHO Expert Committee on Chemotherapy of Cancer that met in September 1961. The report of the Committee dealt with experimental and clinical studies in this field critically, but also to a necessary degree, comprehensively. The design and mechanism of action of the drugs, their biological screening and subsequent clinical trials were discussed, and a review was presented of the clinically available drugs and the neoplasms for which they were indicated. In the two years that have elapsed since the report was drawn up many new compounds have been tested and some have had clinical trials. There have been developments, too, in methods of administration. All these new developments are discussed in the present paper.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1984

Human and laboratory studies on the causes and prevention of gastrointestinal cancer.

Neoplasms affecting different subsections of the large bowel appear to have different risk factors. For the major type of neoplastic disease in the large bowel, that in the descending and sigmoid colon, a good association with nutrition and specific nutritional elements has been found. The risk of this type of colon cancer is proportional to the customary dietary fat intake--high in the Western World and low in the Orient. It is inversely proportional to stool bulk, which is itself modulated by cereal fibre intake. Fat and fibre, as the two major elements implicated, are sufficiently secure with regard to underlying scientific data and understanding of mechanisms, to permit utilising them to modify risk. Thus, a dietary regimen low in total fat, 20% of calories, and higher in cereal fibre, of the order of 30 grams/day, is indicated. Such a modified nutritional intake could be expected to reduce risk, not only in the general population, but most likely also in patients who have been treated successfully by conventional means. Additional evidence suggests that regular intake of yellow and green vegetables, of foods containing calcium salts, selenium and other micro-nutrients, lower the risk even more. More research is needed to provide the data necessary for deliberate intervention with these agents. Gastric cancer, on the other hand, has a distinct set of risk factors, namely, intake of pickled and salted fish or beans. Other risk factors are associated with residence in areas where the geochemical or agricultural sources of nitrate intake are not balanced by the presence of vitamin C, vitamin E, or certain phenolic antioxidants and nitrite traps such as pyrogallol, tannins, or peptides. The possible genotoxic carcinogen is not yet known, but it could be an alkyl-nitrosamide type of aryldiazonium chemical. The formation of such compounds is inhibited by vitamin C, vitamin E, and certain antioxidants. This fact can be used to decrease deliberately the risk of gastric cancer.

Alcoholic Beverages↗