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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Feline giardiasis: observations on natural and induced infections.

The excretion of Giardia sp cysts in the feces of naturally and artificially infected cats fluctuated sporadically, and cysts were undetectable several times during 7 weeks of observation. The mean prepatent period for Giardia infection in 7 cats was 9.6 days (range, 5 to 16 days). The amount of the cyst inoculum did not appear to affect the length of the prepatent period. Six of 11 cats had clinical signs consistent with those of giardiasis. Clinical signs and cyst excretion were eliminated after treatment with metronidazole or furazolidone. Moderate oral or parenteral doses of corticosteroids produced little, if any, alteration in the infection. Postmortem examination of 1 inoculated cat revealed Giardia trophozoites in the jejunum and upper portion of the ileum but not in the duodenum, lower portion of the ileum, cecum, or colon. Giardia cysts isolated from cat feces produced infection in Mongolian gerbils but not in C57BL/6J mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of nitrofurans on the membrane apparatus of coccal bacteria].

Secondary membrane effects on the membrane apparatus of coccus bacteria were being studied. Cultivation of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Staphylococcus aureus cells on subbacteriostatic concentrations of nitrofurans results in a lower biosynthesis of many membrane proteins, as well as in inhibiting the activity of respiratory enzymes, i. e. the specific concentration of cytochromes and specific activity of NADH-, malate-, lactate oxidases and some reductases drop. Some cytological changes were revealed, when cells were grown on solafur, furazolidone, and furacriline.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of cardiac gross morphology during the development of FZ-induced cardiomyopathy in turkey poults.

Furazolidone (FZ) at a dose of 700 ppm was fed to turkey poults 2-5 weeks posthatch. At 3, 4, and 5 weeks of age, seven poults each were sacrificed from control and FZ-fed groups. A section of ventricular tissue 1 mm thick was excised from the heart distal to the base at a level one-fourth of the distance between the base and apex. Parameters estimated from tracings of each section were area and circumference of both right and left ventricular lumen profile, area and circumference of entire heart profile, area of right ventricular free wall profile, area of left ventricular and septal wall profile, and area of entire heart muscle profile. A major finding was a sequential increase in the area of the ventricular lumina in the FZ-fed poults. Differences between the control and FZ-fed poults were statistically significant for the right lumen profile at 3 and 5 weeks of age and for the left lumen profile at 4 and 5 weeks of age. The area of the heart muscle profile was decreased in FZ-fed poults, but this difference was statistically significant only at 4 weeks of age. Data suggest that the pathogenesis of FZ-induced cardiomyopathy involves a dilation of ventricular lumina resulting in increased intraventricular blood volume and altered ECG patterns. Relationships between gross morphology and ECGs may be seen only in terminal cases of several weeks duration. This explains the inability to correlate ECGs with gross morphologic changes in all poults observed at necropsy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in strains of Salmonella isolated during the period of 1977-1979].

A study was carried out on the incidence and spectrum of resistance to chemotherapeutical agents of 500 Salmonella strains isolated from coprocultures during the period from April 1977 to April 1979. The 368 strains isolated from patients were tested against 13 agents and the 132 strains isolated from carriers against 7 chemotherapeutical agents, using the Kirby-Bauer method in both categories. A proportion of 58.7% of the patients were resistant to one or several chemotherapeutics, and only 27.2% of the carriers. As regards the entire lot of 500 strains in terms of their resistance to 7 chemotherapeutical agents, 226 (45.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial product. All the strains were sensitive to Polymixin B; 31,4% were resistant to Ampicillin. 20 to 22% resistant to Kanamycin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracyclin. The strains presented the highest resistance to Sulphafurazol (46.2%). The tested strains belonged to 18 serotypes. S. agona proved highly resistant (100%), followed by S. bovis morbificans (78%) (most of the strains being resistant only to Furazolidon), S. heidelberg 63% and S. typhi murium 32%. Of the resistance patterns, the most frequent was: Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Cephalotin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclin, Sulphafurazol encountered in S. agona. The plasmid nature of resistance to antibiotics was tested using as acceptor E. coli Hfr H. The transferable character of resistance was demonstrated in 34 of the 35 experimentally exposed strains. As a rule the transfer of resistance determinants occurred in its totality.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Annual review of serotypes of E. coli isolated from various lesions in poultry and their sensitivity to drugs in vitro (author's transl)].

550 Strains of E. coli, isolated from poultry, were typed. In addition, their sensitivity to various drugs was tested. A wide variety of serotypes was found to be present. Approximately 50% of the isolated strains of E. coli were found to be resistant to the tetracyclines, streptomycin and sulphafurazole. Chloramphenicol, neomycin and furazolidone usually were effective.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The immunological aspects of the antibacterial therapy of peptic ulcer patients].

Essence and potency of immunological effects produced by some anti-bacterial drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer were determined in the course of immunological survey of patients. Trichopol and--to the less extent--furazolidone were established to provide immunocorrective effect and prevent exacerbation better than amoxicillin. The latter, to the contrary, aggravates secondary immune deficiency.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[L-transforming effect of biseptol on cells of Shigella sonnei and flexneri].

Possible L-transformation of Shigella under the action of biseptol on an artificial nutrient medium was investigated. The L-forms were isolated from 6 out of 35 cultures. By the morphological properties the isolates were similar to the L-forms of Shigella flexneri induced by furazolidone. The growth of the L-forms proceeded by the pattern of the rapid mass L-conversion of bacteria and was accompanied by the development of resistance to biseptol. It was inhibited by folic acid added to the medium.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1993

Histology of the mucosa of gastric antrum and body before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

1. Helicobacter pylori status and the histology of the antral and oxyntic mucosa were evaluated in 25 patients with duodenal ulcer treated with a triple schedule of furazolidone, metronidazole and amoxicillin, and in 16 patients treated only with cimetidine. 2. Before treatment, H. pylori was detected in all patients. One month after treatment with the antimicrobial agents, H. pylori was not found in 18 (72.0%) of 25 patients treated with the triple schedule. In the patients treated with cimetidine (N = 16) the H. pylori tests continued to be positive after treatment. 3. Inflammatory activity and intensity of gastritis were significantly reduced in patients treated with the antimicrobial agents but not in cimetidine-treated patients. Three patients who had negative cultures and improvement of gastritis 1 month after treatment became H. pylori positive again within 2 months, with concomitant reappearance of gastritis. 4. This study provides additional evidence that histological gastritis observed in H. pylori-positive patients with duodenal ulcer is due to the presence of the microorganism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The interaction of pathogenic microorganisms with the sorbent polymethylsiloxane].

The method of electron microscopy has been used to study adhesion of the microbic cells of standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungi of genus Candida on the organosilicon sorbent polymethylsiloxane (PMS) and medicamentous complex containing it. This complex contains furazolidone and metronidazole immobilized on silver ions-modified PMS. It is shown that the adhesion of microorganisms is accompanied by their destruction whose rate on pure PMS and medicamentous complex is different. Using experimental data the assumptions are advanced concerning the mechanism of the PMS interaction with Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms as well as with fungi of genus Candida.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1993

[Helicobacter pylori and the treatment of gastric ulcer. Reflections and uncertainties].

The authors examine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcer therapy, analyzing both the data suggesting that eradication of the organism renders the gastric mucosa less susceptible to development of gastric ulcer and the substantial body of evidence to the contrary. They review the results reported in clinical trials with colloidal bismuth subcitrate, antimicrobial agents (furazolidone), and combinations of antiulcer and antimicrobial agents (H2-antagonist + cefixime, H2-antagonist + metronidazole). Also analyzed is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori eradication and ulcer recurrence; only one study is available on this aspect, and the limited evidence it provides in favour of a prophylactic effect of eradication therapy is not entirely convincing. The authors conclude that there is no reasonable case for the dogmatic assumption that eradication of Helicobacter pylori facilitates either acute healing or long-term prophylaxis of gastric ulcer, though certain subgroups of gastric ulcer patients may benefit from eradication therapy.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1996

Dilated cardiomyopathy in turkeys: an animal model for the study of human heart failure.

Many animal models of heart failure developed to date do not mimic pathophysiologic changes recently described in the failing human myocardium. In human endstage heart failure, abnormalities in morphology, electromechanical coupling, and myocardial energetics have been described. However, studies of human myocardium are limited by lack of appropriate controls, the fact that all patients have endstage heart failure, and exposure of patients to different therapeutic regimens. In contrast to many animal models, the myopathic turkey heart (i.e., idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy) is similar to the myopathic human heart in terms of gross morphology, myocardial energetics, muscle physiology myofilament properties, Ca2+ metabolism, and the beta-receptor-adenylyl cyclase signaling system.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1997

Active transport of nitrofurantoin across the mammary epithelium in vivo.

Nitrofurantoin is a commonly used urinary tract antibiotic that has been found at high concentrations in human milk. In vivo studies in rats were carried out to determine the mechanism by which this drug crosses the mammary epithelium. Lactating rats were gavage-fed with nitrofurantoin, and their milk and plasma levels of the antibiotic were measured at intervals up to 8 hr. The average milk-to-plasma (M/P) ratio, calculated from the areas under the milk and plasma curves, respectively, was 23 compared with a ratio predicted to be about 0.3 on the basis of lipid partitioning and protein binding determinations. M/P ratios for two nitrofurantoin congeners were also calculated. The neutral compound furazolidone had a M/P ratio of about 1, as predicted, whereas the basic compound furaltadone had a M/P ratio of 3.49 compared with a predicted ratio of 1.4. These data suggest that nitrofurantoin and, to a lesser extent, furaltadone are actively transported across the mammary epithelium into milk.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[In vitro influence of biologically active factors of microorganisms on antibiotic susceptibility of Yersinia pestis].

To estimate the in vitro susceptibility of the plague microbe to chemotherapeutics, various experimental models with the maximum closeness to the host conditions were tested. The tests included the assay of the drug antibacterial activity against the plague microbe by the method of two-fold dilutions in biological fluids i.e. human normal (nonimmune) serum (HNS) and guinea pig heparinized blood. Hottinger broth was used as the control. It was shown that any system used for estimation of the drug MIC influenced the plague microbe susceptibility. Thus, the serum complement increased the antibacterial activity of cefotaxime, rifampicin, doxycycline, erythromycin and polymyxin B. In the blood of a susceptible host (guinea pigs) the activity of quinoxydine and dioxydine against the plague microbe markedly increased while the effect of benzylpenicillin, cefotaxime and furazolidone decreased. The data on the in vitro activity of the antibiotics in blood were comparable with those on their in vivo therapeutic efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Clarithromycin combined short-term triple therapies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection].

UNLABELLED: In order to explore the optimal regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), eighty-eight patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) or non-ulcer dyspepsia and Hp infection, defined by culture and histology, received the one-week triple therapy with clarithromycin (Cla), furazolidone (Fur) plus lansoprazole (Lan) or colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS). Twenty-eight patients entered the phase one preliminary study, randomized to receive the treatment of Cla 500 mg b.i.d and Fur 200 mg b.i.d plus either CBS 240 mg b.i.d (group I A) or Lan 30 mg b.i.d (group I B). Sixty patients entered the phase two main study, receiving the treatment of Cla 250 mg b.i.d and Fur 100 mg b.i.d plus either CBS 240 mg b.i.d (group II A) or Lan 30 mg q.d (group II B). Five patients (2 in group I A, 2 in group I B, 1 in group II A) were withdrawn because of the side effects of the treatment, and two (in group II A) dropped out. The eradication rates of Hp in group I A, I B, II A, II B were 100.0% (12/12), 91.7% (11/12), 92.6% (25/27) and 90.0% (27/30) respectively. There was no significant difference in the eradication rates of Hp between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). The primary resistant rate of Hp isolates to Cla was 7.5% (4/53) and no patient infected with the strain resistant to Cla succeeded in the eradication of Hp. The healing rates of DU were 94.4% (17/18) in group II A and 100.0% (18/18) in group II B (P > 0.05). The main side effects were nausea, vomiting and taste disturbance. Eighteen of the 28 (64.2%) patients in the phase one study had side effects with a rate significantly higher than that of 5.1% (3/58) in the phase two study (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Both of the regimens used in the phase two study with low-dose, one week triple therapy are highly effective in the eradication of Hp infection and healing of DU, and are well tolerated. (2) The primary resistance of Hp strains to Cla is the principal factor of treatment failure in these two regimens.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of a combined transplant on reparative osteogenesis in experimental bone defects of the jaw (the immediate results)].

A combined transplant consisting of bone flour plus the sorption-antimicrobial complex polymethylsiloxane + furazolidone + metronidazole is proposed to be grafted into the bone periodontal pockets in patients with generalized parodontitis. Effects were studied of the above transplant on the experimental defects of the lower jaw--of albino rats (n = 36). Morphologic changes in the immediate periods of follow-up (at day 7, 14, and 21) were characterized by a poorly manifest and short-term reactive inflammatory process in the paratransplant tissues as well as by an earlier development of the osteoid tissue and early formation of the bone regenerate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acid suppression with ranitidine plus oral triple therapy improves ulcer healing but not Helicobacter pylori eradication.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate whether the addition of 2 weeks of ranitidine to a 1-week oral triple therapy (OTT) regimen improved ulcer healing and H. pylori eradication. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and eleven consecutive patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of active duodenal ulcer (DU) and a positive antrum biopsy for H. pylori were enrolled. Those attending the Hospital Vera Cruz (Group A, n=142) received a 14-day course of ranitidine (150 mg after breakfast and dinner) plus a 1-week OTT, consisting of bismuth subcitrate, (240 mg after the 3 meals), tetracycline (500 mg, 10 min before the three meals and at bedtime), and furazolidone (200 mg after breakfast and dinner). Patients from the Hospital das Clinicas (Group B, n=69) received the same OTT as Group A but without ranitidine. Patients underwent endoscopy again on average 40 days (range: 30-60 days) after completing therapy in order to assess ulcer healing and H. pylori status. RESULTS: Both schedules were equally efficient in eradicating H. pylori with 90% (128/142) eradication in group A, and 84% (58/69) in group B (p=0.2). In contrast, the addition of ranitidine to OTT improved ulcer healing when compared with OTT alone (96%, 137/142, vs. 70%, 48/69; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the association of acid suppression, obtained with 2 week ranitidine administration with OTT improved ulcer healing but did not enhance H. pylori eradication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-(2-arylvinylen)-2-isoxazolines.

3-[2-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)vinylen]-2-isoxazoline (VIII) and 3-nitro-, 3-amino- and 3-acylaminostyryl-2-isoxazolines have been synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Compound (VIII) showed potent antibacterial activity in vitro against several strains of S. aureus and E. coli (two to eight times more active than furazolidone). None of the styryl derivatives exhibited significant activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Adaptive response of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli to nitrofurantoin.

Pretreatment with sublethal doses of nitrofurantoin induced adaptive response in both Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli cells as indicated by their greater resistance to the subsequent challenging doses of the same drug. Adaptive response was maximum corresponding to pretreatment drug concentrations of 0.40 microgram/ml and 0.015 microgram/ml respectively for V. cholerae OGAWA 154 (wild type) and E. coli K-12 AB 2463 (recA-) cells. Adaptive response was inhibited by chloramphenicol (100 micrograms/ml) indicating the need of concomitant protein synthesis. Induction of adaptive response in recA deficient E. coli cells indicated that it was different from the conventional "SOS" response. Melting temperature of DNA of V. cholerae cells subjected to adaptive (0.4 microgram/ml for 1 hr) and challenging (120 micrograms/ml for 1 hr) doses of nitrofurantoin (76 degrees C) was closer to that of native DNA (75 degrees C) vis-a-vis DNA isolated from nonadapted and drug treated cells (77.5 degrees C). Also, DNA isolated from V. cholerae cells subjected to adaptive and challenging doses of the drug revealed the presence of fewer interstrand cross-links (16% reversible DNA) vis-a-vis DNA from nonadapted but drug treated cells (55% reversible DNA). Photomicrographic studies revealed that V. cholerae cells that were nonadapted but drug treated grew into long filamentous forms (4.25 +/- 2.97 micron) whereas those subjected to both adaptive and challenge doses of the drug exhibited much less filamentation (2.08 +/- 0.84 micron) vis-a-vis native cells (1.42 +/- 0.5 micron). Similar results on DNA melting temperature, cross-links in DNA, and filamentation of cells were obtained for E. coli AB 2463 (recA-) cells subjected to adaptive and challenging treatments with nitrofurantoin. Almost equal degree of resistance against nitrofurantoin could be induced in both V. cholerae OGAWA 154 (wild type) and E. coli strain PJ3 (AB 1157 ada-) when these cells were pretreated with nontoxic doses of hydrogen peroxide or nitrofurantoin. Evidence obtained in this work on the nature of the nitrofuratoin induced adaptive response with particular references to the oxidative and/or alkylating DNA damages were discussed. Nitrofuratoin induced adaptive response appeared similar to that elicited by furazolidone in V. cholerae cells and appeared to be directed towards oxidative and not alkylating adaptive repair pathway.

Adaptation, Physiological↗