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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The use of RAPD to characterize Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates.

Bipolaris sorokiniana is a phytopathogenic fungus causing diseases of cereal crops such as common root rot, the leaf spot disease, seedling blight, and black point of the grain. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 20 isolates collected from different cultivars in wheat-producing regions in Brazil. Seventy primers, with random nucleotide sequences, were tested. Reproducibility to amplify the genomic DNA of isolates was found for 30 of the 70 primers tested, generating between 1 and 17 fragments ranging from 0.35 to 2.0 kb (average size). The degree of similarity between samples was calculated through simple association and the dendrogram was assessed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetical average. After the RAPD analyses 19 isolates were closely grouped, having a similarity coefficient of >or= 78%. Isolate I017 showed very low similarity coefficients, ranging between 38 and 46%. The RAPD analyses provided important information as to the degree of genetic variability and the relationship between the isolates investigated, revealing polymorphism and establishing electrophoretic profiles useful to characterize the phytopathogen.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1998

[A case of pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia caused by Ascaris suum].

A 46-year old man was admitted to our hospital with dry cough and diarrhea. His chest CT showed diffuse subpleural small nodular shadows. Eosinophilia and an increase of serum IgE were detected. Eosinophils were also increased in BALF. An antibody against Ascaris suum was positive in serum while other causes of eosinophilia (e. g., drugs, fungus, collagen disease) were absent. Ivermectin was administered and the diarrhea improved within 3 days. The abnormal chest shadows and dry cough disappeared 3 months later. Pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia (PIE) syndrome caused by Ascaris suum was diagnosed because of the clinical course and serum examination results. Recently, zoonoses are increasing with the boom of oversea travel and "natural" foods. We report a case of PIE syndrome caused by Ascaris suum and describe the clinical features and the social significance including the origin of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The research progress on molecular genetics of pathogenicity of rice blast fungus.].

Rice blast disease, caused by heterothallic ascomycete Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most serious fungal diseases of rice throughout the world. The disease attacks rice plants throughout the season and causes severe yield losses. The pathogenesis of M. grisea is due to a complex process that spans the entire life cycle of the pathogen. The process including germination of conidia, formation of appressoria, differentiation of penetration pegs and proliferation of infectious hyphae is controlled by many genes. The interaction between M. grisea and rice is based on the gene-for-gene hypothesis and the defense responses are often activated by the action of the pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene and the host resistance (R) gene. The studies on molecular biology and genetic mechanism of pathogenicity of M. grisea has occupied pathologists and mycologists for several decades. This paper reviews the research progress related to molecular genetics of pathogenicity of the fungus and its genetic diversity and variation, and summarize research methods of the functional genes.

Genes, Fungal↗
PubMed1981

Spontaneous lysis of mycetomas after acute cavitating lung disease.

Pulmonary mycetomas (fungus balls) caused by mucormycosis and aspergillus developed in 2 patients after aspiration pneumonia and septic lung infarction. No specific therapy was initiated and both fungus balls underwent spontaneous lysis. These patients and the descriptive literature of other patients with fungus balls secondary to acute lung damage suggest that mycetomas forming in acutely damaged but previously healthy lung tissue have a high incidence of spontaneous resolution. Therapy with antifungal agents or resectional surgery is not required unless hemoptysis or chronic suppurative infection develops.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Definition of tissue-specific and general requirements for plant infection in a phytopathogenic fungus.

Although plant diseases are usually characterized by the part of the plant that is affected (e.g., leaf spots, root rots, wilts), surprisingly little is known about the factors that condition the ability of pathogens to colonize different plant tissues. Here we demonstrate that the leaf blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea also can infect plant roots, and we exploit this finding to distinguish tissue-specific and general requirements for plant infection. Tests of a M. grisea mutant collection identified some mutants that were defective specifically in infection of either leaves or roots, and others such as the map kinase mutant pmk1 that were generally defective in pathogenicity. Conservation of a functional PMK1-related MAP kinase in the root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis was also demonstrated. Exploitation of the ability of M. grisea to infect distinct plant tissues thus represents a powerful tool for the comprehensive dissection of genetic determinants of tissue specificity and global requirements for plant infection.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Genome sequences of the honey bee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Ascosphaera apis.

Genome sequences offer a broad view of host-pathogen interactions at the systems biology level. With the completion of the sequence of the honey bee, interest in the relevant pathogens is heightened. Here we report the genome sequences of two of the major pathogens of honey bees, the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae (causative agent for American foulbrood disease) and the fungus Ascosphaera apis. (causative agent for chalkbrood disease). Ongoing efforts to characterize the genomes of these species can be used to understand and mitigate the effects of two important pathogens, and will provide a contrast with pathogenic, benign and freeliving relatives.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Adiaspiromycosis--a little known lung disease].

Adiaspiromycosis produced by the fungus Emmonsia crescens is a pulmonary disease afflicting primarily small wild mammals. Man, too, may become an accidental link of the saproparatrophic circulation of the agent. Humans are infected--similarly to other mammals--by inhaling the elements of the saprophytic stage of the fungus living for long time periods in the soil substrates. After the infecting cells, aleuriospores, have invaded the host lungs, they are converted into the elements of the parasitic stage--adiaspores. These are surrounded by granulomatous tissue and reach up to 700 microns in diameter. In the circulation of the agent, the infected wild mammals play a role of reservoir hosts harbouring the parasitic stage of the fungus in nature for a relatively long time. In some cases these animals also enable spread of adiaspiromycosis from exoanthropic foci into human habitations. Clinical and experimental studies show that the result of an infection may be--in addition to its liquidation--an asymptomatic form of disease or a disseminated pulmonary process. In addition to as yet insufficiently proved proper action of fungus cells, a reduction in the functional pulmonary parenchyma plays a role in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary forms. An existence of extrapulmonary forms of adiaspiromycosis is not excluded. Serological methods have not been routinely used for diagnosis as yet: immune reaction of the organism has a character of antibody response and delayed hypersensitivity. Cell mediated immunity has not been studied as yet. Treatment of human disease is primarily a surgical one. The fungistatic drugs pimaricin or amphotericin B may be employed, corticosteroids may be indicated in individual cases. The efficacy of modern antifungal substances has not been established as yet.

Animals↗