Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FRIENDSHIP”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Self-esteem and change in body mass index over 3 years in a cohort of adolescents.

Self-esteem has been hypothesized to be lower in obese adolescents relative to their normal weight peers and to be an important factor in preventing or reversing obesity. The present study examined the relationship between obesity and self-esteem cross-sectionally and prospectively over three years in a cohort of 1278 adolescents in grades 7 to 9 at baseline. Cross-sectional analyses revealed an inverse association between physical appearance self-esteem and body mass index in both males and females. In females, body mass index was inversely associated with global self-esteem, close friendship, and behavioral conduct self-esteem. In males, body mass index was inversely associated with athletic and romantic appeal self-esteem. Prospectively, in females, physical appearance and social acceptance self-esteem at baseline were inversely related to body mass index three years later. Baseline self-esteem was unrelated prospectively to change in body mass index in males. All associations were modest in magnitude. These results suggest that in a middle class white sample of adolescents, self-esteem specific to physical appearance is modestly associated with body mass index. Low self-esteem does not appear to predict the development of obesity over time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Psychometric properties of goal-attainment scaling in the assessment of mann's time-limited psychotherapy.

This study tested the reliability and validity of Goal-Attainment Scaling (GAS) in assessing outcome in Mann's Time-Limited Psychotherapy (TLP). Judges constructed GAS scales for 33 patients on five dimensions: severity of symptoms, self-esteem, same-sex friendships, romantic relationships, and work performance. Patients in the treatment group received 12 sessions of TLP, whereas controls were in a waiting list for the same period of time (12 weeks) before starting time-limited psychotherapy. Judges rated all patients on GAS before beginning therapy, at termination, and follow-up. Mean interrater reliability of scores between pairs of judges was r = .88. Convergent validity of the GAS was confirmed by moderate to high correlations with the Health-Sickness Rating Scale (r = .70, p < .001), the Target Complaints Scale (r = .50, p <.01), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (r = .38, p < .05). The findings are discussed and recommendations are made for the reliable and valid use of the GAS in psychotherapy outcome research.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Becoming and being a psychotherapist: a psychodynamic memoir and meditation.

The author reflects on the circumstances of his becoming a psychotherapist and meditates on their meaning. He notes the effect on his survival through childhood of his grandparents' emigration from Europe and the influence of his close-knit family on his personal needs and values. He then reflects on his early vocational interests; the transformational power of his education, as a student and faculty, at the University of Chicago; and the constructive force of his professional collaboration and personal friendship with Kenneth Howard. Finally, he considers why it is important to him not only to have become but to continue to be a psychotherapist.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2004

The role of occupational therapy in providing person-centred transition services: implications for school-based practice.

Two case study vignettes are presented to demonstrate the potential role of occupational therapy in the provision of person-centred transition services. Related to the study, the five aspects of performance described by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA): performance skills, performance patterns, client factors, activity demands, and contexts, are examined. Based on the results of the study, the following suggestions are offered for incorporating person-centred principles into school-based occupational therapy service delivery. These are: (1) increasing the number and variety of community places students know and use; (2) assisting students in developing and expressing autonomy in both everyday and life-defining matters; (3) building experiences and supports so students can perform functional, age-appropriate, and meaningful activities; (4) ensuring that students develop valued roles and places in community life; and (5) creating access for students to the social network of community and ensuring the development of personal relationships and friendships. Since the transition experiences of only two students are presented in an anecdotal fashion rather than through more formal quantitative or qualitative research the results are limited and further research is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Intensity of CNS treatment for pediatric cancer: prediction of social outcomes in survivors.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of central nervous system (CNS) treatment intensity and the social functioning of children who have completed treatment for leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors outside the CNS. Furthermore, we expected that these associations would be moderated by child age at diagnosis and gender. METHOD: Peer, teacher, and self-report data were obtained for 82 cancer survivors (age 9-17 years) using classroom rating and nomination procedures that are widely used in research on social development. Information regarding cranial radiation therapy (CRT), intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC), and systemic methotrexate were obtained from medical records and used to create a composite index of CNS treatment intensity. RESULTS: Higher scores on the index of CNS treatment intensity were associated with poorer peer acceptance, fewer friendships, greater social sensitivity-isolation, and diminished leadership-popularity based on peer-report. These associations were stronger for boys and children who were younger (<10 years old) at diagnosis. In contrast, CNS treatment intensity was only predictive of teacher-perceptions of aggressive-disruptive behavior and it was unrelated to social self-perceptions. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that children who receive CRT and ITC are at risk for problematic peer relations, particularly if they are male or younger at diagnosis. Given the stability of poor peer relationships and documented linkages between peer problems and subsequent academic and psychiatric difficulties, clinical services should address these issues. Research is needed to identify mechanisms that account for these outcomes and provide direction for prevention and treatment efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The discovery of chemical neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters have become such an intrinsic part of our theories about brain function that many today are unaware of how difficult it was to prove their existence or the protracted dispute over the nature of synaptic transmission. The story is important not only because it is fascinating science history, but also because it exemplifies much of what is best in science and deserving to be emulated. The friendships formed among such major figures in this history as Henry Dale, Otto Loewi, Wilhelm Feldberg, Walter Cannon, and others extended over two world wars, enriching their lives and facilitating their research. Even the dispute-the "war of the sparks and the soups"--between neurophysiologists and pharmacologists over whether synaptic transmission is electrical or chemical played a positive role in stimulating the research needed to provide convincing proof.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1999

Continuities and changes: teenage smoking and occupational transition.

Rates of cigarette smoking among young people in the U.K. remain high and may be increasing. However, few studies have explored smoking behaviour during the mid- to late teens. This paper reports the third wave of a longitudinal study that followed 106 15-year-olds from their last compulsory year at school for 22 months. Using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods, the study shows that this is a period of considerable flux in smoking behaviour. Becoming a regular smoker is not a straightforward progressive process. The role of friendship groups and social context is highlighted. Smoking prevention programmes should be developed to meet the needs of young people in this transitional period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Peer relations of adolescents from nuclear and separated families.

Problems of psychosocial adjustment as a consequence of parental separation have mostly been studied concerning aspects of family relations and individual growth. The present study examined peer relations of young people between the ages of 10 and 20 years old who lived in nuclear families, step-families, and single-parent families. Based on the second questionnaire assessment of a longitudinal study conducted in East and West Germany, reports from a total of 637 boys and girls on deviant and constructive peers in their social network as well as on the quality of their relations with best friends were analysed. Findings suggest that peer relations were affected by parental separation only to a minor extent as compared to, e.g. gender- or age-specific effects. A central aspect of friendship quality, however, namely admiration by friends, clearly suffered from conflict between mothers and fathers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Diverse aspects of dating: associations with psychosocial functioning from early to middle adolescence.

Theories imply that some aspects of adolescent dating behavior will be associated with individuals' positive psychosocial functioning, while other aspects will be associated with problems. This study addressed associations between diverse aspects of dating at age 16 and: (1) individual and social functioning at age 12 and at age 16; and (2) change in psychosocial functioning from age 12 to age 16. Controlling for physical maturity, overinvolvement in dating at age 16 was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in early and middle adolescence and also predicted declines in functioning between the two ages. Level of dating experience and quality of romantic relationships were associated with social adaptation at age 16, especially in the friendship and dating domains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Violence in adolescents' romantic relationships: findings from a survey amongst school-going youth in a South African community.

This paper reports on a study of heterosexual adolescent dating violence among secondary school students in a South African community. Approximately half of the surveyed males, and just over half of the surveyed females reported involvement in a physically violent dating relationship either as a perpetrator and/or victim. The study found significant associations between the beliefs about violence in a romantic relationship, the witnessing of physical violence in friendship contexts, the use of alcohol and adolescent dating violence. A significant association between familial variables and adolescent dating violence was only found for male participants. No significant association was found between religious participation and adolescent dating violence. The implications for prevention are discussed in an attempt to demonstrate the potential of local information that identifies risk factors for the development of appropriate community- and schools-based intervention programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Close relationships, individual differences, and early literacy learning.

We hypothesized that the emotional investment and mutuality characteristic of friendship dyads, compared to nonfriend dyads, would support conflicts and resolutions, as well as reflection on emotions and literate language. We also tested a process model by which temperament influenced interactions leading to the expression of conflicts and resolutions, which, in turn, lead to use of emotional and literate language in friend and nonfriend dyads. Dyads of kindergarten children were observed in either friend or nonfriend dyads across the school year. While rates of conflicts were similar, friends, compared to nonfriends, more frequently resolved conflicts and generated more emotional and literate language. Our process model of literate language was also supported. Directions for future research are discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1999

Developmental patterns in the understanding of social and physical transitivity.

Transitive inferences using both a linear dimension (A is longer than B) and a nonlinear dimension (A and B are friends) were examined. In Study 1, 6- to 9-year-old children received two problems of each kind. Performance showed similar developmental progressions but nonsignificant correlations between the two tasks. Study 2 extended these results by modifying the linear transitivity problem and adding variation in both context and type of social relation. Children 7, 9, and 11 years of age were given problems requiring judgments about friendship and about nonfriends (children who were quarreling with each other) in two different social contexts. No correlations were found between social judgments and judgments concerning length. Both type of relation and context influenced judgments about social relations. These results suggest that children possess two distinct strategies for making transitive judgments that correspond to the logical structure of the underlying relations.

Child↗
PubMed1999

The 100 most-cited articles from JMB.

Over the last 40 years, JMB has published many thousands of articles, all of which have been important in some way. Compiling a list of the 'most important' however, is an invidious task. Friendships can falter on such an undertaking, but the Institute of Scientific Information has provided us with an objective methodology for 'ranking' articles, according to the number of times any paper is cited in other publications. This evaluation can of course be criticised for its bias towards papers describing novel techniques or methods. Often, the true intellectual milestones may be found in the reference list of the most cited papers. With increasing age, each paper also has more time in which to have been cited, and so the group of highest scoring articles is also dominated by some of the oldest. On the other hand, with increasing time, papers have an increasing chance of being forgotten, and the citation rates of these are therefore also a measure of their persisting importance. On balance, it does represent a value in some way related to how often that paper has been used. With many caveats, we present the list of the 100 most cited papers in JMB over the past 40 years. Many of these papers have helped or influenced both a great many people, and a great many subsequent advances in molecular biology.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical and genetic characterization of the Lowell variant. A new phenotype of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.

A new electrophoretic variant of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) has been detected in the Caucasian population in North Carolina, and family studies have shown this variant to be transmissible. This variant has been given the trivial name "Lowell" and the allele controlling its synthesis in conjunction with 6PGDA has been named 6PGDL. The banding pattern produced by the Lowell variant after electrophoresis is not affected by either NADP or 2-mercaptoethanol. Inhibition studies with urea and iodoacetate have shown that this variant is inhibited to approximately the same degree as the Richmond and Friendship variants. Thermostability studies have shown that the isozyme bands encoded by 6PGDA, 6PGDElcho, 6PGDC, and 6PGDL have a relative thermal stability in the order 6PGDA greater than 6PGDElcho greater than 6PGDC greater than 6PGDL.

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel↗
PubMed1996

Psychiatric and alcohol disorders as risk factors for drug abuse. A case-control study among adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study tested the hypothesis that a history of psychiatric and alcohol disorders would affect the risk of developing drug abuse or dependence later in life. This case-control study selected cases and controls using the "snowball" technique in order to obtain cases from this "hidden" population and to match sex, age and friendship. Information was gathered using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and computer diagnoses were generated according to the DSM-III-R criteria. The study included 370 subjects. Results of the conditional logistic regression analysis showed that having a history of alcohol dependence was independently associated with an increased risk of drug abuse/dependence (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0) and that this risk was even higher for those whose alcohol dependence occurred in combination with another psychiatric disorder (OR = 4.6, 95% CI 2.1-10.0). An increased risk of drug abuse/dependence was also found for those who were aged 12 years or under when their first psychiatric disorder was manifested (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.7) and among those with two or more psychiatric disorders (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.1). These findings suggest that programmes directed towards the treatment and prevention of drug abuse must be prepared to address psychiatric and alcohol disorders in childhood and adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Personal disruptions, social integration, subjective well-being, and predisposition toward the use of counseling services.

The importance of social integration for the subjective well-being and predisposition toward professional counseling services of persons experiencing personal disruptions is explored among 1,423 northwest Wisconsin residents. Considerable support is found for the hypothesis that greater contact with close friends diminishes the effect of personal disruptions (health problems, marital break-up, and unemployment) on individual well-being. Some evidence is found in favor of the proposition that greater contact with close friends for those with disruptions reduces the inclination to use professional counselors. And, unexpectedly, the frequency of interaction with friends for those without stressful events is not found to significantly influence the level of morale. Friendship ties and counseling services are suggested as alternative resources for persons in crisis, and the relevance of findings on social integration, personal disruptions, and morale for models of subjective well-being is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Social support, organizational characteristics, psychological well-being, and group appraisal in three self-help group populations.

This study examined the relationship of three social support and three organizational variables to two well-being and two group appraisal variables among 144 members of Compassionate Friends, Multiple Sclerosis, and Overeaters Anonymous self-help groups. An anonymous questionnaire was the major research instrument. Receiving social support was not significantly related to depression or anxiety but was positively related to perceived group benefits and group satisfaction. Providing social support and friendship were each positively related to one well-being and one group appraisal variable. Bidirectional supporters (i.e., individuals high on both receiving and providing support) reported more favorable well-being and group appraisal than Receivers, Providers, and Low Supporters. At the group level of analysis (n = 15 groups), groups with higher levels of role differentiation, greater order and organization, and in which leaders were perceived as more capable contained members who reported more positive well-being and group appraisal. The implications for future research and professional consultation to self-help groups are discussed.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1987

Hyperactive children and peer interaction: knowledge and performance of social skills.

This study investigated hyperactive children's peer relations using the framework of social skills theory. Subjects' (15 hyperactive and 15 control boys aged 7 through 11) knowledge of socially appropriate behavior was assessed using the Social Knowledge Interview (Geraci & Asher, 1980). Additionally, performance of social skills with peers was rated by independent judges during free play, a cooperative puzzle task, and a persuasion task. Peers also rated subjects' desirability as partners for work, play, and friendship. Analyses showed that hyperactive subjects had deficits in knowledge of how to maintain relationships and handle interpersonal conflict, and demonstrated more negative behavior in the cooperative puzzle task than did controls. Hyperactive subjects also were rated by judges as less likely to achieve academic success than controls and were rated by peers as less desirable potential work partners in school. Significant correlations between social knowledge and performance with peers were found. It was concluded that hyperactive boys exhibit deficits both in their social knowledge and in their performance of socially skilled behavior.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗