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Results for “Epilepsy, Absence”

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PubMed1979

Petit mal and grand mal seizures produced by toluene or benzene intoxication in the cat.

Motor incoordination, euphoria and hallucinations are symptoms reported for humans voluntarily intoxicated by industrial solvents. An epileptic-like consciousness impairment has also been noted. The present paper describes a technique used for the experimental study of solvent intoxication in which toluene and benzene can be applied directly into the trachea of freely moving cats with chronically implanted electrodes. This technique permits the control of solvent dose and time of exposure. Results showed a 3 Hz spike-wave activity in the gyrus cinguli recording with both toluene or benzene intoxication. Furthermore, benzene inhalation produced generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These effects were dose-related. However, a sensitization period was essential for the development of such alterations, and effects showed a tendency to shortening through chronic exposures. These alterations were correlated with behavioral disturbances such as nodding, twitching and apparent hallucinations. Results are discussed regarding the sensitization period, the optimal peak of effects, and the period of tolerance development relevant to an earlier found amygdalar activation that could be correlated with other methods inducing experimental seizures, such as repetitive stimulation of the brain (kindling).

Amygdala↗
PubMed1980

Neurometric evaluation of epileptic children who do well and poorly in school.

The neurometric examination is a way of obtaining quantitative electrophysiological data which can be analyzed statistically and compared with similar information from control groups. Statistically significant differences were found among 4 groups of children: group I -- 'epileptic achievers', children with a history of seizures who are functioning at grade level, group II -- 'epileptic under-achievers', children with a history of seizures who are not functioning up to grade level, group III -- 'healthy achievers', children without a history of seizures who are functioning at grade level, and group IV --'healthy underachievers', children who do not have a history of seizures and who are not functioning at grade level. 'Epileptic achievers' and 'epileptic underachievers' both showed sharp waves, severe and widespread. However, 'epileptic underachievers' displayed more 'beta bursts', excessive theta and beta activity in the resting EEG, and greater hyper-reactivity of evoked responses to visual and auditory stimuli in the frontal and frontopolar regions. 'Epileptic achievers' and 'healthy achievers' both had little abnormality in the frequency spectrum. However, the 'epileptic achievers' showed more theta activity, more asymmetry and lower coherence. 'Epileptic underachievers' showed a lower incidence of EEG asymmetries than 'healthy underachievers' but more theta and beta activity. 'Healthy underachievers' showed more abnormal spectral bands, more areas with abnormal spectral bands, greater asymmetry, lower coherence, and a higher incidence of sharp waves than 'healthy achievers'. When the 'epileptic achievers' and 'underachievers' were combined, they were found to have a significantly higher incidence of sharp waves, theta and beta excess, EEG asymmetry, low coherence, and hyper-reactive evoked responses than the 'healthy achievers'.

Achievement↗
PubMed1987

Day by day variations of the amount of spike-wave activity in 24 hour cassette recordings.

For interpretation of mobile long-term EEG monitoring in patients suffering from absence epilepsies with regular spike-wave (S-W) paroxysms, the fluctuating amount of this parameter has to be taken into account if, for example, therapeutic effects are to be judged. An 'S-W variogram' is derived resembling the statistical properties of the day by day variability as an orienting criterion in this respect.

Circadian Rhythm↗