Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ECHINOCOCCOSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Echinococcosis (hydatodosis) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park.

Echinococcosis has been diagnosed in the following wild species in the Kruger National Park : lion, Panthera leo, spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, Cape hunting dog, Lycaon pictus, Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum, buffalo, Syncerus caffer, hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius, and impala, Aepyceros melampus. Infestation rates in the herbivores vary from 60% in zebra to less than 1% in impala. Species like elephant, Loxodonta africana, and blue wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus, do not seem to be susceptible. The successful artificial transmission of Echinococus granulosus felidis from Burchell's zebra to the lion is reported for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cystic echinococcosis and the Mediterranean Region: a long-lasting association.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonosis in Italy and in the whole Mediterranean Region, as confirmed by the work by Ettore Biocca, whose contributions to the subject are reported in a summarised annex to the bibliography. The contribution to the understanding and control of CE are presented, with special emphasis on the socio-economic impact, on factors affecting the maintenance of CE in the Mediterranean Region, on the epidemiological situation and control measures, on the present status of epidemiological surveillance, on the control problems in normal and emergency situations, on health education and training. Also, the justifications of combined control programmes are discussed, which may be applied only in situations of peace and well-being.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2002

[Diagnostic puncture and puncture treatment of liver echinococcosis--"yes" or "no"].

The authors present as problematic and debatable the article about the diagnostic punction and punction treatment of the liver echinococcosis. Of many years scientific disputation about this problem exist. The risks of per cutaneum punction leads to many serious complications. This assess the revaluation of this method which must apply only in very limited evidence--small surface cysts without additional cysts and for diagnostic plan must be abandon.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2001

[Efficacy of albendazole immunoliposome against echinococcosis granulosus in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of albendazole immunoliposome (IL-Alb) against Echinococcus granulosus. METHODS: Mice infected with protoscolices of E. granulosus were divided into five groups. Four groups were treated with albendazole (Alb), albendazole liposome (L-Alb), albendazole sulfoxide liposome (L-Albso), and IL-Alb respectively at a dosage of 100 mg (Alb)/(kg.d) x 5 d for 3 courses. The fifth group was established as control. The major criteria for evaluating the effects included a reduction rate of E. granulosus tissue wet weight, histopathological examination of the cysts by both light microscopy and electron-microscopy, and the content of albendazole-sulfoxide in cysts detected by HPLC. RESULTS: The efficacy of albendazole immunoliposome was significantly higher than that of albendazole liposome, and much higher than that of albendazole. The reduction rates of cyst tissue weight of IL-Alb group, L-Alb group and Alb group were 91.5%, 80.3%, 61.2% respectively as compared to control group; the concentration of Albso in cyst tissue of the above groups were 5.15 micrograms/g, 2.18 micrograms/g, 0.76 microgram/g respectively (P < 0.01). The histopathological damages of cysts were also found most severely in the group of IL-Alb. CONCLUSION: Immunoliposome as a targeting carrier may significantly strengthen the therapeutic effect of albendazole on echinococcosis granulosus.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2002

[Praziquantel in the prevention of recurrence of human echinococcosis].

In a five year long study efficiency of Praziquental in a prevention of human echinococcosis relapses was studied. Study was conducted in a period from October 1996 till October 2000, and it included patients with echinoccosis treated in Clinical Center of Sarajevo University in Sarajevo, and in Hospital Konjic, in Konjic. In the above stated period 136 patients with echinoccosis were treated surgically, and in 30 of them combined therapy with Praziquental was used. Antihelmint therapy was applied in hospital settings for 14 days in a dose of 25-50 mg/kg of body weight with adjuvant corticotherapy. After hospital discharge patients were followed up in outpatient clinics by infectologists, surgeons and pediatricians. Follow up included clinical, biochemical, ultrasonic and radiological investigations. Longest follow up interval was 5.5 years and shortest year and a half. Results of study have shown that in a group of 106 patients, treated only with surgical treatment, there were 12.5% of relapses. In a group of patients that we treated with combined therapy with Praziquental there were not relapses. Our results suggest Praziquental could be a drug of choice for the prevention of relapses in human echinoccosis in a combined therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnostic and therapeutic approach in hepatic echinococcosis complicated by mechanical jaundice].

The article presents the results of the treatment of 43 patients with echinococcosis of the liver the course of which was complicated by mechanical jaundice (MJ). In 11 patients MJ arose as a result of cystic content break into the bile ducts, in 32 patients, due to cystic compression of the lobular bile ducts. An effective scheme of the patients' examination is proposed which involved present-day ultrasound, X-ray and endoscopic methods. The system of objective evaluation of the patients' condition is outlined as designed for planning surgical policy. In non-severe disease the patients are operated after standard preparation within 24 hours after hospitalization. If the disease is more severe, the patients demand preparation including extracorporeal detoxication and cholangiostomy. In serious conditions the operations are made to remove the cyst content and cholestasis. This differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic policy diminished postoperative lethality from 15.2 to 6.9%.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pancreatic echinococcosis].

Echinococcosis is a widespread parasitosis which is endemic in many countries of Latin America, Asia and Southern Europe. Cysts are generally to be found in the liver and lungs. If exceptionally located in other organs, the condition may pose serious problems of differential diagnosis versus neoplasms. Furthermore, if unnoticed, they may expose the patient--in case of surgery--to the risk of anaphylaxis due to leakage of cystic fluid. The pancreas is one of least frequent locations. Multiple surgical procedures are possible. Pericystectomy is often difficult and exposes patients to the risk of postoperative complications. Marsupialisation and internal drainage into the gut are the most common interventions; percutaneous drainage, too, has been described in patients at high surgical risk. The authors report the case of a patient from Morocco who emigrated to Northern Italy, where the disease is not endemic. The radiological examinations led to a suspicion of disease, later confirmed by serological tests. A cystojejunostomy with a Roux loop was carried out due to the large size of the cyst. The lack of surgical radicality forced the patient to undergo adequate medical therapy. At present the patient shows no signs of recurrence of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. Mass ultrasound screening in the Haut Cantal area].

OBJECTIVE: Mass systematic screening for alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver in the Haut Cantal endemic area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Targeted population was composed of the members of the Mutualité Sociale Agricole of the area, from 16 to 65 years old. 2077 notifications were sent, corresponding to 20% of the population of this area, defined by a triangle between Egliseneuve d'Entraigues, Riom ès Montagne and Saint Flour. Two screening tests were performed: Elisa serology test and liver ultrasound examination. RESULTS: Participation levels were relatively low-ultrasound: 18.92%, serology: 17%. Among 350 liver examinations, 2 suspicions of AE were found: CT and serology confirmed the diagnosis in the first symptomatic patient; CT and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in the other asymptomatic patient in whom serology was normal. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound screening showed at least a 0.57% prevalence of AE, i.e., 2 cases out of 350. This low rate however confirms that Haut Cantal is an endemic area, but with a lower incidence rate than in other endemic areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Echinococcosis of the temporal bone--epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy and review of the literature].

A case of primary echinococcosis or hydatid disease of the temporal bone is reported in which no other organ system was involved. Epidemiology, diagnostic problems, clinical findings and therapy in relationship to the available literature are reviewed. In the patient described, complete surgical removal of the parasitic cysts was required as well as chemotherapy with Mebendazole.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Alveolar echinococcosis in China: current data].

Very few information about alveolar echinococcosis in China is available outside the country. The aim of the authors is to give some precisions about the human cases and the infection in the natural animal hosts. It occurs in 3 distinct foci which comprise poor and remote rural areas. Approximately, 420 cases of human disease have been detected, and the most intense focus is Ningxia province in central China. In all areas, the adult tapeworm is frequently found in V. vulpes, V. corsac, and in the domestic dog. The intermediate hosts differ from an area to the others. Their infection rate is high in the central and the northern foci. More researches are needed for improving our knowledge about the epidemiology of the disease. But the actual major requirement is to apply control measures as health education and medical information.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The division of the territory of Azerbaijan into districts by hydatid echinococcosis].

The epizootiological and epidemiological stratification of the territory of Azerbaijan on hydatid disease was made. Four zones were identified as low, moderately, highly and extremely endemic. These zones are differentiated from their climatic and social conditions for echinococcosis distribution, human incidence and prevalence, canine and ovine number and prevalence, and the time of survival of echinococcus eggs in the soil. The most intensive disease control measures are recommended in mountainous regions of the Small Caucasus.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

HLA-DRB1 allele in 35 patients with alveolar echinococcosis in Gansu Province of China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). METHODS: Thirty-five patients with AE in high prevalence areas in Gansu Province of China were tested for the HLA-DRB1 gene using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique. The results were compared with those of 104 healthy individuals. RESULTS: The frequency of the HLA-DRB1 * 040x gene was 26% in the patient group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (9.62%) with a relative risk (RR) of 4.45 (chi(2) = 13.67, P < 0.01), and an etiological fraction (EF) of 0.20. The frequency of the HLA-DRB1 * 0701 allele was significantly lower in the patient group (2.86%) as compared to the control group (13.94%; chi(2) = 6.67, P < 0.05) with a preventable fraction (PF) of 0.30. The frequencies of other DRB1 alleles were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility to AE is significantly associated with the HLA-DRB1 * 040x. HLA-DRB1 * 0701 gene might confer protection against AE in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Identification of a gene engineering antibody against cystic echinococcosis in liver.

OBJECTIVE: To identify a gene engineering antibody against cystic echinococcosis in liver. METHODS: A single chain of variable fragment of human antibodies (ScFvs) was selected from the library by using affinity selection technique with the recombinant antigen on solid surface. The positive clones were demonstrated by ELISA and their DNA sequences were also determined. RESULTS: The DNA sequence data showed that the antibody gene is composed of 768 bp. In addition, a specific combination capacity with recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (r-EgB) was demonstrated by ELISA. CONCLUSION: The obtained gene engineering antibody against r-EgB may have potential implications in immunological treatment and drug targeting delivery.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Study on CD4+ cells deletion mechanism in experimental alveolar echinococcosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the possible mechanism of CD4+ T cells deletion in mice with alveolar echinococcosis, particularly on the relationship between Echinococcus multilocularis infection and apoptosis of T lymphocyte subsets. METHODS: BALB/c mice were infected with E. multilocularis and uninfected mice were used as control group. CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cells were separated 12 weeks and 25 weeks after infection. Purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were cultured in complete medium and stimulated with EmAg, anti-CD3 mAb, rIL-2, mouse rTNF alpha and PWM respectively. After 16 h of incubation, cells were collected and assessed by electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was observed by eletrophoresis, stained by TUNEL assays and PI, analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 25 weeks experiment group presented chromatin condensation, lost nuclear membrane integrity, and formed exocytoplasmic vacuolization. DNA ladder was observed by agarose gel eletrophoresis, and the appearance of DNA fragments was equivalent to approximately 200 bp. None of these appearances were observed in control group in 12 weeks post infection and CD8+ T cell in mice of 25 weeks post infection group. The apoptosis level of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 12 weeks post infection group was not significantly different from the control group. While the apoptosis level of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in 25 weeks post infection group as compared with the control (P < 0.01). Higher apoptosis in CD4+ T cells was observed than that of CD8+ T cells. Apoptosis mainly appeared during S phase of cell cycle. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis is a prominent causation of activation-induced CD4+ T cell death in later period of E. multilocularis infection. Increase of the death-promoter signals and decrease of the death suppresser signals may have been responsible, in part, for the apoptosis in CD4+ T lymphocytes in the infected mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A new serum hydatid antigen detection test for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a major public health problem with a worldwide distribution in both humans and animals. Diagnosis of this disease by simple and rapid immunoassays is a priority. The objective of the present study was to standardize and evaluate the latex agglutination test (LAT) as a simple test for the detection of circulating hydatid antigen in serum. The subjects in this study included 141 patients in the following groups: surgically confirmed CE cases (18), ultrasound-proven cases (26), presumptive CE cases (47), controls with other parasitic disease (25), and healthy controls (25). A polystyrene latex (0.81 microm) suspension was used as a carrier particle for hydatid antibodies in the test. The latex particles were sensitized with hyperimmune hydatid antiserum raised in rabbits. The hydatid antibody-sensitized latex particles were used for the detection of hydatid antigens in serum. The results of the study showed that the LAT could detect the circulating hydatid antigen in 13 (72%) of 18 patients with surgically confirmed CE, 17 (65%) of 26 patients with ultrasound-proven CE, and 19 (40%) of 47 presumptive cases of CE. The test detected antigen in 1 (4%) of 25 controls with other parasitic disease, and no antigen was detected in the serum of 25 healthy controls. The LAT showed a sensitivity of 72%, a specificity of 98%, a positive predictive value of 93%, and a negative predictive value of 91%. The present study is the first report of the LAT for the detection of hydatid antigen in serum in the diagnosis of CE.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Magnetic resonance imaging and immunoblot analyses in rats with experimentally induced cerebral alveolar echinococcosis.

The early stage of experimentally induced secondary cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in rats was investigated by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunoblot (western blot) analyses. Thirty-six female Wistar rats (6 to 8 weeks old) were injected intracranially with a 10% homogenate of echinococcal larval tissues in which the concentrations of microvesicles and protoscolices were estimated to be 3.8 and 1.5 x 10(4)/ml, respectively. To observe the fine structure of the rat brain, MRI was performed under a high magnetic field of 7.05 T. Histologic examination also was performed. The T2-weighted MR images revealed a hyperintense region in the cerebral cortex at two weeks after injection of the homogenate. At three weeks after injection, this region was found to have cysts on the basis of results of histologic examination. Signal-void regions corresponding to hyperplasia and the subsequent calcification of the cuticle layer at six and 13 weeks after injection, respectively, were observed in T2-weighted and proton density MR images. On the other hand, at nine weeks after injection, AE was discernible by use of western blot analysis of sera with antibodies of two epitopes (Em18 and Em16) of E. multilocularis. Using this secondary cerebral AE animal model, it was concluded that the MRI method was suitable for early detection of secondary cerebral AE.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnosis of bile ducts lesions in echinococcosis of the liver].

The results of examination and surgical treatment of 277 patients with hepatic echinococcosis with bile ducts lesion are analyzed. Symptoms of bile ducts lesion serve the indication for direct roentgenocontrast methods of bile ducts examination (endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, fistulography). Jaundice in anamnesis, dilatation of hepaticocholedoch, abundant outflow of bile from residual cavity after echinococcectomy require additional examinations during surgery (USE, cholangiography, chromatic reaction). Instant chromatic diagnosis of internal cystobiliary fistulas is highly informative, particularly in cases when complete revision and visualization of wall of residual cavity is impossible.

Adolescent↗