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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Nucleotide polymorphism in the drought induced transcription factor CBF4 region of Arabidopsis thaliana and its molecular evolution analyses].

Intraspecific nucleotide polymorphism in the drought induced transcription factor CBF4 region of Arabidopsis thaliana was analyzed with 17 core accessions growing in different ecoclimate. High density of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (Indel) were found, on average 1 SNP per 35.8 bp and 1 Indel per 143 bp. Nucleotide polymorphism in non-coding region was three times higher than that in coding region. In coding region of CBF4, SNP frequency is one SNP per 96.4 bp, one nonsynonymous mutation was detected from 25 av, 203 av and 244 av accessions, which is the 205th site amino acid variation: gly <--> val caused by the 1034th site (corresponding to 19,696 site nucleotide of GenBank No. AB015478 as 1) nucleotide variation: G <--> T. Statistical result of nucleotide diversity showed that linkage disequilibrium (LD) existed in large-scale region of CBF4 and recombination event was also detected in 5' non-coding region. Identical to the results of other genes of Arabidopsis, different regions of the gene were seemingly under different selective pressures. Balancing selection resulted in high nucleotide diversity in 3' non-coding region, and the neutral mutation hypothesis can explain the DNA polymorphism in coding region, whereas, nature positive selection in the population affected nucleotide variation in 5' non-coding region of gene.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of drought on output of Gastrodia elata].

The experiments of water supply showed out drought can decrease water potencial and the output of Gastrodia elata. Those negative effects might be conpensated by hybridi combination, and its output should be increased.

Disasters↗
PubMed2006

Worster-Drought syndrome (congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome) with posterior pituitary ectopia, pituitary hypoplasia, empty sella and panhypopituitarism: a patient report.

Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS) (congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome, congenital pseudobulbar paresia) is characterized by neuronal migration defect, pseudobulbar paralysis, epilepsy, neuromotor retardation and perisylvian dysplasia. We report a patient with WDS associated with posterior pituitary ectopia, pituitary hypoplasia, partial empty sella and panhypopituitarism, not previously reported in the literature. The 16.4 year-old female patient had severe growth retardation with height SDS -4.5, delayed puberty, microcephaly, pes equinovarus deformity, developmental delay, speech disorder and epilepsy. Laboratory findings, which revealed abnormal electroencephalography and bilateral perisylvian cortical dysplasia on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consistent with WDS. Endocrinological evaluation revealed secondary hypothyroidism and combined deficiency of adrenocorticotropin, gonadotropin and growth hormone (GH). Sella MRI showed congenital empty sella, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, ectopic neurohypophysis, and stalk agenesis. Appropriate replacement therapy was started. GH treatment resulted in a final height of 150.3 cm, appropriate for her target height. This is the first reported patient with WDS associated with congenital structural hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities, including empty sella, pituitary hypoplasia, posterior pituitary ectopia, stalk agenesis and panhypopituitarism. GH has been successful in the treatment of her short stature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Expression of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene during drought in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

The 45-days-old seedlings of drought resistant (N-22, CR143-2-2) and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Panidhan, Pusa-169) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16 bar and the relative water content (RWC), proline content, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) activity and its P5CS expression were studied. A gradual decrease in RWC was observed in tolerant genotypes, whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible ones. Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and tolerant genotypes; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes. Higher proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity. The EcoRI, BamHI and XbaI restricted DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence and a single band (approx 2.4 kb) was observed, however, P5CS expression was more in N-22 as compared to Panidhan.

1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1985

Food consumption pattern during a drought in Tonga.

Seven and eight year old primary school children were interviewed to rapidly assess food consumption patterns during a drought in Tonga. Of the 158 children interviewed, 11 (7%) reported hunger in their households and four (2.4%) reported one meal per day. Carbohydrate consumption was high but protein and vegetables were low. This simple study provided crude but useful and timely information for decision making.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrition and health needs in drought-stricken Africa.

Many of the conditions no doubt have already improved in those areas where international relief efforts are under way. The comments made here are based on observations by my colleagues and myself during the emergency phase of the famine and refugee crises and perhaps should be considered more as lessons learned that are better applied to newly emerging situations than to those relief efforts already in progress. In summary, the highest priority emergency health requirements identified during the current crisis have been, in my opinion, the provision of food and supplementary and therapeutic feeding, measles immunization, vitamin A prophylaxis, and oral rehydration therapy, plus the two management issues--rapid needs assessment with continued monitoring and adequate allocation of resources to prevention and control activities. One final note--from discussions with colleagues who were involved in the 1973-74 drought and famine in Africa, this crisis appears to be a repeat. A comprehensive, long-term approach would be beneficial so that these emergency responses are no longer necessary.

Africa↗
PubMed1983

Malnutrition among adult hospitalized patients in Zululand during the drought of 1983.

Objective measurements of nutritional status were taken from 207 patients in the medical wards of four mission hospitals in different parts of Kwazulu. The incidence of malnutrition was significantly higher than that recently found among hospitalized urban Blacks, 93% of male and 72% of female patients having triceps skinfold thicknesses below 60% of normal. One-third of the patients were clinically marasmic, and of these 56% were suffering from acute infections and 38% had active tuberculosis. The results indicate the magnitude of the problem of malnutrition in Kwazulu hospitals, and suggest that the already high incidence of tuberculosis will be further exacerbated by the continuing drought.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of drought on the content of polar lipids and sterols in wheat leaves].

Composition of lipids and sterols in leaf tissues of winter wheat varieties with different drought resistance was investigated under the heat and water deficit. The data obtained have shown that the water deficit induced accumulation of sulpholipids and sitosterol accompanied by a decrease of stigmasterol in resistant plants. A decrease of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulpholipid, phosphatidyl choline and sitosterol was observed against an increase of the stigmasterol content in the sensitive plants. The action of high temperature induced accumulation of sulpholipid, phosphatidyl glycerol, sitosterol and cholesterol accompanied by a decrease of campasterol and stigmasterol in a resistant variety. A sensitive variety was characterized by a decrease of sulpholipid and sitosterol.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1977

[Activity of chloroplast RNase under drought].

It is found, that the protein content in chloroplasts remained constant in conditions of drought, while RNase activity in chloroplasts was decreased in 2-2.5 times as compared with total leaves and hyaloplasma. No reliable differences in base composition of DNA and RNA were found in cotton variety "Tashkent 2" under the lack of water.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1997

Contamination of traditional drinking water sources during a period of extreme drought in the Zvimba communal lands, Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVES: Diarrhoeal disease is a significant public health concern in Zimbabwe, particularly for the population living in rural settings. The present study was undertaken to investigate the quality of water in a rural area of Zimbabwe during a period of extreme drought. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross sectional survey study design was used. During the month of July 1995, water samples were collected from various actively used sources in the Zvimba communal lands, Zimbabwe. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The level of contamination was estimated by use of the membrane filtration technique to detect the presence of Escherichia coli. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of E. coli found in boreholes and piped water were 9.3 and zero colonies per 100 ml, respectively. Using standardized criteria to define suitable drinking water quality, borehole and piped sources were determined to be more likely to provide satisfactory drinking water. CONCLUSIONS: Water samples collected from semi-protected and unprotected wells, which serve the majority of the population in the study area, were found to be unsatisfactory for drinking (range from two to 1,960 colonies of E. coli per 100 ml). Included are suggestions on how to efficiently utilize available water.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2026

Zea mays Drought-Overly Sensitive1/TUBA4 Is Wilty3, and Transcriptome Co-Expression Analysis of Shoot Meristem Mutant Tissues Reveals Wilty2/TUB6:Wi3 Interactions Associated With Stem Vascular Bundle Development.

Plant vasculature is essential for the transport of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules across organs, while also providing critical mechanical support for growth and development. Disruptions in vascular bundle formation can therefore lead to severe physiological and developmental defects. In maize, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced dominant nonallelic Wilty mutants exhibit a pronounced wilting phenotype even under well-watered conditions, indicating underlying defects in vascular function. In this study, we characterized the Wi3 mutant, identified as ZmDrought-Overly-Sensitive1/DOS1, and compared it with the previously described Wi2 mutant to uncover shared mechanisms underlying their phenotypes. We provide evidence, by bulk segregant resequencing linkage disequilibrium of SNPs adjacent to the causal Wilty SNPs in respective &#xdf;- and &#x3b1;-tubulin genes, for the personal communication from Gerry Neuffer that Wi2/&#xdf;-tub6 provenance is from ACR-related stock, whereas Wi3/&#x3b1;-tub4 allele is from Mo17, not B73 as claimed by the authors who cloned Dos1. Histochemical staining and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of vascular bundles in Wi3 indicated apparent alterations in cellulose and lignin content consistent with those observed in Wi2. Transcriptome analysis of shoot meristems further indicated that similar sets of genes and pathways are differentially expressed in both mutants, suggesting convergence on common biological pathways. Using bulk-segregant whole-genome resequencing, we identified alpha-tubulin4 (TUA4) as the causal gene in Wi3 (ZmDOS1), harboring a C-to-T substitution within the N-terminal GTPase-binding domain. This mutation results in a glutamic acid196-to-lysine substitution. Given that &#x3b1;- and &#x3b2;-tubulin subunits heterodimerize, and in many plants and animal mutant alleles are dominant-negative gains-of-function, we infer Wi2, Wi3, and likely Wi4, based on very similar FTIR biophysical difference spectra, may act as effectors of vascular bundle cell wall deposition, potentially involving vesicle trafficking as recently shown for asymmetric cell divisions in maize stomatal development. Together, these findings highlight the functional interdependence of tubulin subunits and provide a plausible mechanistic framework for the striking biophysical, transcriptomic, and phenotypic similarities observed between Wi2, Wi3/ZmDOS1, and Wi4 mutants.

bulk segregant analysis↗