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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Gender differences in unrealistic optimism about marriage and divorce: are men more optimistic and women more realistic?

Two studies (n = 497) examine gender differences in "unrealistic optimism" in beliefs of marriage using a Taiwanese population. Unrealistic optimism is defined as the beliefs that positive (negative) events are more (less) likely to happen to one's self versus others. Although the bias is robust, it has been shown to be lower among people with an interdependent orientation, specifically those from a collectivist culture (e.g., Taiwan). We find that the unrealistic optimism bias is stronger (Study 1) and more resilient to change when base rates are provided (Study 2) for men as compared to women. Results are consistent with the interpretation that men have a less relationally interdependent self-construal than women. Theoretical implications for unrealistic optimism, cross-cultural psychology, as well as gender differences are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of childhood parental death and divorce on six-month history of anxiety disorders.

Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) data were used to examine the relationships between: (a) early childhood maternal death, paternal death, and parental separation/divorce, and (b) six-month DIS/DSM-III diagnoses of agoraphobia with and without panic attacks, simple phobia, social phobia, panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Associations were found between: (a) maternal death and agoraphobia with panic attacks, and (b) parental separation/divorce and agoraphobia with panic attacks and panic disorder. The associations could not be explained by the effects of potentially confounding socio-demographic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Wife's employment status and marital duration in a population filing for divorce.

This study analyzes data from a 2% random sample of all couples who filed for divorce/dissolution in California in each of the 6 years, 1966-1971, in order to examine the relationship between wife's employment status and marital duration to separation. Using exchange theory, anomie theory, and role conflict as basic theoretical perspectives, the elaboration analysis of the zero order relationship is discussed vis a vis the findings that housewives are likely to be married longer before separation than employed wives, except when they marry very young. The analysis shows the enhancement of our zero order relationship for housewives marrying in their 20's, having an education of high school or above, and having been previously married. Furthermore, a causal linkage is posited between wife's employment status, presence of children, and marital duration to separation, which shows the zero order relationship to be non-spurious through the interpretation that occurred when controlling on presence of children.

Black or African American↗