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PubMed2000

The challenge of disseminating innovations to direct care providers in health care organizations.

Innovation is the discipline of applying new knowledge gained from multiple sources, including, but not limited to, scientific research. What is known and believed about knowledge generation, sharing, and dissemination of innovative ideas is discussed, with emphasis on applications to nursing and health care. The US Department of Veterans Affairs' virtual learning center is an example of a technology-based center that provides the opportunity to nurture social learning. Expanding the understanding of the generation and spread of innovations, and applying this knowledge in health care settings are critical to rapid changes in our social systems.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building an innovation factory.

New ideas are the precious currency of the new economy, but generating them doesn't have to be a mysterious process. The image of the lone genius inventing from scratch is a romantic fiction. Businesses that constantly innovate have systematized the production and testing of new ideas, and the system can be replicated by practically any organization. The best innovators use old ideas as the raw materials for new ideas, a strategy the authors call knowledge brokering. The system for sustaining innovation is the knowledge brokering cycle, and the authors discuss its four parts. The first is capturing good ideas from a wide variety of sources. The second is keeping those ideas alive by playing with them, discussing them, and using them. Imagining new uses for old ideas is the third part--some knowledge brokers encourage cross-pollination by creating physical layouts that allow, or even force, people to interact with one another. The fourth is turning promising concepts into real services, products, processes, or business models. Companies can use all or part of the cycle. Large companies in particular desperately need to move ideas from one place to another. Some will want to build full-fledged consulting groups dedicated to internal knowledge brokering. Others can hire people who have faced problems similar to the companies' current problems. The most important lesson is that business leaders must change how they think about innovation, and they must change how their company cultures reflect that thinking.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2004

The 100 most wired 2004.

Even as they speed ahead in their quest to improve quality and operations, the top IT hospitals are shifting gears away from a fascination with whiz-bang technology to the nitty-gritty work that ensures success. In the foldout, you'll find the 100 Most Wired, Innovator Award winners, Most Wired-Small and Rural, Most Wireless and Most Improved.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2006

Satisfaction Rx: run hospital like an ED.

Since many "ED" problems are truly hospitalwide problems, running your hospital like it is one big department can open up the possibility of cooperative strategies to improve service and boost patient satisfaction. Interdepartmental "bed huddles" can help address small patient flow problems before they become large ones. Seeking such "quick wins" is an approach that your staff will easily relate to. Look to your staff for innovative ideas, such as opening up the fast track for preadmission testing, which can help improve flow across the hospital.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1988

Information sources that influence physiatrists' adoption of new clinical practices.

As part of a mail survey of physiatrists' views of conducting research, respondents were queried regarding information sources that influenced their introducing a clinical innovation into their practices in the past two years. Complete information was obtained from 356 individuals. The reported practice innovations were categorized as follows: (a) evoked potentials (6% of respondents); (b) electrophysiologic diagnostic procedures other than evoked potentials (19%); (c) other diagnostic/assessment procedures (11%); (d) transcutaneous nerve stimulation (6%); (e) physical treatment procedures other than transcutaneous nerve stimulation (22%); (f) medication (5%); (g) psychologic or social intervention (4%); and (h) altered methods of service delivery (27%). Considered across all practice innovation categories, the average relative importance (in descending order) of the information sources was as follows: (1) discovery in the individual's own practice; (2) a meeting, lecture, or continuing education course; (3) a clinical coworker; (4) a write-up in the clinical literature; (5) the individual's own research; (6) a patient; (7) a write-up in the research literature; (8) a textbook; and (9) the representative of a drug firm or equipment manufacturer. Additional findings concern variables which distinguished a group of 43 individuals who reported introducing no innovation into their practices for the preceding two years, compared to the 356 individuals who did so.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Closing the research-practice gap: factors affecting adoption and implementation of a children's mental health program.

Despite the availability of effective interventions, they are not widely used in community mental health centers. This study examined the adoption and implementation of The Arson Prevention Program for Children (TAPP-C), a program for juvenile firesetters developed at a teaching hospital and disseminated to community settings. Questionnaire data from mental health professionals were used to evaluate the roles of adopter, innovation, and dissemination characteristics in TAPP-C adoption and implementation. Results indicate that different factors are important at different diffusion stages. Moreover, they suggest that innovation characteristics may be particularly important to adoption, whereas adopter and dissemination characteristics may be more influential in implementation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The emergence and diffusion of DNA microarray technology.

UNLABELLED: The network model of innovation widely adopted among researchers in the economics of science and technology posits relatively porous boundaries between firms and academic research programs and a bi-directional flow of inventions, personnel, and tacit knowledge between sites of university and industry innovation. Moreover, the model suggests that these bi-directional flows should be considered as mutual stimulation of research and invention in both industry and academe, operating as a positive feedback loop. One side of this bi-directional flow--namely; the flow of inventions into industry through the licensing of university-based technologies--has been well studied; but the reverse phenomenon of the stimulation of university research through the absorption of new directions emanating from industry has yet to be investigated in much detail. We discuss the role of federal funding of academic research in the microarray field, and the multiple pathways through which federally supported development of commercial microarray technologies have transformed core academic research fields. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the picture put forward by several scholars that the open character of networked economies is what makes them truly innovative. In an open system innovations emerge from the network. The emergence and diffusion of microarray technologies we have traced here provides an excellent example of an open system of innovation in action. Whether they originated in a startup company environment that operated like a think-tank, such as Affymax, the research labs of a large firm, such as Agilent, or within a research university, the inventors we have followed drew heavily on knowledge resources from all parts of the network in bringing microarray platforms to light. Federal funding for high-tech startups and new industrial development was important at several phases in the early history of microarrays, and federal funding of academic researchers using microarrays was fundamental to transforming the research agendas of several fields within academe. The typical story told about the role of federal funding emphasizes the spillovers from federally funded academic research to industry. Our study shows that the knowledge spillovers worked both ways, with federal funding of non-university research providing the impetus for reshaping the research agendas of several academic fields.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Promoting health and preventing disease in health care settings: an analysis of barriers.

Changes in lifestyle that promote health-enhancing behaviors and inhibit health-compromising behaviors have been recommended by the U.S. Surgeon General as an integral component of our general strategy for improving the health of the nation. A variety of innovations including new knowledge, new products, and new services have been developed with this recommendation in mind, and a major objective of these efforts is to identify settings for the effective diffusion and adoption of these new approaches into population groups that can make use of them. Health care settings such as hospitals, clinics, community health centers, health maintenance organizations, and private physicians' offices offer unique possibilities in this regard. Though opportunities exist for promoting health and preventing disease in other settings like schools and worksites, the primary objectives of such organizations are unrelated to health. Despite the obvious potential, however, our health care system has, in general, retained as its primary emphasis the treatment of disease rather than the enhancement of health. This article reviews the opportunities for health promotion and disease prevention in health care settings and identifies a range of barriers to such efforts. These barriers are discussed within a framework that focuses on dissemination and implementation as critical steps in the knowledge transfer process. Strategies for overcoming these barriers are described within the context of general linkage theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Electronic patient records and innovation in health care services.

The approach of today's EPR seems so narrowly focused on automation of the existing paper-based records by means of information technology that it becomes obvious to raise the question: 'Will these automation efforts become an impediment to innovation in products and services in health care?'. This paper discusses how objectives like improvements and innovations in products and services in health care are met by means of information technology (IT), and it argues that a shift of focus from technological innovation to innovation in products and services is necessary in order to obtain maximum benefit from IT.

Automation↗
PubMed1994

The promise of new technologies.

Efforts to provide the benefits of immunization to the world's children have reached an important crossroad. While remarkable progress has been achieved in successfully administering six important childhood vaccines (diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis, measles, and tuberculosis), the benefits of new vaccines, such as hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B glycoconjugate vaccines, have not been realized except in the most developed countries. The three reasons often cited to explain this problem include poor access to immunization services, the evolution of complex primary immunization schedules, and the additional expense associated with new vaccines, potentially depleting scarce resources. The establishment of the Children's Vaccine Initiative is an organized effort to improve immunization by both technological and organizational innovation. Simplification of the vaccination process can be achieved by developing new combination vaccines or reducing the number of immunizations with vaccines that stimulate protective immune responses. Improvements in the organization of efforts to immunize children will also enhance the prospects of protecting the world's children from infectious diseases. To achieve the goals articulated in the Declaration of New York, the issues of transition from the old to the new vaccines must be addressed. Research on vaccines and technological innovation at all levels will be required to achieve these goals.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed2003

Reasons for applying innovations for scaffolding work.

In this paper reasons for applying and for not applying technical and organisational innovations in scaffolding work are studied. In a participatory ergonomic approach these innovations were developed to reduce problems concerning physical load of scaffolders. In this study reasons for the adoption of the innovations in the scaffolding sector are evaluated in 2 studies, in 48 companies. More than half of the scaffolding sector in the Netherlands adopted the innovations. Reasons for applying innovations concerned improvement of work and health and satisfaction with usage. The reason for not applying the innovations concerned specific situations, such as offshore work, in which innovations were not applicable.

Architecture↗
PubMed2002

Discourse and adoption of innovations: a study of HIV/AIDS treatments.

This article, based on a longitudinal case study, investigates the development, testing, and adoption of innovations in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Findings indicate that distinguishing between "evidence production" and "adoption" can be difficult because the adoption of innovations is a negotiated outcome and the nature and role of evidence are not given, stable and exogenous to the adoption process. This means that changes to the distribution of discursive legitimacy and credibility in an adopting system can change evidence production and evaluation, and hence patterns of adoption of innovations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Swedish midwives' awareness of, attitudes to and use of selected research findings.

Members of a county division of the Midwives' Association of Sweden were surveyed to examine their awareness of, attitudes to and use of selected research findings. A total of 14 findings from research within the midwifery field were identified from midwives' dissertations and the journal Jordemodern using the criterion of physical availability. Questionnaires were mailed according to the membership list (n = 146). The response rate was 74% (n = 118). The results demonstrated that 75% of the midwives were aware of research findings, 65% were convinced of their usefulness and 63% used findings at least sometimes. According to the stages of Rogers' innovation-decision model the midwives were in the 'persuasion' stage, which is consistent with the result in Brett's 1987 study. The results indicate that research findings are used when midwives believe that the findings provide good care for mothers and babies. Even though the midwife in Sweden is considered to be an independent practitioner she is a member of a limiting social system. With regard to the interests influencing the health care system there is a need to examine the innovation-decision process from an organizational perspective to effectively improve the quality of care.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1993

Creating new realities: program development and dissemination.

Program development and dissemination in human services present challenges and opportunities for social scientists. Over the past 27 years the Teaching-Family Model of group home treatment has moved from prototype development to widespread dissemination across North America. Reviewing concepts in industry related to product development and dissemination, the application of these concepts to a human services delivery system, and program replication and dissemination data offer information about how innovative human services can be widely adapted and adopted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Motivation key to use of new technologies.

Researchers and academics discuss how to get health care personnel motivated to adopt technological innovation. Physicians, they say, get a bad rap as the most techophobic players in the health care arena.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2002

Health care's most wired 2002. Forward progress.

Hospitals & Health Networks' fourth annual survey and benchmarking study lets you compare your organization against 100 hospitals and health systems that set the pace when it comes to information technology. We also name the winners of the annual Innovator Awards, and we announce the recipients of the inaugural Most Wireless Awards.

Awards and Prizes↗